What are the common methods of plant cell culture?

Plant tissue culture includes dedifferentiation and redifferentiation.

1. Cells of explants (cultured tissue pieces-leaf fragments, shoot tips, young embryos, etc. Or cell-wall-removed mesophyll cells) resume division and form a large number of cell-callus. This process is dedifferentiation. Because mature cells are separated from the state of mature cells and return to a state similar to embryonic stage, it is called dedifferentiation.

2. Induce callus cells to differentiate into roots, stems, leaves and other organs, and even form embryoids (somatic embryos) similar to embryos in seeds. This process is called redifferentiation.