Customs characteristics of Yao nationality

1, the marriage customs of Yao nationality

Since ancient times, men and women have been divided into men and women, and it is necessary for men and women of school age to get married. Traditionally, in China, it has been a constant rule for thousands of years that a woman marries a man and her children take their father's surname. However, among the ethnic minorities in China, there is a saying that men marry women.

Step 2 climb the stairs

Yao compatriots living in Dayaoshan, Guangxi, where the young people in Chashan "climb the building", have basically maintained their traditional customs in marriage because of the influence of their living areas.

Chashan Yao, who lives in Dayao Mountain, is a branch of Yao, meaning people who live in the mountains. In order to seek love, the young Yao people in Chashan are popular with the custom of "climbing stairs", which has a unique national style. Chashan Yao village is generally surrounded by mountains and waters, with large scale and concentration, and the houses are all two-story wooden buildings.

The facade and the hanging building are carved with dragons and dragons and painted with oil, like a sedan chair hanging on the mountain. The quiet hanging building is a place for adult girls to socialize. Walking into the gate of Diaolou, you will find that the Yao compatriots living in Dayaoshan, Guangxi, basically maintain the traditional customs in marriage due to the influence of their living areas. I live here in Chashan Kiln, Dayaoshan.

Marry a woman and a husband.

Yao Autonomous County is the earliest established Yao Autonomous County in China, and it is called "the hometown of Yao in the world" because there are five branches of Yao in the territory: Pan Yao, Hualanyao, Chashanyao, Shanziyao and Aoyao.

Fei Xiaotong, a famous sociologist, once said: "Yao nationality in Dayaoshan has many branches all over the country, and its folk customs are the most typical. At present, there are two national hotspots in human body research in the world, including Yao nationality. The World Yaoyan Center is in China and the China Yaoyan Center is in Jinxiu. "

Yao people have formed profound, simple and colorful Yao culture and customs in their lives. The marriage etiquette of Yao family covers the richness of Yao. Pan Yao's wedding dates are mostly after the autumn harvest and before the Spring Festival, which can be divided into "marrying a woman" and "marrying a husband". Before a formal wedding, you must go through the process of choosing a spouse, proposing marriage and getting engaged.

At the wedding banquet, there are three "regular drinks" and six "partial drinks" (breakfast and midnight snack). On the morning of the fourth day, when the guests left, the men each sent a "nipple gift" (also called Xiao Yuan gift), that is, eight to nine kilograms of sow legs and four to five kilograms of other pork to their father-in-law. On the fourth or fifth day, the husband and wife went back to the door for one night and went back to the rear to consummate their marriage.

4. Yao's religious belief.

Yao's religious beliefs are complex, and primitive nature worship, ancestor worship or totem worship occupy a certain position in some areas; Some areas mainly believe in witchcraft and Taoism. Taoism has a great influence on Yao nationality. All funeral ceremonies are basically carried out in accordance with Taoism, but some ethnic primitive religions are mixed.

Step 5 dance

Yao dances are mostly related to religious sacrifices, the most famous of which are Long Drum Dance and Bronze Drum Dance. Long drum dance is mainly popular in Panyao Yao area.

Extended data:

Eating habits of Yao nationality:

The staple food of Yao residents is mainly corn, rice and sweet potato. Daily dishes include soybeans, Mi Dou, pumpkins, peppers, poultry and livestock. Yao people in Dayaoshan, Jinxiu, Guangxi, used a "bird pot" to catch migratory birds and keep them as Qiang, which is a delicious treat for guests.

Camellia oleifera is popular among some Yao people in northern Guangxi, that is, tea leaves are fried in oil to make soup, seasoned with ginger, pepper and salt, and fried rice, beans and rice flowers are brewed at the same time, which has a unique flavor.

Yao's houses include bamboo houses, wooden houses, huts and a few mud tile houses. Generally, a house is a building with three rooms, with a hall in the middle. There are stoves or fireplaces in front of both houses, bedrooms in the back, and shower sheds or pigsty in front of and behind the houses.

Yao is an ancient ethnic group, mainly distributed in the mountainous areas of several southern provinces in China, and is a typical southern mountainous ethnic group. They are mainly engaged in agriculture, rotating cultivation, hunting, fishing and gathering, and their handicrafts are relatively developed; The settlement area produces high-quality Redmi and medicinal materials.

In the past, Yao people often added corn, millet, sweet potato, cassava, taro and beans to rice porridge or rice. Sometimes, we also use "stewing" or "baking" methods to process food, such as stewing sweet potatoes and other potatoes, stewing bitter bamboo shoots, baking tender corn, baking Baba and so on.

Yao people living in mountainous areas have the habit of cold food, and the preparation of food is easy to carry and preserve. So Zongba and bamboo rice, which are both staple food and non-staple food, are their favorite foods. At work, Yao people have picnics on the spot, and everyone gets together to take out their own food and eat their own staple food.

The vegetables we often eat are all kinds of melons, beans, vegetables, radishes and peppers, as well as bamboo shoots, mushrooms, fungus, bracken, Chinese toon and yellow flowers. Yao area is also rich in all kinds of fruits. Vegetables are often made into dried vegetables or pickles. Some Yao people in Yunnan like to make their dishes very light, basically cooking them with salt and water.

Some are directly boiled in white water and soaked in water prepared with salt and pepper to keep the original flavor of various vegetables; Meat is often processed into bacon. Yao people in Guangxi usually cook meat by dry frying, boiling, seasoning with salt and less seasoning. Meat should be made into a very rich dish, fresh meat or bacon, fried brown first, and then cooked.

Yao people like to eat pickled food. "Bird gizzard" is a famous food with unique flavor of Yao nationality, and it is made by curing bird meat. Wash the captured birds, dry them in the sun, mix them with rice flour and salt, put them in a small pottery jar, seal the jar with banana leaves, and eat them in a few days. Yao people often use "bird jars" to entertain their guests. Sometimes, pigs, cattle, mutton, etc. are also pickled in this way.

Yao people also like to eat insect pupae, such as pine pupae, kudzu pupae, wild bee pupae, bee pupae and so on. Yao people also like to make their own cane sugar, sweet potato sugar, bee sugar and so on by using the characteristics of mountainous areas.

Most Yao people like drinking. Generally, rice, corn, sweet potato and so on are used. And often drink it two or three times a day. Yao people in Yunnan like to brew water wine with mash, and often use bamboo tubes to hold water when they go out to drink.

Yao people also like to decoct tea with cinnamon and galangal, thinking that it can refresh their minds and eliminate fatigue. Yao people in many areas like to play with Camellia oleifera, not only eating and drinking by themselves every day, but also entertaining guests with Camellia oleifera. In Tomb-Sweeping Day, every family had to dye flowers and eat rice.

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-Yao nationality