Historical Background of China's Modernization

China's modernization history

Modernization, also called modernization, with economic industrialization and political democratization as the main symbols, the core of which is industrialization, is an inevitable stage in the transformation of human society from a traditional agricultural society to a modern industrial society.

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Broadly speaking, modernization mainly refers to the major changes in the mode of social production caused by modern productive forces since the Industrial Revolution, giving rise to the accelerated development of the world's economy and the major trend of social adaptation; specifically , which is the process of realizing the great transformation of the traditional agricultural society to the modern industrial society with the modern industrial, scientific and technological revolutions as the driving force, so that the industrial civilization penetrates into all fields of economy, politics, culture and ideology and causes the profound changes of social organization and social behavior.

(I) The historical background of China's modernization

1. China's modernization was carried out in the process of semi-colonial and semi-feudalization, which was carried out in the following specific background: ① overpopulation and relative shortage of natural resources. ② The crisis of national survival: nationalism as a means of social mobilization for China's modernization. (iii) The chaotic situation of political decline and the fragmentation of the country. ④ The deep-rooted feudal traditional ideology and culture.

2. China's modernization faced two major tasks and the way out: ① task: resistance to foreign aggression, fight for national independence; development of productive forces, the realization of the country's wealth and strength, the two should be carried out at the same time, 1949 before the fight for national independence, the main after 1949 to the development of productive forces, the realization of the country's wealth and strength is the main. ② The way out: China's modern democratic revolution can only succeed in modernization if it closely links anti-imperialism and anti-feudalism.

3. The main driving groups of China's modernization: the landlord-bureaucratic class, the national bourgeoisie, the peasant class and the proletariat.

(2) The main fields and contents of China's modernization

①Economic field: the development of capitalism, the transition from manual to machine production in terms of productive forces, and the transition from feudalism to capitalism in terms of relations of production; ②Political field: mainly to realize the democratization of politics, and the transition from feudal dictatorship to democracy; ③Thinking field: the dissemination of Western studies, the study of advanced Western science and technology and ideological and political systems; ④ military field: the founding of a modern army and military industry; ⑤ diplomatic field: the transition from traditional Rifan diplomacy to modern diplomacy.