A local folk festival lasting more than 300 years: Xiamen Tiangong Sheng?

In Taoism, the ninth day of the first lunar month is the birthday of the Jade Emperor, and all Taoist temples hold ceremonies on this day. In Fujian and Taiwan Province, the ninth day of the first month is also called the "heavenly descent", and people prepare all kinds of sacrifices for sacrifice. Among them, the "Tiangong Sheng" in Xiamen is unique, so let the traditional festivals introduce it to you.

The "providence" activity in Xiamen, Fujian Province has a history of more than 300 years. On this day, every household will burn incense and hang lanterns, file a confession, and sincerely respect "God's will". There is also an interesting historical legend about this custom. It is said that more than 300 years ago, the Qing army attacked southern Fujian, and Zheng successfully gave up the two islands of Jin and Xia in a weak situation.

In that year1February, the Qing government issued two orders: First, the people of the whole country required every household to put on lanterns at the first day of the first month to finish the festival; One is the "hair-shaving order", which requires people to change their habit of keeping all their hair. At that time, people all over the country were unwilling to change the habit of having full hair, thinking that cutting hair was a sign of treason and unfilial, so a struggle against shaving was quickly launched.

Due to the strong opposition of the people, the order to light and tie lights on the first day of the first month was not implemented, so the Qing government had to announce the cancellation of the "haircut order" on the eighth day of the first month. People in Xiamen and neighboring counties were very happy after hearing the news. On the ninth day of the first month, they all slaughtered pigs and sheep, lit lanterns, incense and fired guns to celebrate the victory in the struggle against the "haircut order".

However, officials in the Qing Dynasty became suspicious when they learned about the people's celebration activities, so they asked what festival it was, so the people cleverly deceived them, saying that it was to celebrate God's birthday and celebrated it every year. Over time, it has formed a custom, even the government in southern Fujian is no exception, so the ninth day of the first month has become a festival to celebrate God's life. Many old Minnan people attach as much importance to this day as the Spring Festival.

In Xiamen, you should start preparing for worshipping God early. In the past, people had to put a clean square table with a table color tied on it the night before worshipping God. There is no strict requirement for the placement of square tables. Some people put it in the yard, some people put it at the gate, and some people put it directly in the hall, but the table must be placed on the horizontal bar, which is different from eating.

Because God is different from other gods, there are two low chairs (called God Chairs) under the square table. There are coarse grains, six vegetarian meals, "rice" and vases on the table of the Eight Immortals. Next to the table of the Eight Immortals, there are two piano chairs for animals such as pigs, sheep and cocks that have just been slaughtered.

At the beginning of the worship, the host held incense, kneeled nine times to Tian San, burned gold and silk in the sky, and finally set off firecrackers. When you meet a big happy event, you should move the gift to the sky to show your sincerity. Worship to God usually ends around five o'clock in the morning, that is, before the sun rises to heaven. It is forbidden to worship God after dawn.

What kind of turtle shell, hair cake, brown sugar turtle shell and big hair cake are sacrifices to the gods in Xiamen, and they are essential to sacrifice to the gods. Rock candy, spring candy, inch dates and wax gourd strips are also auspicious things to worship God.

Although the traditional "three animals" refer to horses, cows and sheep, Minnan people living by the sea often use cocks, fish and pork instead. "Five fruits" refers to five kinds of fruits, generally carambola, fragrant pear, orange, citrus and apple. Apple means "peace"; In addition, sugar cane should be prepared to symbolize "rising sun"; In addition, there is pineapple, which is homophonic "Wanglai" in Minnan dialect. As for Liuzhai, each family has different habits. There are packaging materials such as Flammulina velutipes and yuba on the market, which can be purchased directly.

Gladiolus, chrysanthemum, lily gladiolus, chrysanthemum and perfume lily are the "old three" commonly used by Xiamen people to worship gods in recent years.

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