What are some ancient Chinese inventions?

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Sun Storms - the earliest sunspots discovered A star was in the Big Dipper - the observation of comets Illumination of the Sun - the record of solar eclipses Sun, Moon and Stars - the lunar and solar calendar --The oldest star catalog in the world - Shi's Star Catalog The earliest and most complete calendar work in existence - The Tai Chou Calendar Tugui Measurement of the Sun's Shadow The Stars Falling Like Rain --Observations of meteor swarms The armillary sphere, an instrument for demonstrating the apparent motion of celestial bodies China's oldest time-keeping instrument, the kettle's funnel Geodetic measurements. -The Meridian Measurement The Calendar Revolution - Shen Kuo's Twelve Air Calendar The Wonders of Science - Guo Shoujing's Invention and Development of Astronomical Instruments The Best Calendar in Ancient China - Guo Shoujing's Timing Instruments. -The best calendar in ancient China - Guo Shoujing's "Calendar of the Time" Zhou Gong's Observation - the setting of astronomical observatory The earliest mathematical monograph in China - Zhou Thighs Calculating Scripture Precise calculation - The Nine Chapters of the Art of Computing The Nine Chapters of the Mathematical Art of Operations - Zero and Calculation Decimal Notation The Chinese Remainder Theorem - The Art of Finding One in the Dayan Zuchongzhi and Circumference Jia Xian's Triangle The One Dollar Higher Multiplication - The Art of the Heavenly Elements Zhu Shijie and his Four Elements of Yujian The Double Hypothesis Method - Surplus and Deficit Technique Applications of Levels and Palletization China - Home of the Abacus The Magic of the Magnet - The Invention of the Compass The Mojing and the The First Law of Motion The Incense Burner and the Stand Magnetic Declination and Inclination Measuring Tools - Vernier Calipers Projections Slides - Walking Lamps Mysterious Reflections Strange Mirrors - Transmissive Mirrors The World's Earliest Periscope The World's Earliest Periscope The World's First Periscope The world's earliest periscope The world's earliest artificial magnetization - the guiding fish Outstanding piece of machinery - the guiding car The invention of gunpowder The invention of matches The invention of lacquer and lacquerware China - the world's most famous porcelain Porcelain Oil and natural gas Burning stone - development and utilization of coal Zhang Heng's geodesic instrument Earliest anemometer Clouds to the west Rain without ploughs - cloud observation and cloud atlas Temperature and precipitation instruments Weather forecasts Ancient climatic calendar China's earliest water conservancy project - Dujiangyan The earliest water conservancy project in China--Dujiangyan Diversion of Jingjing to Luoyang--Zhengguo Canal The water conservancy project linking north and south--Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal The earliest water level station in China--Fuling Shiyu China The earliest tidal chart, Dou Shumeng's "Tao Shi Tu", a masterpiece of ancient geography, "Shui Jing Ji", was written in the Bronze Age, when copper was mined. -The earliest botanical records-- "Southern Herbology", grasses, plants, fish, insects, birds and animals-- classification of plants and animals. Brewing and Brewing The Jade in the Mountains - Plant Prospecting Jia Si Fo and the Essentials of Qi Min - The Distinctive Book of Wang Zhen's Agriculture - Precision Farming and the Abundance of Grains Tea Cultivation and Tea Culture - Mulberry Silkworm Techniques - The Valley of the World --Cultivation of leguminous plants and leguminous foods Xu Guangqi's Complete Book of Agricultural Politics Good deeds, good tools - the invention of the iron plough The static seeder - the triangular columbarium The field-raising tool --Fan cart Water irrigation machine - keeled waterwheel Two benefits and ten times more crops - Mulberry fishponds The inner garden has been given warm soup water and melons have been brought in by the middle of February. -Cultivation techniques Underground channels - Kanye wells Looking at the color of Qi Hou - the diagnostic and therapeutic techniques of Chinese medicine Zhang Zhongjing's "Treatise on Typhoid and Miscellaneous Diseases" Shennong tasted a hundred herbs. -Chinese herbs to cure diseases Fuxi made nine needles -Acupuncture therapy Huatuo's anesthesia -MaZeosan Immunization method -Species of pox Nutrition and prolongation of life --Hormone Extraction Iron Smelting Technology Steel Smelting - Various Steelmaking Techniques Smelting of Brass and Zinc Chinese Silver - Smelting of Nickel Containing Copper and its Transmission to the West Hydrometallurgy --Three major casting techniques Grain processing tools - water pestles and water mills The earliest vehicles to record mileage - the kilometer drum carts Riding across the country - the hoofing technique and horse stirrups -The invention of horseshoeing and stirrups, the invention of the saw and planing umbrella, the Great Dragon, the Great Wall of China, the Eighth Wonder of the World, the Terracotta Warriors and Horses, and the ingenious craftsmanship of bridges and bridges of all styles. -Bridges with unique styles. 100,000 houses like chess games, 12 streets like vegetable beds. -Shanxi Yingxian Wooden Pagoda Mystery of the Unsinkable Boat - Watertight Compartments Canal Locks The Wind Rises and Cars Fly - Sails and Sail Cars The Flyer's Treasure - Parachutes The Treasure of the Waves The Parachute The Rudder, the Treasure of the Wave The Scull, the Highly Efficient Propulsion Tool A Feat of Sailing History - Zheng He's Journey to the West Ocean "The Beginning of Model Aeronautics - Kites Astronomy and Geomatics Horizontal Rotors and Propellers Gunpowder and Gunpowder Weapons - The Enemy of the Knightly Classes The Art of War - Sun Tzu's The Art of War Chariots and Ships Colorful Cold Weapons A Milestone in the Development of Human Civilization - The Invention of Papermaking Engraving and Printing The Highest Achievement of Engraving and Printing - Color Overlay Printing Color overprinting Clay movable-type printing technology Wooden movable-type printing and character checking plates The earliest paper money in the world - the Chinese currency The earliest architectural monograph in China - "The Legal Forms of Construction" Rayon and primitive textile technology The hand-cranked and foot-pedal spinning wheel The loom and the jacquard machine Dyes and dyeing China's first China's earliest collection of poetry, the Classic of Poetry China's earliest chronicle, the Spring and Autumn Annals China's first chronicle, the Shiji China's earliest treatise on literary theory, the Wenxin Diao Long (文心雕龙), which is the first book on the theory of literature in China. --China's first chronicle - "Tongjian jiyebenmian" China's largest ancient encyclopedia - "Yongle Daxian" China's ancient book binding form China's oldest writing system - "Shijing". Form The oldest Chinese writing--Oracle Bone Script Bronze and Golden Script The standard script of the Qin Dynasty--Small Seal Script The beginning of today's writing--Clerical Script The flying strokes of the brush are expressive and direct. --Cursive Script, with its flowing strokes and flowing forms, Running Script, a perfectly structured script, Regular Script, the cornerstone of China's documentary linguistics. -The Shuowen Jiezi (Explaining Characters in Shuo Wen), a treasure of national culture, the Four Treasures of the House of Letters. Cave art and Dunhuang murals, outstanding works of art of the Tang Dynasty, Tang San Cai (Three Colors of the Tang Dynasty), neatness of form and harmony of tone. -The Song Lyrics The Long History of Chinese Musical Instruments Zhu Jaiyu and the Twelve Mean Rhythms The Famous Zenghouyi Bells The First Chinese Monograph Introducing the Works of Opera Writers - The Book of Recorded Ghosts The Sheng, Dan, Jing and Chou --Traditional Chinese Opera Yuanqu and Guan Hanqing Ancient Chinese Health Exercise - Five Animal Feasts Chinese Kung Fu - Wushu Ancient Chinese Football - Cuju Ancient Chess Game -Ancient Chinese Football - Cuju Ancient Chess Game - Chinese Chess The Wonderful World of Black and White - Weiqi Paper-making is one of the four great inventions of ancient China. The Water Transportation Observatory, built at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty under the auspices of Su Song, is a large astronomical instrument and a great scientific and technological achievement of ancient China with worldwide influence. The invention of mosquito incense may be related to the ancient hygienic practice of the Dragon Boat Festival and the custom of burning incense for rituals. Black powder, compass, printing. The dawn of human civilization - fire The earliest long-range weapon of mankind - the bow and arrow The earliest tool of mankind - the stone tool The greatest contribution of Chinese medicine to the world is its practical technique of prevention and treatment of diseases . China is an ancient country of mathematics. The Nine Chapters of the Mathematical Art and the Nine Chapters of the Mathematical Art are ancient mathematical masterpieces. China is also an ancient country of astronomy. China was the first country in the world to have written records of celestial events such as sunspots, Halley's Comet and supernovas. In addition to the four major inventions of papermaking, compass, gunpowder and movable-type printing, the four new major inventions of traditional Chinese medicine, the decimal value system, the equatorial coordinate system, and the engraved printing press, there are many other ancient Chinese inventions that have influenced the world's scientific and technological development, such as porcelain, silk, metal smelting and casting, and deep plowing, that can be listed. The 24 solar terms can be called the fifth major invention in ancient China Many new advances have also been made in physics, chemistry and biology. Our ancestors created two golden ages in ancient China when science and technology flourished. China is a traditional agricultural country, water conservancy is the lifeblood of agriculture, only before the Tang Dynasty in ancient times, large-scale water conservancy projects are Dujiangyan, Zhengguo canal, Lingqu, Longshou canal, Beijing navigation Grand Canal and so on. The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal built by the Sui Dynasty was the earliest and longest navigation canal in the world. These projects were unparalleled in medieval Europe in terms of their scale of construction, technical level, and benefits for agricultural irrigation, navigation, and transportation. Mozi, a representative of the Mohist school of thought during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods, put forward geometric concepts such as point, line, square and circle in his book "Mozijing". In the book "Zhou Thigh Calculus", the arithmetic method of the theorem of hook and strand was already in place. Written in the Han Dynasty, the "Nine Chapters of Arithmetic" *** contains 246 solutions to application problems, which is very rich in content, and has made high achievements in arithmetic, algebra, etc., especially in solving real-world problems, which is far better than the ancient Greek mathematical system. The pi calculated by Zu Chongzhi with the "Circle Cutting Technique" is so precise that it is in the leading position in the world. What needs to be mentioned in particular is our country's outstanding contribution to the development of world civilization in ancient times - the "Four Great Inventions", which condensed the wisdom and creativity of the ancient working people of our country. The compass was invented more than two thousand years ago during the Warring States period. At that time, people ground natural magnets into the shape of a spoon and put them on a smooth plane to point out the north-south direction, and this kind of compass was called "Sinan". In the Northern Song Dynasty, artificial magnetization was used to make compasses. In 1044, Zeng Gongliang edited the book "General Strategy of Wu Jing", which recorded the manufacturing method of "Guide Fish". The great scientist Shen Kuo further explained the method of making compasses by magnetizing iron needles in Mengxi Bianan. Soon after its invention, the compass was used for navigation, guiding Chinese ocean-going fleets on routes in the South Pacific and Indian Oceans, and in the twelfth century it was introduced to Arabia and later to Europe. The invention of papermaking, which the Chinese laborers learned from their experience in bleaching and composting hemp, began in the Western Han Dynasty. The ancient paper of the Western Han Dynasty unearthed at the Luobuzhuoerhan Beacon Flint Site in Xinjiang was made of vegetable fiber paper, which was still rough in texture. Cai Lun, who was in charge of the imperial handmade workshop in the Eastern Han Dynasty, improved the papermaking process by using rags, barks, and old hemp as raw materials to produce a batch of practical paper of relatively high quality on the basis of summing up the experience of craftsmen by virtue of his abundant manpower and material resources. Paper-making technology first spread to Korea and Vietnam, then to Japan in the seventh century, to Arabia in the eighth century, and to Europe in the thirteenth century. The invention of printing went through two stages, from engraving to movable type. Around the Sui Dynasty, the technique of engraving was invented, inspired by the method of topography used in seal and stone carvings. In the Northern Song Dynasty (around 1041-1049 A.D.), Bi Sheng, a civilian inventor, invented movable-type printing, which made movable characters out of clay and then typeset them for printing, which was economical and convenient and greatly improved efficiency, and was a major revolution in the history of printing. In the Yuan Dynasty, Wang Zhen successfully developed wooden movable type and invented the rotating wheel type frame. The invention of gunpowder began with alchemy. Alchemists in the process of alchemy, accidentally found that the ignition of nitrate, sulfur, charcoal as the main raw material of the mixture, will cause combustion and explosion. After the invention of gunpowder, it was used in the military, and as a result, it changed the face of war and the course of history. As Marx said: "Gunpowder blew the chivalric class to pieces". In the war against Jin in the Northern Song Dynasty, the Song army used powerful gunpowder weapons such as the "thunderbolt cannon" and the "heaven-shaking sound". In the late Song Dynasty, gunpowder sand guns and gunpowder cannons were invented. Gunpowder was introduced to India and Arabia by merchants from about 1225 to 1248, and later spread to the West. China's science and technology have been among the world's leaders for a long period of time. The purpose of revealing and exploring the origins of the scientific creations and inventions of our ancestors is to better inspire young people to be diligent in their studies and to forge ahead. Today, history has entered the age of audio-visual images, and the dissemination of knowledge and information is visual and intuitive. This book chooses the form of "picture-talk" to "picture" to show the historical style and various images, "words" narrative historical facts, graphic complementary, scenic and emotional to the readers to show the motherland thousands of years The development of civilization has made great achievements. Although this book is called "Ancient Chinese Inventions", but some of the entries are not strictly invention, such as some astronomical phenomena, our ancestors were the first to observe, belongs to the discovery of the content, but due to the practice of social production and people's daily life played an important role in the significance of the pioneering, we are also put in this book and tell. In addition, there are academic works that provide true and complete records and descriptions of inventions and creations in a certain field. The results of scientific research in history are mainly summarized and passed down through the writings, such as "Zhou Thigh Calculations", "Wang Zhen Agricultural Book" and so on. We also received in this book. For the same discipline, the content of similar academic works, we only choose to write a relatively early date, to introduce and tell. This book does not use the framework of the chronicle, basically according to astronomy, calendar, physics, chemistry, chemical engineering, geology, biology, agriculture, medicine, light industry, metallurgy and machinery, construction, navigation and aviation, military, culture and art of the order of the arrangement, but did not make a strict classification of some of the entries in the content of the intersection, such as: one of the four major inventions of gunpowder, the invention of gunpowder in the introduction of gunpowder weapons in the and have to deal with; For example, the cultivation of mulberry and silkworms is described in the Mulberry Fish Ponds, and further elaborated in the relevant entries on textiles. Our purpose is not only to take care of the convenience of narration, but also to enable readers to grasp the relevant knowledge more comprehensively and accurately. We have also focused on the content of the entries while making interchanges. China's traditional culture is profound and splendid, and many documents and books have been handed down. In the past, similar publications only introduced inventions and discoveries in the field of science and technology, but in fact, our ancestors also had unique inventions and creations in the field of social sciences, such as Chinese characters, poems and songs, music and ancient musical instruments, etc. They are all part of the development of human civilization. All of them are important parts of the development of human civilization and have played an important role in the development of society. For this reason, we have added a number of relevant entries in the social sciences, which is a unique feature of this book. In the selection of pictures, in addition to the display of artifacts, we also pay attention to the expression of ancient scientists in the writing, invention, and the social life of the scene, to show readers the indomitable scientific giants in the process of invention, a strange and interesting and touching stories, in order to enhance the sense of history and the art of infectious, so that readers will further appreciate the hardships of the inventor.

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