What are the full set of wedding customs in old Tianjin Wei?

The full set of wedding customs of the old Tianjin Wei has too many contents, here is a detailed description of the ceremony of marriage.

Welcoming, is the most lively ceremony in the marriage etiquette, equivalent to the ancient "six rites" in the "pro-welcoming". The preparations for the wedding are quite tedious. In addition to the previous has been dedicated to the drying of the sedan chair, the layout of the cave and other matters, but also to please the teahouse, drummers, booking banquet, lease tables and chairs and a series of things in place.

One, hire drummers

Drummers are divided into three kinds, one is to use the suona to play the full music; one is to play the Han music; one is to cymbals, cymbals, drums to play the percussion of the "South Noisy". The drummers are all shavers who play as a sideline, and they all wear red coats, tianma mends, and red tasseled hats, all dressed in the Qing system, while the other drummers are all dressed in the Ming system.

Send the marriage sedan chair

Two, send "silk box"

Welcome to the wedding day, the male family's teahouse open hospitality to friends and relatives; kitchen masters prepare noodles and meals for the banquet; the host family sent a maid to the female home for the bride to send a small rectangular box, the name of the "silk box". "silk box", a cover and two bottom, the box contains rouge, powder, silk thread and a pair of small earrings called "lilac" and other items. These are mostly for the bride on the sedan chair before grooming ready, just one of the silk thread is to be the bride to sit in the tent when strung face with; groom to be accompanied by the best man bathing and dressing. Because of the marriage of a small Dengke said, so the groom can wear official clothes. General family wear robes and coats, color to brown, reddish purple, blue and other colors (after the Republic of China, more blue robes and green coats), feet wearing silk black boots. Head inserted a pair of small gold flowers, said "installed new". Groom in the sedan chair, ringing room before the groom shall not come out of the new room.

Three, sedan chair

Sedan chair, that is, to send the bar room personnel to carry the sedan chair and other ceremonial deacons to pick up the bride. Sedan chair time is seven or eight o'clock in the morning, if the distance is far, but also early start. At this time the bar room personnel to take the handrail plate as a signal to notify the busy happy events of the various lines of labor. Then, by the teahouse shouted "Qi la guy!" Drummers will blow the trumpet to signal, first to the direction of the new house blowing a pass, called "loud room". Then, the gong to open the way, in order to depart, still guided by the teahouse, followed by two pairs of personnel to hold the Golden Flower and the box. Article box containing "to the door post" by the groom in the name of "service hall nephew" to the bride's home (initially, to the door post is the groom himself in the marriage in eight-carried sedan chair personally to the bride's home, commonly known as the "big marriage"). "). After that, there are flags, gongs, umbrellas, fans and other types of ceremonial deacons. In addition, there must be four people clamped with red felt, because the sedan chair and the bride shall not be directly next to the ground, must use red felt pads, so these four people are responsible for pouring red felt. Another well-dressed sitting in the sedan chair "sedan chair children" and was called "rooster cooler" of the two children.

At this time, the woman's family is also busy. In addition to prepare to greet the hospitality of friends and relatives of food, to send a maid to the male family to send 100 boiled dumplings (said 100, actually 96, the female family left 4), in order to prepare for the newcomer to sit in the tent when eaten, known as "children and grandchildren meat and potatoes", commonly known as "children and grandchildren flat food (light sound shi) "The dumplings were handed over to the man's family, and the man's family was given the dumplings. These dumplings are handed over to the man's family and put on the kang table of the new house by the Quanke Ren, along with four small dishes. (In Tianjin Wei, Quan Ke Ren Er refers to a person who has a full set of children and an auspicious number of children. (In Tianjin Wei, "Quan Ke Ren Er" refers to a person who has a full set of children and an auspicious number of children, such as five boys and two girls, an auspicious number, not more than one, not less than one).

When the male family's sedan chair and other lines arrived, the female family hired the teahouse to accompany the host family out to meet, to be the bride's cousins, uncle and other close relatives of the sedan chair, 2 people in the sedan chair that is the sedan chair heart to carry to the door of the hall, the party withdrew from the waiting, accompanied by all the rattles to be lively blowing some.

Four, on the head

When the marriage sedan chair to, the bride by the whole people are responsible for helping to the kang in a specified direction of the circle chair on the seat, change into the new red underwear, and then began to comb the head, commonly known as "on the head". Each lock of hair is coiled horizontally on the head and tied with a red velvet rope, which is called a "scrunchie," in the sense of a "married couple. A hairpin and a crown are attached to the bun. The crown is made of thick paper clips in the shape of a small round bowl, pinned to the head, called the "old crown", which should be taken down after sitting in the tent. When the bride on the head, the feet stepped on two boat model, called the "happy boat", and each has a meaning, a name is "unicorn sends a son", a name is "gourd million generations". Pleasure boat and the head of the crown to wear, take the "official generation" meaning, expressed the wish for the groom and future generations of smooth career. The bride should have a sugar cube in her mouth, which means that the future days are getting sweeter and sweeter. At this time, the male family sent the "rooster cooler" 2 children are standing in the bride on the head of the house under the window, hold the rooster boy to play the rooster, so that it calls a few times, called "playing the chicken on the head", and hold the cooler boy is around its left and right, walking back and forth.

Five, bright sedan chair, ironing sedan chair

Waiting for the bride on the head of this period of time, the female family to set up a banquet to receive the bride's party, the quality of the meal is very high, there must be bird's nest shark's fins and other delicacies, and therefore, is also known as the "shark's fin seat". More sophisticated people will also be sedan chair in the courtyard, the sedan chair roof lights and all the accompanying string lights, lanterns, etc. all lit, known as the "bright sedan chair", to show broad. A candle lit time for 1 Hall, usually light 1 Hall for more, some to burn 2 Hall, this time to the sedan chair, drummers and deacons of the other plus money. Especially on the sedan chair's hospitality is particularly important, happy money than others, the purpose is to let them carry the sedan chair stable, so that the bride suffered less. But also invited friends and neighbors of an elderly woman with a lamp or mirror to the sedan chair inside a light, said "shine the sedan chair", intended to drive away evil spirits ominous. At the same time, holding an iron (internal combustion spices) around the sedan chair to walk 2 circles, called "ironing sedan chair", take the meaning of warmth like spring.

Sixth, make-up on the sedan chair

The bride on the head, the in-laws to change the invitation to send all the jewelry to wear, down to put on the gowns and skirts on the dowry. The color of the wedding dress is extremely bright, rich and beautiful decorations, inside a layer of red or plum red satin pants set, outside the cover ringing skirt, flower shirt. Ringing skirt is the Qing Dynasty pleated skirt style, pleated skirt for the big red satin fabrics made from the waist of the skirt down below decorated with a narrow down below the width of the red, yellow, pink, green, blue and other colors composed of bands, bands embroidered pomegranates, gourds, peonies and other floral motifs, bands at the bottom of the hem of the triangular shape, decorated with a small bell, walking when jingling, very pleasing to the ear, so it is known as the "Ringing Skirt So the name is "ringing bell skirt". The bottom color of the flower shirt is made of red silk satin, embroidered with a flower pattern. The shirt has cape. Feet wearing green socks (this socks in the hall shall not be seen by the groom, so before getting off the sedan chair should be removed and hidden in the sleeve) and soft-soled red embroidered shoes (commonly known as "step on the foot").

Dressed, the bride on the sedan chair. Earlier, the bride was held by her older brother to the sedan chair. Later, as the bride's marriage age grew to more than 20 years old, it is not appropriate to hold by their older brother, so the bride's feet to set a pair of their older brother's big shoes backwards by 2 full can help to the sedan chair in front of the heart of the set of shoes off into the small sedan chair heart of the bride's uncle, cousins, etc. to come out of the sedan chair heart of the 2 people will be lifted to the door of the hall, the set of the big sedan chair. These two ways are said not to touch the soil of the mother's home, so as not to take away the family's wealth and good fortune. The bride is not allowed to turn her face around in the sedan chair. Its left hand to take a small silver ingot, the right hand to take a string of red rope through the system of money, commonly known as "a hand of silver a hand of money", said not empty-handed to the in-laws. At the same time, will be a small copper mirror into the chest, it is said to be free from disasters, to avoid evil spirits. If the two marriage sedan chairs meet on the way to the wedding, it is considered unlucky.

Seven, into the closed door

The sedan chair carried to the male family, called "into the door". Into the door shall not be over noon, the first to stay at the gate for a few moments, the groom's family firecrackers to meet, and this collapse away from the evil. At this time, the groom's home door closed, the bride shall call several times "Mom open the door!" After the male family will open the door to meet the bride, this is called "closed sex", the purpose is to let the bride in-laws have no temper. After that, drummers and ceremonial deacons into the courtyard, sedan chair will sedan chair heart out, the bride's uncle, cousins and so on but also out of the sedan chair heart out of 2 people to carry to the door of the hall. Bride out of the sedan chair, the groom will be placed in the wedding hall of the eight immortal table in the bucket out of the bow and arrow to the bride did not uncover the false shooting 3 times, the bride from the in-laws prepared in advance of the fire pit above the step over, these are intended to drive away evil spirits to avoid disasters. "Mom example of children" more people also want to let the whole people will be on the table of the vase and willow sedan chair heart sub-mouth for the bride to hold a little, to pray for peace, life and prosperity. The bride does not uncover the head, and umbrella fan to cover up the light of the open sky, feet into the bridal chamber on the red felt, to show that the new head of the sun, the feet do not dip in the mud and dirt. The groom's family specifically arranged for people responsible for pouring red felt. Pour red felt and the old custom of passing the sack of the same meaning, take "succession" meaning.

The bride stepped into the bridal chamber, the groom shall be red, green scarf traction, red and green scarf is two pieces of silk square scarf tied together, male and female green, symbolizing the "red flowers to be green leaves with", showing the supremacy of men's family status. The groom's family to the bride and groom on the sorghum, grain, beans and money, fruit, etc., wishing them many children and good fortune, food and clothing. This custom has now been changed to sprinkle colorful electric confetti or spray gelatin ribbons.

The timing of the marriage is different in ancient and modern times. In the old days, it was customary to marry a daughter-in-law in the morning and a widow in the afternoon. Since the emergence of civilized marriage in the 1920s, it was changed to marrying a daughter-in-law in the afternoon and widow remarriage only in the morning. Today's suburban counties and other areas of the marriage customs, still in accordance with the old rules, the morning to marry a daughter-in-law.

Eight, worship

Worship, also known as "worship heaven and earth". Generally held in the hall. The layout of the Hall of Happiness requires auspicious red-hot, facing the wall with "and the two immortals" hanging in the Hall of the scroll, on both sides of the auspicious phrases, common such as "colorful phoenixes and luan dance, pearl flowers and jade tree cross-branching," and so on. Eight Immortals table for heaven and earth God 祃儿, printed on a colorful old man in a car, and "heaven and earth dragon car" words. The table also provides a wooden square board with red cotton paper paste over the bucket filled with sorghum, the middle of a piece of horizontal board with holes, inserted three arrows on the cross-bound a bow, the bow with a red silk tie on a copper mirror, another inserted scales 1, arbitrageur 1, arbitrageur are separated from the other inserted, which is said to "bow and arrow board bucket", a metaphor for the fairness and uprightness. On each side of the bow and arrow board bucket, there is a red paper-pasted wicker liter, one of which is labeled with a double happiness word liter is called "treasure bottle". On the table, there are also fruits and apples with the characters for "blessing," "fortune," "longevity," and "happiness," which are called "Fruit of Happiness". Another large incense burner is placed in the center, with a pair of wax skewers on both sides, and burning red dragon and phoenix gold candles. The wedding hall is surrounded by tents given by friends and relatives, usually arranged by the teahouse according to the seniority of the person giving the tent, the order of affinity. The tents are often decorated with auspicious phrases such as "a match made in heaven" and "a perfect match made in heaven". All the decorations on the wedding hall are labeled with red double happiness character paper cuttings.

The time of the ceremony is chosen by the astrologer. When paying homage, the bridegroom and groom stand side by side in front of the offering table, paying homage to heaven and earth, ancestors and parents, and then the couple pays homage to each other.

Waixi words of words auspicious and festive, and rhyme, such as "a piece of sandalwood, carved into a saddle, the newcomer out of the sedan chair nobleman assisted, laying the red felt, pour red felt, a pour pour to the front of the Hall of Happiness. The couple pays homage to the Jade Emperor and enjoys peace and prosperity. The couple worships each other for more auspicious celebrations, and they go into the bridal chamber to tie the knot of good relations.

When kowtowing, firecrackers were set off outside the wedding hall to celebrate. QuanKeRen will be heaven and earth god 祃儿 removed, along with yellow money paper carts to the courtyard and passed to parents, parents into the fire pot to incinerate, kowtow to send God.

Nine, sitting tent

After sending the gods, the whole can take down the scales from the board on the bucket, so that the groom will use it to pick the bride's head off the cover, called "picking the cover width of the child". After that, the scale pole is still inserted in the bucket, and at this time, the gold star on the pole should face outward. QuanKeRen should recite a happy song: "a lift curtains to lift the box, the bride and groom to follow in ......" to lead the two newcomers into the bridal chamber. Newlyweds sitting side by side on the chair, sitting who are very careful to fear that their dress is the other side of the pressure (this is beforehand by the family's QuanKeRen told good), so as not to be angry in the future. Afterwards, they ****drink the cup of wine. The cup is made from a coconut ladle tied with a red velvet rope. Later, also used to drink brown sugar water, are to show that a hundred years of goodwill, that is, as the ancient book said, "with the prison and eat, drink with the same vessel," the legacy of the idea. At this time, but also with the children and grandchildren rice. The bride should be hung on the chest of a red silk rice sheet (because the wedding dress is rented, the rich family is also high-priced customized, it is doubly cared for). The groom to take off his coat, hat, change the hat. The groom's family (usually the mother-in-law) with a pair of red lacquer gold or engraved with dragon and phoenix motifs of the "children and grandchildren chopsticks", clamped "children and grandchildren bowl" in the small dumplings sent to the bride's mouth, dumplings are more than half-cooked, commonly known as "children and grandchildren The dumplings are mostly half-cooked, commonly known as "Zisun" (子孙), and at this point, the surrounding crowd asks, "Is it raw?" The bride will immediately answer, "Sang!" This mouth color to wish the newlyweds early children, reflecting the concept of people's children and good fortune. This set of rituals collectively known as "fm radio", commonly known as "sitting tent".

Ten, open face

Open face is a sign to identify a woman married or not married. Quan Ke people use silk thread to the bride's face sweat hair twisted away, so also known as "twisted face". After a peeled egg in the bride's face rolled a few times, and then re-apply the powder. Remove the sedan chair before wearing in the ears of the "lilac", for long earrings with jewelry. After the open face, to be combed on the head when the small bun broken open comb, and inserted to wear a variety of jewelry, in addition to other top of the gold hairpins, but also inserted a point Cui inlaid with jewels of the small round flower inlay, also known as the "crown". Its diameter is only four or five centimeters, the relationship between the status of women. When the big families have concubinage style, all rely on the crown to identify the first commoner, non-marriageable and then favored shall not wear a crown and wear a big red skirt and cloak. If the husband has an official title, according to her husband's rank, the first wife in the crown with tiny tops and plumes. In the event of a wedding or birthday party, they all wear them to show their status.

Eleven, the taboo

The bride in the welcome into the door, to sit on the bed next to the children and grandchildren lamps, 3 days without the bed. This period of time friends and relatives can enter the bridal chamber "to see the new man", but outside the bridal chamber must be guarded by a person, one by one, ask for the Chinese zodiac, not allowed to have the stars of the Chinese zodiac calculated by a certain number of people (that is, the so-called taboo three-phase, according to the bride's phases of the projected. If the bride belongs to the cow, the cow is ugly, under the Yin, will be jealous of Yin Hu, Wu Ma, Hundred Days Dog three phases), pregnant women, married less than 1 month of women or are in mourning to enter the bridal chamber, known as the "taboo people".

Twelve, master on the soup

Evening, the groom's home to feast, guests are allowed to drink, guessing orders, a drunkenness, commonly known as "drinking wine". Special attention should be paid to entertain the bride's family. Banquet of the first table should be invited to the woman's family, friends and relatives first. The bride's brother, brother for the guest, the groom's family should be extraordinarily respectful, do not dare to neglect. The table of the last soup must also be the main stove masters personally served, at this time, the bride's family of the officiating person on behalf of the bride's family to thank the masters, to say hard, at the same time, will be equipped with the gift of money to the masters of the red seal.

Thirteen, the cave

The cave, is the day of the wedding following the second climax after the worship. After the banquet, must first let 2 pairs of seven or eight-year-old boy and girl into the cave. After that, people will be able to flock to the cave, known as the "sulk new daughter-in-law", "tease daughter-in-law" or "captive (light tone de) daughter-in-law", as a way to express congratulations to the bride and groom's new marriage. At this time, regardless of the size of the generation, as much as possible to play, there are no taboos, there are "three days without size", "the more you make fun, the more you make fun," said.

At this time, the bride's mother's family left behind to accompany the house mother (mostly maids) to the bridal party to be entertained, begging for forgiveness. At first, usually the bride sitting on the bed without moving, everything by the accompanying room mother for the entertainment, and later slowly evolved into the bride and groom **** with the entertainment guests.

The bridegroom picks up the bride's head with a weighing rod at the time of the wedding ceremony

Fourteen, warmed up

Warmed up, in fact, is the Tianjin localized spreading of the tent ceremony, the mother-in-law invited the whole people responsible for the new bed warmed up, commonly known as "warmed up", and will be jujubes, chestnuts, peanuts, three kinds of food sprinkled on the bedside under the bed, while sprinkled with While reading a happy song: "a handful of chestnuts and a handful of jujube, daughter and child running around", "peanut and peanut flowers to birth, jujube and chestnut (morning after the child) to flowers to birth", so as to wish the new couple early childbearing and more births, children and daughters. After spreading the quilt, the whole people should take the tin lamp over, add full of sesame oil, mixed with some honey, and then renewed lamps on the grass lit, said "honey in the oil", meaning husband and wife and the meaning of beauty. After that, put a stool in front of the lamp, put a copper basin on it, put the tin lamp in the basin, called read "copper basin Luo tin lamp, feed the children called Lian Sheng ......" joyful words to read to a certain content, the people concerned should also be matched with the action. Such as the full Keren said "aunt to take the basin, the first nephews," the happy song, the groom's sister or sister will be the newlyweds night with the urinal to the bridal chamber; if it is the sister-in-law to the end of the in, the new sister-in-law must pay the happy money.

When all the rituals of warming up have been done, the QuanKe people will blow out all the watchers and let the newlyweds rest. Because the oil lamp in the basin could not be extinguished and had to be fiddled with or refilled from time to time, the bride mostly sat by the bucket, and the groom had to lie down with his clothes on.

Fifteen, eat the bride's family meal

The bride in the bridal chamber after 3 days can not get off the bed. And are not allowed to eat the in-laws of the meal food, must be sent by his mother's family every day a table of wine and food. Each table of the bride's family wine and food are arranged in accordance with the rules, such as the first day is sent by parents, called "with the meal" or "first table meal", is with the bride on the sedan chair to bring; the second day is sent by aunts; the third day of the brothers and other peers to send. With the meal comes a red gift card that can be folded into four, on which is written the word "Full Fortune", and on the inside cover is written "I would like to set up a wedding banquet to become a table, and I would like to apply for the honor of cooking", and on the bottom it is written "Scopolamine for a certain county". This custom shows the family's attachment and love for the married girl. And, the meal sent are very rich, including 16 dishes, 4 big bowls, 6 small bowls, commonly known as "on the seat". 16 dishes are divided into 4 dry, 4 fresh, 4 meat, 4 point **** 16 kinds of food. Most of the staple food to the noodle-based, take "longevity" meaning. As the bride 3 days without going to the ground, so most do not dare to eat more food and drink more water, so as not to be inconvenient. In order to satisfy hunger, only eat some chestnuts, bananas, apples and other dried fruit, or symbolically eat a few noodles. Mother-in-law during this period should also be prepared for the bride 4 apples, take the harmonic "four flat eight stable" meaning, and in the receipt of "on the seat" gift, in the name of the hostess to write a four-fold red thank you post, to express the gratitude of the maternal family.