What are the differences between Chinese and western educational concepts?

Education in our country makes students study hard and improve. China students have been surrounded by a strong learning atmosphere since childhood. Driven by pressure, no one will choose comfort in the face of fierce competition. Because the answer to the exam question is unique, if you don't answer according to what the teacher says and what is written in the book, it is definitely wrong, so that students don't study why, which becomes a study habit. One idea of western countries is to study why we should study, which is a habit, so that we can innovate. First, the main problems existing in the concept of school education in China compared with that in the West 1. The concept of knowledge is out of date, and we pay more attention to the accumulation of knowledge rather than the application of knowledge in American schools for one week. We can finish it in just ten minutes. Because of the fast progress, there are many knowledge points taught in the course, but our fast progress comes at a price, that is, the whole process of hands-on production is omitted, so our students will not taste success or experience failure like American students; I don't know if there are many difficulties in operating according to the procedures in the book, including whether the performance of the material meets the test requirements and whether there are errors in the specific operation details. In the whole process of doing it yourself, students must think, choose, find the reasons for failure and overcome all kinds of difficulties. The truth learned in this way is not just an abstract definition in books, but a life truth mixed with one's own personal experience and real experience. 2. The core feature of attaching importance to individuality while ignoring individuality is uniqueness, which is based on individual differences. But for a long time, our education has paid more attention to sex than individuality, and one of the important contents of education is to instill the social concept that individuals obey the collective. Require individuals to be consistent with everyone at any time and anywhere. Classes and schools are collective material carriers, and individuals have learned to suppress themselves under the constraints of the management system of classes and schools. Collectivism eliminates individualism, but also some creative personality traits with strong personality. Reflected in teaching, the school has stipulated a unified teaching schedule, and students passively adapt to teachers. Students who learn quickly and have strong acceptance have to "wait" and force themselves to continue listening to what they have understood in class. At the same time, students with slow learning speed and poor acceptance have to "catch up" under the requirement of unified teaching progress, while students who are struggling to "catch up" often lose time for entertainment or even rest. In a word, our school education ignores the existence of individual differences and uses shoes of one size for all students. The result must be that some people want to wear big shoes with little feet, and some people want to cut their feet to fit their shoes. Reflected in the examination, a school, even a district, a city adopts a standard, a model and a test paper. The examination form is relatively simple, that is, the closed-book written examination method. Under the unified standards of the school, students are deprived of the opportunity to develop their personal potential reasonably and effectively, and at the same time, their curiosity, freshness and spontaneous learning motivation will disappear. Therefore, the weakest point of the students trained by our education is the lack of innovative consciousness. 3. The lack of tolerance and democracy in the concept of educational management. Lack of tolerance in school education and teaching management is an important restrictive factor to stifle individual innovation. This restriction not only inhibits the development of individual innovative thinking in the form of social control from the external perspective, but also inhibits the generation of individual innovative thinking in the form of thinking habits from the internal perspective. China's primary and secondary education management mainly has the following problems. (1) authoritative management. In dealing with the relationship between teachers and students, oriental education advocates the absolute authority of teachers and ignores the initiative and enthusiasm of students; In class management, strict rules and regulations are taken as the starting point of educating students, and the cultivation of students' self-care ability is neglected; In the way of educating students, they are accustomed to moral preaching and criticism, but not to frank consultation; In dealing with the relationship between teaching and learning, teachers mainly talk alone, and teachers and students are not used to discussing and answering questions together. The traditional education in China is "strict teachers make excellent students". "Strictness" is the prominent feature of teachers' management of students in our country, while the strong authority of teachers and the strong obedience of students are the prominent features of the relationship between teachers and students in the basic education stage in our country. Authoritative management is suitable for exam-oriented education, so it meets the practical needs of current education. What exam-oriented education needs is to tap students' learning potential, accumulate or remember as much information as possible in the shortest time, and the strong pressure from authority can force students to concentrate in a short time, eliminate all distractions, and obtain the best effect of short-term memory with explosive power. However, it also makes it difficult for students to form not only democratic spirit and equality consciousness, but also independent consciousness, right consciousness and responsibility consciousness, resulting in the development trend of strong dependence, low choice ability and lack of objective judgment, which makes it impossible for individuals to correctly understand and evaluate themselves and others. These defects ultimately limit the individual's independent development and the development of creative potential. (2) Overdiscipline. Full-house irrigation is a traditional feature of classroom teaching in China, and the classroom is a forum for teachers rather than students. Its root lies in ignoring students' autonomy in teaching activities, not paying attention to cultivating students' autonomous consciousness, not taking students as the creative subject of learning knowledge, but only as the container of passively accepting knowledge. Students should raise their hands before speaking in class, that is, whether students have the opportunity to speak depends on the teacher's permission. It's against class discipline to talk without raising your hand. Therefore, it is precisely when children have the most courage to express their opinions that their desire to express themselves is suppressed, and it is precisely when they are most likely to cultivate their ability to express themselves that their opportunities to express themselves are limited. Second, adapt to the new situation, establish new ideas and cultivate creative talents 1. Establish a new view of knowledge. In 1996, the World Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development published the report "Knowledge Economy", which gave a new definition to the form of knowledge. Knowledge can be abbreviated into four categories: knowing what it is (know-what), knowing why (know-why), knowing how to do it (know-how) and knowing who has knowledge (know-who). These four classifications of knowledge mean that knowledge can be divided into four basic areas: first, knowledge about "what" belongs to knowledge that describes facts; The second is the knowledge about "why", which belongs to the knowledge of exploring the basic principles of natural and social phenomena; The third is the knowledge about how to do it, which belongs to the knowledge of operation, experiment and skill; The fourth is the knowledge about "where it originated", which belongs to the knowledge of finding the source of information and knowledge. The first two kinds of knowledge have always been the main contents of school education in our country, while the latter two kinds of knowledge are the educational contents lacking in our education. The new concept of knowledge warns us that the importance of practical activities deserves special emphasis, and both schools and society should change the concept of attaching importance to knowledge accumulation and neglecting knowledge application. Philosophers have said that "knowledge is power". So the more knowledge, the better? Knowledge is the foundation of power, but if we only store it, we won't have any power. If knowledge really becomes the source of infinite power, we must pursue the application of knowledge and theoretical innovation. The accumulation of knowledge is just a pile of loose sand, and the creative application of knowledge makes it have infinite power. The focus of education should shift from imparting ready-made knowledge to cultivating learning ability and absorbing information processing ability and creativity. To make a breakthrough, we must improve and innovate the basic educational concept, that is, encourage individuality and innovation. 2. Pay attention to students' personality differences, and teach students in accordance with their aptitude * * * Sex education is easy to manage, but the obliteration of personality does not help to cultivate creativity and improve innovation ability, and it does not help social progress and historical development. In view of the differences in students' abilities, the school's teaching system should be flexible, such as arranging different teaching schedules for the same course, so that students can choose the appropriate schedule; Class settings should not be too rigid, and they can flow freely; We can also consider setting up a system of skipping and demoting all students in all grades, including allowing skipping and demoting a single subject. Even in the same class, students who have already understood the course should be allowed to read other books and even go out to play. From the perspective of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, schools should keep the homework timely and appropriate, with strong pertinence, and divide it into different grades according to students' ability, so that students can choose their own homework forms and workload, and students can do their homework according to their own situation. When evaluating students, we should combine test scores with grade comments. Even if students are evaluated only by exams, they should take various forms of exams, such as written exams, operational exams, closed-book exams, open-book exams, etc. 3. Create a democratic and tolerant school education environment. Mr. Tao Xingzhi said that "the best condition for creation is a democratic and harmonious atmosphere." The democratic and harmonious atmosphere makes students feel free and relaxed, and their creativity can be brought into full play. Promote communication between teachers and students. The so-called "strict teachers make excellent students" need not be respectful. For thousands of years, the unequal relationship between teachers and students has seriously hindered the further development of the relationship between teachers and students. "Be strict with yourself" has become an almost unchanging truth. In this way, the atmosphere of a cooperative group's study and research was destroyed for no reason. Teachers have a lofty position in the hearts of the broad masses of the people, but they should also be their friends and teachers. In the aspect of classroom teaching system, we should really change the situation that teachers have more activities and students have less activities in school education. Over the years, although the country has repeatedly emphasized the reform of teaching methods and implemented heuristic teaching, observing the classroom teaching of the whole society, it basically maintains the traditional model-teachers speak and students listen. Although there are experiments of new teaching methods from time to time, the amount is small and the impact is small. In order to cultivate students' creativity, we should encourage students to question and solve problems. Teachers should give students enough time to think and wait patiently for their answers. It is particularly important to encourage students to find problems, ask questions and motivate students to find answers to them. If students can get answers directly through observation, teachers must provide observation opportunities. If you can get the answer through your own operation, the teacher must provide opportunities for students to try and find the answer to the question. Therefore, it is far from enough to really mobilize students' initiative and enthusiasm in learning and change the face of classroom teaching. The state should make provisions on policies to ensure that students can ask questions and have time for self-study. The distribution of this time ratio should be treated differently in different grades. At the same time, different disciplines should also grasp the proportion of teacher-student activity time.