What are the six elements of musical beauty?

There are many opinions about the elements of music, such as "three elements", "six elements" and "seven elements". I prefer the view of "three elements". The following is some information found on the Internet for your discussion.

Musical elements

Beethoven has a thought-provoking famous saying: "Music should inspire the human spirit." By what means does music achieve such a strong effect? To sum up, it is mainly the language, structure and harmony of music. The language of music mainly refers to melody, the structure of music includes rhythm and form factors, and the harmony of music mainly refers to harmony. Therefore, people often regard "melody", "rhythm" and "harmony" as the most important elements of music. Musical aestheticians believe: "The inexhaustible melody is the primary image of musical beauty; Harmony has brought about various changes, which constantly provides a novel foundation; Rhythm makes the combination of the two lively, which is the lifeblood of music and adds color charm to diverse timbres. "

As the most important melody in the "three elements", it has the following functions: melody can simulate nature, such as running water and birdsong. Melody can also reflect life, for example, it can show the wall clock, alarm clock, Jason Chung and pocket watch in the watch shop, and it can also describe the scene of the craftsman whistling and developing the note in the watch shop. Melody can also express feelings, which is the best function of melody. Melody can also shape the image, which is the synthesis of the first three functions.

Rhythm is the skeleton of melody. It is the relationship between the lengths of organized sounds. The rhythm of rhythm comes from life, such as walking, swimming, tamping, hoeing, pulse, breathing, heartbeat, treadmill and so on. Every aspect of life contains rhythm factors. Although there are many kinds of rhythms, they can be summarized into three categories: long, short and combination of long and short.

Harmony refers to a multi-voice part in music, which is composed of different high and low voices simultaneously and harmoniously combined with each other. The application of harmony can make the main theme have a three-dimensional sense. As mentioned above, it can continuously provide a novel foundation for the development of music.

Music is called "a wonderful combination of sounds". Music is mainly composed of six elements, namely rhythm, melody, texture, shape, timbre and tonality.

1, rhythm

Rhythm is an aspect of music, which includes all the factors related to music progress (such as stress, beat and speed).

When listening to music, people can't help beating the rhythm, which reflects the priority of tunes. One element of rhythm is meter, which is defined as "rhythm measured and arranged systematically". Another element of rhythm is speed. Beats explain what accents are, but they don't explain how fast they are played. Common rhythm expressions are: big, solemn, slow, slow, slow, adagio, andante, andantino, medium board, allegro and allegro.

The use of rhythm has a great influence on music.

2. Melody

Melody is caused by some notes played continuously. Melody is what music wants to express and what people want to hear. Technically, people can create a melody with two notes, and we can hear two single notes from the calls of two different kinds of birds. People can hum, sing and blow out these two sounds without any other sound or accompaniment. Melody is always centered on a specific sound, which is the starting point, the core point and the end point, and all other sounds in a song are related to it.

It is easier to master the melody in some music works. Compared with the classical melody of Haydn's symphony, the romantic melody of Schumann's symphony is more passionate and can express personal feelings. A successful work doesn't have to adopt a strong melody, but a beautiful and easy-to-hum melody will always bring more joy to the ordinary amateur audience. Many people who have not studied or analyzed music are easily attracted by composers who are good at melody.

3. Structure

The melody is horizontal, the notes are one after another, and the structure is something attached to this note line. One way to get the structure is to use harmony. A person's voice can't be matched with "harmony" He needs a friend to sing with him, or a guitar to pluck. With harmony, music has depth. Melody is a series of musical sounds, but harmony is a simultaneous musical sound.

Structural chord means that three or more tones appear at the same time, which plays an important role in harmony. Chords involve not only the relationship between each chord and the melody it matches, but also the rhythm of chords and their relationship with each other.

In music works composed of melodies and chords, chords are often composed of "harmony" sounds, that is, pleasant, peaceful, non-irritating and stable music sounds. However, chords can also be composed of really harsh tones, which are constantly changing, namely "discordant", "active" and "unstable" tones. This dissonance chord is used by composers to create tension, while the harmony chord is used to relieve this tension. The rhythm from one chord to another is the whole connotation of harmony.

4. Form

This form of music is called the "architectural" form chosen by composers. Music needs a certain structure, and the music of each period embodies a specific musical form, reflecting the characteristics of the times, the understanding of music knowledge, the composer's skills and goals to be achieved, and the audience's appreciation taste.

The structure or mode of music can be rigorous or free. Rigorous musical form does not mean that composers lack imagination or originality, such as Bach, Mozart and Beethoven. The question is not what form to take, but what content to give to the form. For amateur music lovers, music with irregular patterns, structures or musical forms is not only difficult to keep up with ideas, but also difficult to understand, just like when we appreciate abstract sculptures and blank poems.

Some major music forms, such as symphony, are widely known because they are still popular, but some older music forms are unfamiliar to people. People in the music industry like to say that no matter what music form is adopted, the basic principle of the structure of music works is repetition and contrast.

The term "musical form" also includes vocal art forms, such as opera, oratorio, mass and oratorio.

5, timbre

Every instrument used in music performance has its own timbre. For example, flute and tuba have different timbres, although the two instruments play exactly the same notes. For example, there are dozens of different instruments in an orchestra, which are as many as the colors on the artist's palette. These timbres play an important role in orchestration, which is a method of composing music for an orchestra.

Russian romantic composer Rimsky-Korsakov said, "orchestration is a part of the soul of a work. An orchestra's work cannot be separated from a certain timbre. " Musicians sometimes like to equate various timbres with specific colors. For example, a clarinet can make a sound similar to a soft blue tone, while a trumpet makes a sound like a fiery red tone.

The timbre of various musical instruments is different, and the performance of personality is more prominent:

Violin-express all emotions

Viola-expressing deep sorrow

Cello-expresses all emotions, but it is stronger than violin.

Piccolo performance carnival

Oboe-expressing simple joy and sadness

Trumpet-the sound of boldness and bravery approaching cavalry.

Large size-shows strength and rough expansion

British tube-expressing hazy melancholy

Clarinet-the alto is smooth and soft.

Composers in The Romantic Period pay more attention to timbre, and make full use of timbre of different sounds of existing or possible musical instruments when telling stories and depicting emotions or events.

6. Tone

Tonality is difficult for amateur music lovers to understand. When we pluck a string, when it is plucked, it will emit a sound with a fixed collar rate, and the number of vibrations per second when the string is plucked is equal. The lowest note of the piano vibrates 30 times per second and the highest note vibrates 40 times per second. No matter how long the string is, the sound it makes when it is pulled out is almost the same as that of a string with half or twice the length. These two short or long strings make a higher or lower sound than the first string, respectively, but the sounds of the three strings are the same. A note on the piano, such as C, can find the same high note in the high-pitched part of the keyboard and the same low C in the low-pitched part. Hundreds of years ago, western composers divided the length of a string into 12 segments. Although you can't see it on the violin, you can find seven white keys and five black keys on the piano, which respectively represent the 12 tone used in western traditional music. Each key, whether white or black, is a semitone away from the adjacent key.

As we all know, seven white keys are named after the first seven letters of the alphabet. From A to G, each prominent black keys has two key names. Above the white key, it is called semitone, and vice versa. So in the keyboard diagram, C-sharp and D-sharp are the same black keys. The keyboard diagram also shows that the five white keys on the piano, namely A, C, D, F and G, all have a rising black keys on the right, while the other two B and E do not. The sound difference between two adjacent keys is still half a pitch, whether it is white, white and black, or black and white. So there is a whole tone difference between the A key (white key) and the B key (white key) because there is a black keys in the middle. Although both the E key and the F key are white keys, the difference is only a semitone, because there is no black keys in the middle. The pianist starts with a white C key and uses only seven white keys. We will hear the familiar "do-re-mi-fa-sol-la-ti-do" diatonic scale. Because he chose C as the starting point, and played only one piece with these keys, plus chords, then this piece is "C major" music. Unlike other keys, C major contains only white keys. If he only plays white keys, he is "completely loyal to tonality", and he has not "given up" or "lost" tonality. His work will be centered on the first note of the scale he chose, in this case, it is the C note, and this C note is the tonic. "Tonality" reflects the relationship between chords and harmony belonging to a key.

Basic elements of music: the basic elements of music refer to various elements that constitute music, including the level of sound, the length of sound, the strength of sound, timbre and so on. These basic elements combine with each other to form the common "formal elements" of music, such as rhythm, melody, harmony, strength, speed, mode, form and texture. The formal elements of music are the means of expression of music.

The order from low to high can be divided into:

1, rhythm: the rhythm of music refers to the length and strength of sound in music movement. The rhythm of music is often compared to the skeleton of music. Beat is the periodic and regular repetition of repetitive beats and weak beats in music. Traditional music in China calls the beat "board eye", and "board" is equivalent to strong beat; "Eye" is equivalent to the second strong beat (middle eye) or weak beat.

2. Intensity: the intensity of the midrange in music.

3. Speed: the speed of music.

4. Melody: the organized, rhythmic and harmonious movement of sound formed by artistic conception. Melody is the foundation of music, and the thoughts and feelings of music are expressed through it.

5. Harmony: Harmony includes "chord" and "harmonic progression". Chords are usually sound combinations formed by three or more notes overlapping vertically (simultaneously) according to certain rules. The transverse organization of chords is harmonic progression. Harmony has obvious functions of strong, light, thick and thin colors; It also has the functions of forming clauses, dividing paragraphs and ending music. Step up in the three-dimensional relationship.

6. Tonality: harmony produced on scales. There are 24 major (major = tonality) in the music industry.

7. Form: the horizontal organizational structure of music.

Note: The above materials are not original by myself, and all come from online search. The author is unknown. I apologize. .