On the technical system and its significance of the "Ten Thousand Hectares of Good Land Construction Project".

0Introduction

After China's reform and opening up, an economic system based on the family contract responsibility system for land, combining unification and division, and two-tier management was established in the countryside. This system broke through the constraints of single collective ownership, abandoned egalitarianism in distribution, got rid of the constraints of the planned economy, and implemented a new pattern of rural economy in which public ownership was the mainstay and a variety of ownership components coexisted and developed, and in which distribution according to work was the mainstay and distribution according to factors of production was the supplement. This reform greatly mobilized the enthusiasm of farmers for production and the development of the economy, and played an important historical role in solving the difficulties faced by China's agriculture, rural areas and farmers' economy at that time. However, with the accelerating process of China's economic globalization, the current rural family-based, decentralized, small-scale contractual management mode is no longer adapted to the needs of modern agricultural production and operation, valuable land and human resources are difficult to get a reasonable and efficient allocation of public **** service is difficult to meet the requirements of the full realization of a moderately prosperous society. In this context, the Jiangsu Provincial Department of Land and Resources put forward the implementation of the "ten thousand hectares of good land construction project" new ideas, this innovative concept for the reform of the rural collective land use system, integrated urban and rural development has opened up a path of exploration.

1 "ten thousand hectares of good land construction project" technical system

"Ten thousand hectares of good land construction project" involves the object of the background and the basic situation of certain differences, therefore, the initial stage of the technical system should be more macroscopic and broad, with the popularization of the project in-depth, gradually supplemented by the "ten thousand hectares of good land construction project". The project's popularization and depth, and gradually supplemented, refined and perfected. At this stage, the technical system mainly includes four items.

1.1 Engineering standard system

Based on careful research and repeated arguments, the "Ten Thousand Hectares of Good Fields Construction Project" land consolidation plan and centralized settlement planning are scientifically compiled on the basis of the newly revised overall land use plan. In the preparation of this plan, it is necessary to correctly coordinate the relationship with other special plans, and not to lose sight of one or the other, not to mention the contradiction with the overall land use plan. Should be combined with the local actuality, reasonably determine the project project area and sub-project area, the project area as much as possible centralized agglomeration, in principle, in counties (districts) as a unit, should have a total area of more than 1,000 hectares, more than 300 hectares of agricultural land in the sub-piece of the scale of finishing. No resettlement land shall be arranged within the project area, and shall not be duplicated with other land development and finishing projects. At the same time, it shall scientifically prepare the demolition compensation and relocation program, agricultural population resettlement program, urban and rural construction land increase/decrease balance program, capital budget and financing program, land contract management right transfer program and other related planning programs.

1.2 Engineering Management System

Establishing a management system led by the government at all levels, with the cooperation of all relevant departments. Construction projects are organized by the county (district) government, the relevant departments in concert, *** with the promotion of market-oriented and other ways to operate. A leading group should be set up with the main person in charge of the government as the leader, and the main persons in charge of planning, land and resources, rural work, finance, construction, transportation, water conservancy, agriculture, forestry, labor and social security, public security, civil affairs, supervision, auditing, letters and visits, etc., as members, and the responsibilities of the relevant departments should be clarified according to the actual needs of the work to promote the "Ten Thousand Hectares of Good Land Construction Project" together. ". The town government involved in the project area should also set up a corresponding leading group, responsible for solving the specific problems assigned by the superiors and in the implementation process. The local land and resources department and the town where the project area is responsible for the collection and analysis of relevant information, and together with other relevant departments to come up with the implementation of the project plan; planning, construction and other departments are responsible for the demolition and relocation of villagers in the project area, the construction of resettlement housing and quality supervision, and the feasibility of the project in the village and town planning; labor and social security, civil affairs, finance and other departments are responsible for demolition of the basic life of the farm household Protection work, to ensure that the standard of living of the demolished farmers will not be reduced, the economic interests of the farmers will not be damaged; finance, audit and other departments responsible for the project area of the budget, management, allocation and audit supervision of special funds, the strict implementation of the special funds earmarked for the purpose of; the townships and rural areas and other departments responsible for the project area of the transfer of land in accordance with the law and regulations to explore the establishment of a platform for the transfer of land.

1.3 Funding system for the project

(1) Source of funds. The special funds required for the construction project will be raised by the county (district) government where the project is located. The main sources of funds for the project are: arable land occupation tax, new construction land reimbursable use fees for the county (district) part of the share; arable land reclamation fees; 15% of the net proceeds of land use rights concessions, that is, the part of the agricultural inputs; national and provincial investment in land consolidation project funds; agricultural key development funds; water conservancy, transportation, agriculture, culture, health, power, water supply, environmental protection and other departments of the rural areas related to the inputs; collective construction funds; the construction of the project is the responsibility of the government. Input funds; collective construction land use right transfer proceeds, the part of the income of the collective economic organization; urban and rural construction land increase and reduction of hooks to obtain the corresponding funds; centralized resettlement areas within the operating land transfer premiums; county (district), the town of the financial matching funds. In addition, you can also explore the absorption of social funds, the implementation of market-oriented way of operation.

(2) the operation of funds. First of all, by the provincial and municipal financial authorities to develop a unified accounting subjects, construction projects in the county (district) set up a temporary accounting organization, equipped with a high level of full-time accounting staff, specifically responsible for the financial management of construction projects to avoid cost calculation is not permitted, the project funds do not flow well, as well as the operation of the funds to supervise the lack of problems. Second, the establishment of "ten thousand hectares of fertile land construction project" project funds budget management and bidding system. The "Ten Thousand Hectares of Good Fields Construction Project" is a comprehensive work, involving land leveling, demolition and relocation of farmers, farmland water conservancy, field roads, forest network construction, land transfer and many other matters, in order to ensure the rational use of project funds for the "Ten Thousand Hectares of Good Fields Construction Project", it is necessary to carry out feasibility studies and planning of construction projects. In order to ensure the rational use of funds for the "Ten Thousand Hectares of Good Land Construction Project" project, it is necessary to conduct feasibility studies and review the planning and design of the construction projects, and scientifically and reasonably prepare the budgets for the funds of construction projects. For the construction projects belonging to the scope of bidding management, the construction units must be determined in accordance with the requirements of the bidding management methods, so as to ensure the rational use of the funds for the construction projects and to improve the effectiveness of the use of the funds for the "Ten Thousand Hectares of Good Fields Construction Project". Once again, full-cost accounting is implemented in accordance with the principle of "earmarking funds for specific purposes". Finally, because the "Ten Thousand Hectares of Good Land Construction Project" has a large amount of funds and a long construction period, the final accounting of the project funds must be strengthened at the end of the project. Should be in accordance with the approval of the construction project, check the allocation of funds, additional budget to carefully verify whether the project funds to the account, and timely check with the bank funds to the account to achieve "accounts, accounts, accounts, accounts" three consistent. At the same time, one by one check the completion of the project acceptance of the project did not pass the acceptance of the project should be urged to complete in accordance with the provisions of the higher agreed to change the project should be approved in accordance with the budget quota the number of funds used, one by one to summarize the project's cost of the number of expenditures, the number of final account of the project funds spent on the number of project funds and project funds balance. After the completion of the project settlement, the competent department of the project shall designate a professional auditing organization to organize a comprehensive audit, focusing on the audit of the implementation of the project budget, the completion of the project, as well as the balance of project funds, due to the quality of the project and unreasonable expenditure should be deducted according to the provisions of the project, to ensure that the project "earmarked for special purposes", give full play to the Construction project funds to fully utilize the efficiency.

1.4 Engineering Quality Assurance System

"Ten thousand hectares of fertile land construction project" is a set of social benefits, economic benefits, ecological benefits as one of the long-term systematic project, so we must pay attention to the quality of the project, the establishment of a set of engineering quality assurance system, which is crucial to grasp the engineering design, engineering supervision, project acceptance and engineering quality assurance system. Supervision, project acceptance and project audit four key links.

2 "10,000 hectares of fertile land construction project" significance

In summary, I believe that "10,000 hectares of fertile land construction project" is mainly reflected in the significance of five aspects.

2.1 is conducive to exploring the reform of the rural land use system, and promote the intensive operation of rural collective land

The implementation of the household contract responsibility system is a major reform of China's rural land system, but soon exposed the limitations of the initial reform of the collective land system: ① contract early, the unity of the combination of the two-tier management is imperfect, the main body of the land property right is unknown, unclear relationship; ② the average distribution of contracted land according to the population labor, resulting in a lack of land ownership. The contracted land was evenly distributed according to the population and labor force, resulting in too much fragmentation of arable land and too small a family business scale, hindering the further improvement of labor productivity and land productivity; ③ Due to changes in population and labor force, the contracted land was often adjusted, and the right to operate was unstable, resulting in a decline in the strength of the land; ④ With the rural labor force going to the city to work, the reduction of the labor force working in agriculture and the difficulty of the land to flow, resulting in the rough management of the arable land. 1964. Although small-scale adjustment of contracted land has been carried out everywhere and subcontracting has been allowed, and the scale of arable land operation has been expanded, it still hasn't changed the situation of fragmented and small scale of land operation.

Western classical economists, represented by Ricardo, once put forward the concept of "intensive agricultural land management" when discussing the concept of "intensive agricultural land management": "on a certain area of land, focusing on investing more means of production and live labor, and using advanced technology and management methods to achieve efficient yields and income on a smaller area of land, which is the best way to achieve a high degree of efficiency and productivity. In 2008, the Third Plenary Session of the 17th CPC Central Committee considered and passed the "Decision of the Central Committee of the People's Republic of China on a Number of Major Issues Concerning the Advancement of Rural Reform and Development" (hereinafter referred to as the "Decision"), which puts forward the following: "Promote the institutional mechanism of agricultural management. "Promote innovation in agricultural management systems and mechanisms, and accelerate the transformation of agricultural management methods. Family management should be transformed in the direction of adopting advanced science and technology and means of production, increasing inputs of technology, capital and other factors of production, and focusing on raising the level of intensification." "Ten thousand hectares of fertile land construction project" is to implement the spirit of the "decision", to adapt to the needs of rural land use system reform put forward a comprehensive initiative, is conducive to promoting the intensive management of rural collective land.

2.2 Increase the area of arable land, improve the quality of arable land, and guarantee the security of food production

The purpose of protecting arable land is mainly to guarantee food security. Although the goal of arable land protection has expanded with the rapid advancement of economic and social development, scientific and technological progress and urbanization, food security is still one of the important goals of arable land protection. Even if a 60 per cent urbanization level is achieved, it will not be possible to absorb all the surplus rural labour; arable land is still an important social security for farmers, so protecting arable land is also the basis for guaranteeing social stability. In recent years, with the accelerated consumption of exhaustible energy, the demand for agricultural land and even arable land caused by the accelerated development of bio-energy has attracted the attention of the international community. In short, the protection of arable land is an important guarantee for the realization of sustainable social development. Through the implementation of the "ten thousand hectares of fertile land construction project", it is conducive to solving a series of problems such as decentralized management of agricultural land, backward production methods, and low level of security, so as to achieve the integration of arable land resources, increase the area of arable land, improve the quality of arable land, and ensure the security of food production.

2.3Conducive to the implementation of the Party's "three rural" policy, promote the process of urban-rural integration

The deepening of the reform of the rural land system depends to a large extent on the ability of the rural population to the towns and cities in the secondary and tertiary industries, and stable employment, and transformed into towns and cities industrial workers. The Decision points out: "China has generally entered the stage of development of promoting agriculture with industry and bringing the countryside with the city, and has entered the critical moment of accelerating the transformation of traditional agriculture and taking the road of modernization of agriculture with Chinese characteristics, and has entered the important period of striving to break down the dualistic structure and forming a new pattern of integration of urban and rural economic and social development. Therefore, the best way to implement the Party's "three rural" policies is to speed up the process of reducing, or even divesting, the social security function of land, and to promote the process of urban-rural integration. The prerequisite for achieving this goal is the equalization of basic public **** services in urban and rural areas. At the present stage, although China's economic development and urbanization are proceeding rapidly, it is still far from being able to solve the problem of citizenship for the many peasants, and it is unlikely that the problems of unemployment, old age and housing security for the entire population will be solved in the short term. Therefore, land, especially arable land, remains the "cornerstone" of social stability in rural areas. Through the development of the secondary and tertiary industries, as well as policies and measures to feed the agricultural sector, the process of urban-rural integration and urbanization should be promoted in a gradual and orderly manner, so that peasants can voluntarily and smoothly make the transition to the cities and towns, and the aim of good, fast and harmonious development can be achieved.

2.4 It is conducive to alleviating the shortage of urban land supply, safeguarding economic development, and advancing the process of urbanization in China

China is in a period of rapid economic growth, urbanization and industrialization, and must safeguard the demand for land for construction, and the tendency of the non-agriculturalization of a certain amount of arable land is unavoidable. We are faced with the dilemma of ensuring both "food" and "construction". Reality forces us to seek a "with the scientific and technological progress and land investment increases, to ensure food security of arable land demand continues to decrease; at the same time, with the urbanization, industrialization and industrial structure of the advanced, arable land non-farming will tend to stop, to ensure food security of arable land tends to be stabilized" the road. The "Ten Thousand Hectares of Good Land Construction Project" is an important initiative to respond to the needs of the development of the situation, and to explore the win-win road of "not only easing the tension of urban land supply, but also guaranteeing food security". Through this project to revitalize the rural stock of construction land, cracking the land problem, so that some agricultural and sideline product processing projects and entrepreneurial projects for all the people to settle, to facilitate the employment of farmers nearby, to ease the pressure of urban land supply shortage.

2.5It is conducive to improving the effectiveness of remote sensing monitoring and strengthening the supervision of land and resources

Because the "Ten Thousand Hectares of Good Farmland Construction Project" is to build a large area of contiguous high-standard farmland through the comprehensive improvement of fields, water, roads, forests and villages, and to relocate the rural residents to towns and cities or centralized residential areas, realizing the centralization of farmland and the concentration of residents. The project is a systematic project to realize the concentration of agricultural land and the concentration of residents, so it is more conducive to improving the effectiveness of monitoring by modern means - satellite remote sensing images, thus strengthening the monitoring of land and resources.