Folk dwellings in various landscapes

Folk dwellings such as idyllic villages and towns are distributed over various landscapes in the mountains, plains, rivers, lakes and seas, and in order to simplify the types, they are categorized into one category and placed within the plains landscape with the largest number of rural inhabitants. However, the characteristics of dwellings and idyllic gardens on top of various landscapes are also different, and can be further subdivided into subcategories according to landforms if further subdivision is desired. In this section, we will introduce the various types of idyllic homes, ancient towns, and the current popularity of Nongjiale. Customs and folklore are not listed separately because they are attached to the houses. Most of the information here comes from "Going to the Bottom of China's 50 Ancient Villages".

One, simple residential

The most simple housing in the hilly areas of northern Sichuan for the grass house, surrounded by plywood into an earth wall, the center of the columns, beams, tied with bamboo poles into a square grid, covered with straw or straw, one end of the house for the livestock enclosure, many of which are built on a wooden frame, for men to sleep. In front of the house, there is a very flat field called "Jiba" for drying crops. Generally, the kitchen door is adjacent to a paddy field for washing sundries, and there is a bamboo forest behind the house. The crops are always green, and the farmhouses are islands in a sea of green, which is one aspect of the idyllic beauty of the bamboo forests and cottages.

Guangnan County, Yunnan Province, there is a peak rock village in the mountains, the village of 54 households more than 280 people live in an area of several thousand square meters in a large cavern. The karst seepage water in the cave is enough for people and animals to drink, and here the village rules are extremely strict and the folk customs are simple. The whole village of 6 surnames, living in harmony, never happened to steal things, really "China's first strange village".

Second, the culture of ancient villages

Culture of ancient villages is now a hot spot for tourism, these ancient villages are often built by a rich family.

1. Xidi Village, Yixian County, Huizhou

The village is in the shape of a boat, surrounded by mountains on all sides. Two streams run through the village, and the streets and lanes in the village are laid out along the streams and paved with green stones, so the village space is natural and smooth, and the movement and static are suitable. Entering Xidi Village, a block of tall houses built of green stone, 90 confusing and well-connected streets and lanes, decorated with brick carvings of birds and flowers, brick carvings, embedded in the periphery of the high walls of the carved green stone leakage window, dark eaves and horns ...... diffuse a rich folk style. The mansions of each family are rich and elegant, exquisite gardens, black marble door frames, funnel windows, colorful paintings, murals, all reflecting the essence of ancient Chinese art. There are 124 ancient houses of Ming and Qing dynasties and 3 ancestral halls in the village, and many of the buildings can be called the model of Huizhou-style ancient house construction art. Xidi Village was built in the Northern Song Dynasty, from the Qing Dynasty to the Daoguang Dynasty, during the 91 years from this village out of the county officials above 115 people, lifted 234 people, Xiucai, became a microcosm of the culture of the feudal society of cultivation and study.

2. Lanxi Zhuge Village

Zhejiang Lanxi City Zhuge Village is Zhuge Liang's descendants of the settlement, backed by the mountains, facing the flow of water, 8 hills surrounded by the formation of a natural gossip. The village is covered with pink walls and tiles, reflected in the rippling ponds, exuding the flavor of the Jiangnan water town. There are more than 200 residences and halls of Ming and Qing dynasties in the village. Carved beams and paintings, heavy eaves and resting roofs, daily utensils are exquisite and elegant, rather than the simple things of farmers.

The gossip layout of the village is one of the best in China. The village center of the bell pool, by the pool of land and wells synthesized into a Tai Chi diagram, 8 alleys radiate outward, the houses arranged around the pool, into the gossip position. Alley vertical and horizontal, seems to be connected but broken, like a maze.

3. Zhang Guying Village

Zhang Guying Village is a gathering and living up to five or six hundred years of natural villages, is located in Yueyang County, Hunan Province, Weidong Township, under the Penjia Mountain, to the name of its ancestor Zhang Guying. The village house has been inherited from the Ming and Qing dynasties manor style, the whole village **** there are more than 2300 houses, houses stretching, gables and corridors, stretching two miles away, just like a "big house". Each courtyard is composed of "three wells and four", the corridors of the alleyway in all directions, households are connected, sunny and not exposed to the sun, the rain does not wet your shoes, overlooking the "Big House", as if the bird in the air, the potential as a crouching dragon wants to rise.

Zhang Guying village is surrounded by mountains, the natural landscape is very elegant. Here there are no poems and songs of literati, gold stone inscriptions, only ordinary green brick houses, ordinary people. They have preserved the old buildings, inherited the ancient customs and habits, advocated "hard work, modest benefit", never bully the small and strong, and emphasize the school, encourage reading, and is famous for its old buildings and the people's culture of education and morality.

Three, the rich and powerful manor

1. Kang million manor

Kang million manor is located in Gongyi City, Henan Province, Kangdian Township, built in the late Ming Dynasty, backed by Mang Mountain, facing the Luo water, there are 33 courtyards, of which 53 blocks of buildings, bungalows 97, kilns, 73 holes, with a total floor area of 6.43 × 104 m2. The architectural features of its construction is to build kilns by the mountain, building buildings in front of the street, courtyard and courtyard independently, and courtyard and courtyard together. Its architecture is characterized by building kiln caves against the mountain, building buildings near the street, and the courtyard is independent and connected, with the architectural characteristics of North China and Loess Plateau, which is a typical feudal fortress-style architectural complex. Looking away from the fortress on the fortress under a green hall tile house, buildings, kilns on the mountain on the situation, can be called the Central Plains a one of a kind.

2. Chang Family Manor

Chang Family Manor is located in Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province, Yuji District, Dongyang Town, Che rim Village, since the mid-Qing Dynasty, built one after another, covering an area of more than 200 acres, there are more than 1,500 houses. The houses and pavilions lined up one after another are not like a family's residence, but like an ancient city.

Four villages developed in harsh environments

1. Village on the cliff--Guo Liang Village

Guo Liang Village is located on a cliff 1700m above sea level deep in the Taihang Mountains northwest of Huixian County, Henan Province, which was isolated from the rest of the world in the past, but has become a hot spot for tourism today. The Taihang Mountains are separated from the North China Plain by a majestic cliff. Guo Liang Village is built on the steps of a canyon and cliff. The village is completely immersed in the marvelous embrace of stone, stone mills, stone grinders, stone benches, stone beds ...... is almost a modern "stoneware" era. Before the 1970's, Guo Liang village relied only on a "ladder" to connect with the outside world. Before the 1970s, Guo Liang village only relied on a "sky ladder" to connect with the outside world. The sky ladder was built on the wall, is not neatly by the block of rock base up and directly in the nearly 90 ° of the rock wall carved out of the stone ladder composition, climbing the sky ladder, up can only see the bottom of the upper stone ladder, down is the canyon in the rolling waves of the water. Climbed 200m high red rock wall, looking down, the mountain wall towering straight and steep, such as axe chopping general. Now excavated Guo Liang hole, from the foot of the cave is built with stone according to the mountain terrain "zigzag" shaped road, the cave is in the wall of quartz sandstone cut into, 5m high, 4m wide, more than 1,200 meters long.

Guoliang Village is a scenic tourist destination, with the steepness of the canyon, the softness of the stream, the depth of the caves, the spring waterfalls, watching the sunrise and the starry sky, listening to the insects and birds, a peach blossom garden-like idyllic picture.

2. Yujia Stone Village

Yujia Village is located in the mountainous area in the west-central part of Jingfu County, Hebei Province, with more than 400 families in the village, whose houses are built according to the high and low, and follow the trend. There are 22 ancient temples, ancient pavilions and ancient playhouses in the village, and the "Qingliang Pavilion" standing at the east entrance of the village is the landmark building of the village, with the lower level in the shape of an arch, just like a city gate. The village, whether ancient buildings or size of homes, facilities, appliances are stone as raw materials, is a real stone village. The village **** has six streets, seven alleys, eighteen hutongs. The roofs of the courtyards are all flat and connected to each other, and the roofs are air corridors into each house.

Yujia Village is surrounded by dozens of miles of mountain slopes, everywhere is not a dam and terraces. In the village, water storage is emphasized, wells, kilns, pools throughout the village, new and old wells have more than 1,000, an average of more than two eyes per household. The "Willow Pond Prohibition" is a water law monument, "digging pools every year, according to the door of the labor ...... each family draught water allowed one urn, water allowed two quarts ...... ". It is their development and management of water, in order to live and prosper in this arid barren land.

Fifth, the residence of ethnic minorities

1. Golden Horde Mongolia

Golden Horde is located in the Hulunbeier prairie, was once the camp of Genghis Khan. Herders live in brick houses in winter and yurts in summer, which have been integrated with nomadic culture. When you come to the grassland, you will feel incomparable freshness, tranquility and coziness. Mongolian brothers and sisters simple and bold, they will come up with mellow milk tea and wine to entertain the guests, horse milk wine and roast lamb is the main dish of hospitality, holding the haida singing toast, enjoy the wine, hand-steamed meat, wine after three rounds, dancing Mongolian dance.

2. Taoping Qiangzhai

Taoping Qiangzhai is located in Taoping Township, Li County, Sichuan Province, and is the world's most well-preserved Qiang architectural culture, art and simplicity of the primitive Qiang village. A patch of yellowish-brown stone houses follow the slope of the steep mountain. There are more than a hundred families living in the village, locally called "Gelmai Aga", meaning ancient alleyway families. Because of the long and winding alleys, also known as the "mysterious Oriental fortress". Most of the houses of the residents are divided into five floors: the first floor for raising livestock; the second floor for the living room, kitchen and bedrooms; the third floor for storage; the fourth floor for piling up grains and cereals; and the fifth floor for the Qiang people to worship the White Stone God. Walled village existing two stone towers, a 30m high, ***9 floors, each floor has a shooting window. This is a strong earthquake-prone area, but the towers for more than 2,000 years but safe and sound. Walled village also has a perfect underground water supply system, uncovering the stone can take water. Waterway with life, fire, access, wartime defense and other functions. There are 31 underground passages underneath the fortress, connecting every house, and everywhere there are concealed holes for external firing. There are eight gates outside the fortress, which are connected to the eight radial exits in the center of the fortress, constituting a gossip layout. The village people attack and defend freely, but outsiders are like entering a maze. This village structure is more complex than the Lanxi Zhuge Village.

3. Xijiang Miao Village

There is China's largest Miao village in Leigongping, northeast of Leigong Mountain, the main peak of the Miao Ridge in Kaili, Guizhou, consisting of eight natural villages situated along the banks of the Baishui River, which climb from the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain. The local people cherish the land, the flat place is used for farming, and the houses are built on slopes of more than 30°, first digging a platform in the shape of a two-step ladder, on which the supporting pillars of the houses are placed. When viewed from the side, the outermost pillar hangs in the air and is level with the foundation of the house above it, forming a hammock. The Xijiang footstools are usually divided into three floors, with the lowest floor being used for animal pens and poultry houses, composting and firewood, the middle floor being used for human habitation, and the top floor being used for storing food and miscellaneous goods.

Xijiang is a thick soil of Miao culture, in addition to the 12-year round of the grand sacrificial ceremony, the annual "Eat New Festival" and "Year of the Miao", the cultural connotation is also extremely rich. The grand festival of "jumping lusheng", the scene is brilliant, hundreds of girls dressed in beautiful silver jewelry, stepping on the rhythm of the bronze drums, with the rhythm of the lusheng, move step by step, dance.

The beauty of Xijiang Miao Village lies in the fact that it is almost entirely built on a hill, with scenic groves on the top of the village and centuries-old trees in the village, which makes it vividly simple and full of business. In the evening, the Miao village rises the smoke, people bathe in the white water river, women will plate on the head of the long hair spread, immersed in the river, posture calm, elegant and free. The afterglow of the setting sun dyed the hills red, the shadowed mountains became blue, Xijiang Miao Village like a beautiful picture.

6. Ancient Towns

1. Luzhi Ancient Town

Luzhi Ancient Town is located in the south of Kunshan in Suzhou City, and there are numerous lakes and rivers around the ancient town. The lakes and the water network *** together create its prosperity and beauty, and all the townscape related to water can be found there. There are more than 40 ancient stone bridges in the town, and none of the exquisite carvings are repeated. The houses built along the river are built from the street bank to the water, with rows of wooden stakes supporting half-overhead boarded houses in the river channel, with water under the floorboards and under the windows. From the back door through the stone steps, you can wash in the river. Most of the houses in the old town were built during the Ming and Qing dynasties, and there are 58 alleys and corridors (streets with roofs) built along the river. Along the riverbanks, there are a number of cable piles with beautifully carved designs and cable boat stones embedded in the walls of the water lanes. They are all charming works of art. Zhengyang Bridge in the east of the town is 58 meters long and was built in the Ming Dynasty. Whenever night falls, the shadow of the moon and the bridge reflect each other, and the "Changhong Rippling Moon" is one of the eight scenic spots. Shengbao Temple in the town reached its heyday in the Song Dynasty, with more than 5,000 halls and more than 1,000 monks, and the sculpted Lohan is a national treasure. The largest ginkgo tree is 1300 years old. This is a place of talent, ancient and modern celebrities are countless.

2. Nanxun Ancient Town

Nanxun Ancient Town, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, is a rare town of Chinese modern history of the rich, there are known as "four elephants", "eight bullock", "seventy-two gold dog "The first time I saw this, it was a very good time for me. Here will be more than five million taels of silver known as "elephant", more than one million taels of silver known as "cattle", more than 100,000 taels of silver known as "dog". Nanxun silk trade and prosperity, when the "silk line Dai" densely packed with more than 50 silk houses. Whenever the new silk on the market, silk line dai will be "a day trade tens of thousands of gold", "rows of clamor, Qu Road congestion". Nanxun is a water town, characterized by many bridges, famous bridges have Guanghui Bridge, Tongjin Bridge. Famous "oar silk" is through the Tongjin Bridge to Shanghai. Town of "Jia Ye building" is the same as the Ningbo "Tianyi Pavilion" of the library, a wide collection of local history, especially the publication of the Qing court as a banned book of ancient books, can be called "the sea of secret books" of rare books on the There are 62 kinds of rare books which can be called "secret books of the sea". The most famous garden is Xiaolianzhuang, which has 45 handwritten tablets of celebrities embedded in the columns of the ancient tree promenade.

3. Daxu Ancient Town

Guangxi Lingchuan Daxu Ancient Town is located in the south of Guilin, on the east bank of Li River. After Qin Shi Huang excavated the Ling canal to communicate the Yangtze River and Pearl River two major water systems, Daxu has become a hub of land and water transportation, and gradually prospered. The ancient town is built along the river, with stone roads lined with green brick and green tile buildings. The 8 old streets of Daxu town are full of old stores and buildings. Daxu has always been a place where merchants and businessmen gather, and there is a saying that "Boat against the water to Guilin, drop sails downstream to Guangdong". There are 13 wharves along the river, all made of boulders, with one end sticking out into the river and the other wedged into the streets. But the former sight of masts and masts has been replaced by tourist traffic and passenger boats.

4. Jiming Post

Jiming Post is one of the largest, most functional and best-preserved ancient post stations in China, located under Jiming Mountain in northwest of Huailai County, Hebei Province. It is a post city that existed independently on the road from Xuanhua Prefecture to the capital during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and played an important role in China's postal history. Existing circumference of nearly 2000km of the old city, the city wall for the brick masonry, divided into the east and west of the two gates for people and vehicles in and out. The houses in the castle are neatly organized, like a well-organized military camp. The "Gongguanwon" was a place for passing officials and postmen to stay and eat. It is a well-preserved courtyard with three courtyards. The Yicheng Department is the highest specification building in Yicheng, which is a five-entry courtyard.

Seven, Nongjiale

Nongjiale is an emerging form of tourism and leisure, in the characteristics of the tourist attractions and real farms between. Because it is the same as the tourist attractions, there are facilities for tourists, but there is no beautiful scenery, only close to the city transportation is convenient, consumption is not high, there is a certain atmosphere of rural life and won the favor of the city people. Families who run a farmhouse will have tables and chairs in a beautiful courtyard or under the shade of a tree for visitors to drink tea, play cards or other recreational pastime activities, providing food, lodging and entertainment for guests who visit the neighborhood.