Terminology of garment industry operation

Professional terminology is not only conducive to improving the efficiency of study and work, but also to the communication between professionals, increasing information and expanding business scope. In business contacts, most people don't like to deal with laymen. Difficulties in business communication often affect the whole operation process.

clothing term

Most disciplines or majors have their own concepts and terms. Like cartographic symbols, terminology is also a language, which is often used in the clothing industry and used for communication. Terminology makes industrial production possible.

In the national standard, the basic content of clothing terminology is specified in detail. This standard is a recommended standard. In practical use, both connotation and extension should correspond to fashion and industry habits. The interpretation of some terms has certain limitations. Fashion design is a creative conception activity. In practice, this activity runs through the whole process of enterprise activities, from market research, production conditions, enterprise strategy to artistic conception, structural modeling, sample clothes adjustment and so on. Design in a broad sense refers to the work that designers do independently; Generalized design should be the collective effect of enterprise activities. The related terms of fashion design mentioned in the national standard belong to broad concepts.

[Clothing style] refers to the style of clothing, generally referring to one of the modeling elements.

[Clothing modeling] refers to the overall clothing artistic effect composed of clothing modeling elements. The identification of modeling elements can be divided into three elements from the detail modeling: style, color matching and fabric; In terms of abstract modeling, it can be divided into point, line, surface, shape, body, color, quality, light and so on. Components are divided into shoes and hats, tops, underwear, coats, underwear, decorations and so on.

[silhouette] is the silhouette effect of clothing. It is the first visual element of clothing style modeling, and the first factor to be considered in clothing style design, followed by the modeling of internal components such as dividing line, collar type, sleeve type and pocket type. Contour is the main factor in the development of fashion.

[Style Design] refers to the plan showing the styles and shapes of clothes. This design method is a basic skill that clothing professionals must master. Because drawing is simple and easy to master, it is the fundamental way to express clothing style in the industry.

[Clothing effect diagram] refers to a drawing showing the effect of wearing clothes at a specific time and place. Enterprises mainly learn to look at clothing renderings. Clothing renderings generally include body dress drawings, design concept clarification, fabric adoption and simple financial analysis.

[Clothing cutting map] is a plane cutting method that decomposes clothing styles into special lines and symbols such as curves, straight lines, oblique lines and arcs. The popular cutting and drawing methods in China mainly include China proportional cutting method and Japanese prototype cutting method. Supplementary explanatory diagram.

[Garment structure line] refers to the line on the garment pattern, indicating the cutting and sewing structure changes of the garment parts. Lines on the cutting diagram are divided into two categories according to their thickness: one is thin lines (including drawing auxiliary lines, dimensioning lines, bisecting lines, etc.). ); The other is a thick solid line (representing the construction line of cutting and manufacturing). According to the national standard, the thickness of the thin thread is 0.2-0.3 cm; ; The thickness of the thick thread is 0.6-0.9 cm.

Terminology of clothing and daily necessities industry

There are two main ways to classify clothing categories: one is according to the system of designers, and the other is according to the system of production organization. In fact, it is difficult for the same enterprise to produce all kinds of clothes at the same time. Market positioning, raw material organization, enterprise production technology and management mode, business channels and networks, equipment to be purchased, marketing strategies and financial settlement methods are all different, so when choosing product structure, we should fully consider the production and operation characteristics of each product.

Clothing: the general term for articles that decorate the human body. Including clothing, shoes and hats, socks, gloves, scarves, ties, bags, outdoor accessories and so on.

Clothes: products worn on people for protection and decoration. Its synonyms are "clothes" and "clothes". In ancient China, it was called "clothes under skirts". The effect of clothing depends on three factors: wearing object, clothing modeling and wearing environment.

Fashion: a novel and fashionable fashion accepted by a large number of people in a certain time and region. If it is the first time for a few people to wear it, it is called trendy fashion. Clothing can be divided into popular fashion and stereotyped clothing according to fashion. Stereotyped clothing is a relatively fixed clothing style after popular screening, such as suit, tunic suit, jacket, cheongsam and so on. Fashion has a strong periodicity, which can be divided into gestation period, germination period, growth period, maturity period and decline period. With the improvement of social culture and consumption level, the epidemic cycle will become shorter and shorter. The price difference of the same fashion in a certain period may be great, so people say that "fashion is impermanent", which is changeable, likes the new and hates the old, and unpredictable, but it can also best reflect the cultural and artistic accomplishment and wearing level of designers and wearers.

Clothing: According to the size and specification series standards stipulated by the state, the clothing produced on an industrial scale is called clothing.

Clothing exploded view: refers to the schematic diagram showing the internal and external structural relationship of a certain part of clothing. Exploded views are usually used for the design of clothing styles. Ready-to-wear rate is one of the signs of a country or region's clothing industry production level and clothing consumption structure.

Custom-made clothes: refers to clothes made one by one according to the personal situation of a specific wearer. Most clothing stores operate in this way. In foreign countries, the business model of clothing customization is also called personalized clothing design. Usually, it is necessary to choose the fabric color and determine the clothing style according to the wearer's personal figure, skin color, occupation, temperament and hobbies. And the charge is usually high. In China, many customers order clothes to save money or for special reasons. High-end custom clothing is absent in the current market, mainly requiring operators to know some knowledge of clothing design.

The characteristics of flour accessories are also an important basis for enterprises to list finished products, because flour accessories define the supply channels, technological characteristics and market prices of enterprises.

According to the characteristics of flour accessories, it can be divided into the following categories:

Wool clothing: clothing made of pure wool and wool blended fabric.

Cotton clothing Cotton clothing: clothing made of cotton and cotton blended fabrics.

Silk clothing: clothing made of natural silk, rayon and synthetic silk fabrics.

Chemical fiber clothing: clothing made of various chemical fiber fabrics.

Fur/leather clothing: clothing made of fur or leather.

Down jacket: clothes filled with down.

Artificial fur clothing: clothing made by imitating various fur fabrics with natural or chemical fibers.

According to the object of wearing, it can be divided into the following categories:

Men's wear: referred to as men's wear, is the clothing worn by adult men.

Women's clothing: referred to as women's clothing, is the clothing worn by adult women.

Children's clothing: referred to as children's clothing, is suitable for children to wear clothes. Including baby clothes, children's clothes, children's clothes, children's clothes, children's clothes and so on. It also includes campus costumes for primary and secondary schools.

Professional clothes: Professional clothes are the clothes worn by members of a community or industry when working in a social environment, in order to show the overall image and meet the action requirements of workers, so as to achieve the goals of the community. Professional clothing can be divided into three categories: first, professional logo clothing, such as post and telecommunications clothing, railway clothing, customs clothing, civil aviation clothing, military uniforms, tax clothing, traffic supervision clothing, business management clothing, school uniforms and so on. The second is labor protection clothing, which refers to clothing that provides convenience and protection for employees in special industries at work. Such as radiation protection suits, diving suits, miners' suits, steel-making suits, road maintenance overalls, petroleum overalls, firemen's suits, etc. The third kind is professional fashion, which refers to the professional suits with non-uniform fashion style worn by urban professional women "pink collar class". Most of them have bright colors and simple and generous styles, which can fully show the intelligence and competence of professional women.

Terminology of jacket finished products

Suit: also known as suit, that is, a form of suit coat. The left and right rows of buttons are different, which can be divided into single-breasted suits and double-breasted suits; According to the number of grains, it can be divided into one button suit, two button suits and three button suits. The number of grains and rows can have different combinations, such as single-row two-button suit, double-row three-button suit and so on. According to the different shapes of barge head, it can be divided into flat barge head suit, gun barge head suit and olive collar suit. Suits have become an internationally accepted men's clothing.

Vest vest: Also known as vest or vest, it is a collarless and sleeveless short coat. The main function is to keep the front chest and back chest warm and facilitate the activities of hands. You can wear it under your coat or under your underwear. The main varieties are suit vests, cotton vests, down vests and wool vests of various shapes.

Cowboy costume: a canvas coat originally worn by Americans in the western development and golden age. Later, through film and television publicity and celebrity effect, it developed into a costume for daily life. 1970 used to be popular all over the world, and now it has become a global stereotypes clothing. Its fabrics are mostly strong woolen fabrics, and its styles have been developed into denim jackets, jeans, denim shirts, denim vests, denim vest skirt, denim children's wear and other styles. Jeans are loved by people all over the world because of their durability, leisure and roughness. Although its overall style is modular, its detailed modeling and decoration are constantly deduced and changed with the cycle and rhythm of fashion.

Zhongshan suit: also known as Zhongshan suit. Named after the style that Dr. Sun Yat-sen once wore. The main feature is standing collar, formerly known as Siming patch pocket, with simple and capable style.

Casual wear: a coat that imitates the style of a military uniform.

Youth Clothing: Also known as the May 4th Young Students' Clothing, it is a shirt with stand collar, three pockets or three patch pocket styles.

Jacket: refers to a jacket with short length, loose bust, tight cuffs and tight hem. Jacket is a transliteration of English, which means short.

Hunting suit: originally suitable for hunting, it has the structure of dew prevention and bullet waist. Now it has developed into a jacket with multiple pockets and split back, which is worn in daily life. Hunting clothes can be divided into short sleeves and long sleeves, summer clothes and spring and autumn clothes.

Shirt shirt: According to different objects, it can be divided into men's shirts and women's shirts. According to different uses, it can be divided into traditional shirts with suits and casual shirts to wear outside. The former is a style worn between underwear and coat, and the sleeve hole is small, which is convenient for wearing coat; Because the latter is worn alone, the armholes can be large, easy to move and have many colors.

Western-style coat: A coat with a Chinese collar and sleeves. The front can be buckled or buckled, which is a style evolved from the traditional style in China. If it's a sleeve, it's called Hanfu.

Coat: Any coat made of cotton wool, acrylic cotton, space cotton, camel hair and other thermal insulation materials is called a coat. Cotton-padded jacket can be divided into Chinese cotton-padded jacket and western cotton-padded jacket. The traditional way of wearing cotton-padded jackets and blouses is gradually disappearing, and it is rare for wearers under middle age. Instead, it is a coat-type cotton-padded jacket, which is fashionable in appearance, casual and comfortable. Its length, from short to waist to ankle, is strongly branded with the times and adapts to the rhythm of people's modern life.

Down jacket: A coat filled with down. Because of its strong thermal insulation, it is mostly worn by people in cold areas and is also commonly used by polar investigators. Down jacket is big and round, which is not suitable for showing female lines. Instead, bright colors are used to reflect the beauty. The appearance of ultra-thin down jacket will bring new aesthetic feeling to urban women.

Downloaded finished product terms

Underwear refers to clothes worn below the waist, mainly including various skirts and trousers. There are two mannequins, one is a frustum model for designing skirts, and the other is a saddle model for designing trousers.

Terminology of finished skirt

Vest skirt pullover skirt: refers to a skirt with a collarless sleeveless vest structure. This style is mostly adopted by middle school campus clothes.

Oblique skirt: refers to a skirt that spreads diagonally from the waist to the hem. When cutting oblique skirts, due to the full relaxation of hip circumference, hip circumference is generally not taken as the control size, only the waist circumference and skirt length can be cut. What people usually call a four-piece skirt is close to the shape of a diagonal skirt, but because the hem is moderate, it is still necessary to measure and control the hip circumference.

Fishbone skirt: A skirt in the shape of a fishtail. The waist, hips and middle thighs are combined, and the hem is gradually released downward to form a fishtail shape. The position where the fishtail begins to unfold and the size of unfolding depend on personal needs. In order to ensure the unity of "fish belly" and "fish tail", fishtail skirts usually adopt more than six structural forms, such as six fishtail skirts, eight fishtail skirts and twelve fishtail skirts.

Mini-skirt: Also called mini-skirt. This is a short skirt with a length in the middle of the thigh and above. Only the shape of the skirt determines the length. Its shape can be tight, flared or pleated skirt.

Pleated skirt: refers to a skirt with a pleated waist. According to the design of pleats, it can be divided into broken pleated skirts and regular pleated skirts. Folds can be large or small, and can be paired or pleated with the wind.

Holiday skirt: also known as tower skirt. Refers to a skirt whose body is connected by multi-level horizontal pieces and pleated in the shape of a tower. According to the layer distribution of the tower, it can be divided into regular tower skirts and irregular tower skirts. In an irregular tower skirt, the width of each tower layer can be changed as required, such as the combination of width-narrow-wide, narrow-wide-narrow, narrow-wide-wide, etc.

Tube skirt: Also called straight skirt, straight skirt or straight skirt. Its modeling feature is that it starts from the hip of the fit, and the side seam naturally hangs into a tubular shape.

Qipao skirt Qipao skirt, piping skirt, slim skirt: Usually refers to a skirt with split left and right sides. Because the slim fit style of cheongsam is retained, the skirt is generally below the knee, the hem is slightly closed, and the slit length is subject to meeting the basic activities of the legs.

Tailored skirt: also known as suit skirt. It usually goes with a suit jacket or shirt. In the cutting structure, the waist and buttocks are often gathered and folded, and the length changes up and down at the knee. In order to facilitate activities, pleats or slits are often made before and after.

Terminology of finished pants

Pants: mainly refers to pants worn with a suit jacket. Because pants are mainly worn in offices and social occasions, we should pay more attention to the coordination with styling on the premise of being comfortable and natural. When cutting, the amount of relaxation is moderate, giving people a feeling of peace and stability. Pants have basically achieved internationalization and standardization in production technology and modeling. The technology of trousers and shorts is basically the same, and the length above the knee is different, so you can choose according to your own needs.

Chinese pants: pants with wide waist, large crotch, no side seams and no front and back points when wearing; This is the traditional costume of China.

Pants: pants with shoulder straps at the waist. There are only two straps connecting the suspenders in pants, but in overalls and modern fashion, there are many chest stickers.

Riding pants: pants worn when riding a horse. The overall costume of equestrian athletes has become a fixed style in the world. Due to the functional requirements of riding, the crotch and thighs are very loose, but they are gradually tightened below the knees and trouser legs, forming a special contour.

Bloomers, bloomers, bloomers, Pantalets: refers to a kind of trousers with wide straight legs and tight legs, which looks like lanterns. From the design point of view, it can be regarded as a kind of "imitation modeling" and "imitation naming". Bloomers are loose and comfortable, and are mostly worn for leisure. China's training pants and sweatpants often use this style.

Skirt pants: pants with crotch, loose mouth and skirt appearance. It is a combination of trousers and skirt.

It not only retains the advantages of pants, such as convenient cycling, but also has the elegance, romance and femininity of skirts.

Overalls: refers to the clothes in which the top and trousers are integrated. Because it is connected from top to bottom, it is closely related to the human body, so choose more labor protection clothes for special types of work. There are also jumpsuits that connect hats and shoes and socks, which are more airtight and suitable for radiation and chemical protection personnel.

Bell bottoms: pants with flared legs. In terms of structural design, on the basis of trousers, the vertical crotch is slightly shorter, and the relaxation of hip circumference is appropriately reduced, so that the hip and the middle crotch (near the knee) fit together, and the trousers mouth can be enlarged as needed from below the knee. According to the degree of the expansion of the trousers, it can be divided into big bell bottoms, small bell bottoms and micro bell bottoms, and the length of bell bottoms mostly covers the length of the upper.

Terminology of whole body assembly products

The so-called whole-body finished product refers to the clothing style that is connected from top to bottom.

One-piece skirt: refers to the one-piece clothing in which the top and the bottom skirt are connected into a whole. Dress is called "queen of style" in various styles, which is unpredictable and has the largest variety, and is most favored by women. There are children's clothes and young women's clothes according to different objects. Almost all the changeable factors in tops and skirts can be combined to form the style of dresses. Dresses can also form various contours and waist positions according to the needs of modeling.

Qipao, China clothing: Also known as China Qipao. Its main structural features are standing collar, right belly, waist-binding, split hem and so on. Cheongsam is a traditional robe for women in China, which began with the dress of flag bearers in Qing Dynasty. After the Revolution of 1911 and modern improvement, the traditional cheongsam clothing technology has been preserved, making it more in line with the performance of the human body. This ratio is very suitable for orientals with flat chest, low hip position and long upper body. Cheongsam conveys modern humanism and the unique rhythmic beauty of the East.

Bridal dress: refers to the clothes worn by women when they get married. The traditional bridal gown in China is a big red Chinese suit. Most of the bridal gowns used in cities now come from the wedding dresses worn by European and American brides. Western-style wedding dresses take white as the positive color, symbolizing purity and sacredness.

Tuxedo: Tuxedo is a formal suit worn by men on special occasions. Its basic structure is short front, suit collar, long back and dovetail back, with two slits, which originated from the clothing modeling of European coachmen. The color is mostly black, which means serious, earnest and sacred.

Evening dress: a gorgeous dress worn by women in social occasions at night. Evening dress is made of high-grade materials, with strong color sensitivity, strong performance and special effects under the light. Western-style evening dresses are based on the nightlife of western upper-class society, and the styles are mostly topless and backless long skirts.

Coat: refers to a long coat worn over ordinary clothes to keep out the wind and cold. According to length, it can be divided into short coat, middle coat and long coat. According to different clothing fabrics, its main varieties are woolen coats, cotton-padded clothes, down jackets, fur coats, leather coats, artificial fur coats and so on.

All-weather coat &; Cloak: a coat used for wind and rain protection, which can be divided into single, clip, long and short styles. Style changes with fashion.

Dress blouse, cloak, cloak: sleeveless, neck strap, windproof coat worn on shoulders. If there is a hood on it, it is usually called a cloak. Cloak is a conjoined structure, which northerners and children wear in winter.

Nightgown: refers to the loose long nightgown worn in the bedroom. Soft and elegant colors and quiet and delicate floral patterns are mostly used in fabrics, and pure cotton fabrics or high-grade silk are mostly used.

Pajamas: pajamas including coats and trousers.

Suit: refers to the clothes worn up and down. Usually made of the same fabric of the same color, so the top and bottom are the same style. The workplace chooses this way of dressing.