What influence does China's geographical environment have on the formation of culture?

The Influence of Geographical Environment on the Formation and Continuation of China Culture

Due to the unique geographical location of China, in the Neolithic age, the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River had a mild climate and abundant rainfall, which was suitable for crop growth and human life, and became the most suitable area for the survival and reproduction of ancestors, and formed a large agricultural area at the earliest. China's dominant traditional culture, whether material or spiritual, is based on agricultural production. They were formed in agricultural areas and spread with the expansion of agricultural areas. Because China has a vast territory and a large latitude span, climate fluctuation generally only affects the north-south boundary of agricultural areas, and will not reduce its area, which provides a stable material basis for the continuation of China culture.

Influence of Geographical Environment on Cultural Diversity in China

In the case of low productivity, geographical obstacles have a much greater impact on human activities, especially transportation, which sometimes plays a completely isolated role. For example, oceans, rivers, mountains, deserts, swamps and jungles were once insurmountable geographical obstacles for our ancestors. The geographical environment in China is diverse, so people have to choose other modes of production besides agriculture. In the history of China, there have been various industries, such as animal husbandry, hunting, aquaculture, fishing, gathering, smelting, handicrafts and forestry, which have become major industries in some areas and formed different material bases in different places. Adapting to different modes of production, social systems, political systems and administrative management systems vary from place to place. They have also formed different lifestyles and concepts. In terms of food, clothing, housing and transportation, there have been great differences in China, and various customs and habits have been formed over time.

1. Geographical environment mainly refers to "the surface layer of the earth on which living things, especially human beings, depend for survival and development", which is divided into three aspects: natural environment, economic environment and social and cultural environment.

2. The geographical environment is mainly natural environment. With the development of human productivity, it is more and more difficult to strictly distinguish the natural environment from the economic environment and the social and cultural environment.

3. Geographical environment is not only the material basis of human survival and development, but also the basis of human consciousness or spirit.

4. Geographical environment plays four roles in human beings and human society: first, it provides material basis for human production, survival, development, extinction or leaving this environment; The second is to determine all living things and their activities in this environment, and to determine the process of their emergence, development and even extinction. Third, all substances in this environment and the energy generated by substances can neither increase nor decrease, but can only be transformed or transmitted in various forms. Fourth, all human activities must conform to the inherent laws of this environment.

Although the geographical environment provides limited conditions for human beings, as long as human activities do not exceed this limit, there can be relatively unlimited space for activities. Because first, it does not stipulate the specific process, method and time of human beings from emergence to extinction; Secondly, it does not determine the specific process, mode and time of material and energy transformation and transfer; Third, as long as human beings do not violate its internal regulations, they can use this environment according to their own needs and realize material transformation and energy transfer that is beneficial to them.

6, the same geographical environment, in different modes of production or productivity conditions, the role is different.

7. The influence of geographical environment on China culture is mainly reflected in three aspects: first, the influence on the formation and continuation of China culture; Secondly, the influence on China's cultural diversity is different in different regions. The third is the influence on China's cultural opening.

8. The middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River are the most suitable areas for people's survival and reproduction in the history of China.

9. The dominant traditional culture in China, whether material or spiritual, is based on agricultural production. They were formed in agricultural areas and spread with the expansion of agricultural areas. Agricultural civilization has played a great role in the continuation of China culture.

10. The influence of geographical environment on cultural diversity in China is mainly manifested in the influence of geographical obstacles on human activities, especially traffic. Different geographical environments and material conditions have formed different lifestyles and concepts of different groups of people, and they are influenced by foreign cultures to varying degrees.

1 1. Geographical obstacles have a great influence on the spread of culture, which also makes different regions of China suffer from different foreign cultures.

12, the influence of geographical environment on opening and closing is relative. First of all, there is no absolutely open or closed geographical environment; Secondly, under different productivity conditions, the degree of influence is different; Thirdly, the natural geographical environment is not the only condition to decide whether to open up, and the ocean is not the only way to open up. (Note that Jiangsu Volume 200 1 specially took short answer questions)

13, China has indeed lacked the motivation to open to the outside world for a long time in history, but in a sense, the fundamental reason is not the geographical barrier, but the superior geographical conditions in China.

The Basic Characteristics of China's Traditional Natural Economy and Its Influence on Cultural Development

1. The influence of China's traditional natural economy on the development of China culture is reflected in three aspects: First, the persistence of farming economy has created the continuation of China culture, and the continuous development of traditional agriculture has ensured the continuation of Chinese civilization, making it have great endurance, healing power and cohesion; Secondly, the diversified structure of farming economy has created the inclusiveness of China culture. China culture not only contains hundreds of thoughts and cultures from different regions, but also absorbs the excellent civilizations of neighboring ethnic minorities for a long time; Thirdly, the precocity of farming economy promoted the dignity and precocity of China culture.

2. The persistence of farming economy is a remarkable feature of China's traditional natural economy, which has created the continuity of Chinese civilization and its great endurance, healing power and cohesion.

3. The early stereotype of China culture is an important reason for China's cultural conservatism.

4. The pluralistic structure of farming economy makes China culture inclusive.

5. The precocity and immaturity of China's agricultural economy led to the precocity and nobility of China culture.

1, the wars and separatist regimes in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties broke the centralized political system of the empire and the centralized landlord economic system, and a diversified development situation with lively culture appeared. First, the rise of metaphysics; Second, the establishment of Taoism and the spread of Buddhism; Third, Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism are stirring.

2. Metaphysics is developed from the philosophy of Laozi and Zhuangzi, with the aim of "governing by doing nothing" and the highest theme of thinking about the meaning and value of individual life.

3. The influence of metaphysics on the deep tide of cultural thought in Wei and Jin Dynasties: First, the thinking characteristic of metaphysics is to transcend diversified secular objects and directly resort to ontology, thus making Wei and Jin scholars rich in metaphysical analysis. Second, metaphysics was linked with aesthetics, which became the soul of aesthetics in Wei and Jin Dynasties, and contributed to the aesthetic concept of attaching importance to reason without leaving it behind, attaching importance to nature and neglecting carving; Thirdly, the practical implication of metaphysics provides a theoretical construction for the ideal personality of Wei and Jin people.

4. Taoism was brewed in the Eastern Han Dynasty, developed in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, and basically settled in the Southern and Northern Dynasties.

5. The cultural climate of Sui and Tang Dynasties is magnificent, which is closely related to the profound changes of the landlord class structure. At the same time, the elite status of the secular landlord class rose.

6. Tang Wenhua first embodies a fearless and all-encompassing grand style; Secondly, it is reflected in absorbing foreign cultures with a broad mind.

7. There was a grand cultural exchange between China and foreign countries in the Yuan Dynasty, which was manifested in the following aspects: First, the conquest of Eurasia made the western and northern borders of China actually open, forming the Hui nationality; Second, the opening of communication between China and the West in Yuan Dynasty created a favorable climate and soil for Christianity to enter China. Third, the communication between Asia and Europe provides great convenience for travelers from the East and the West to travel far, such as Kyle Polo and his Kyle. Travel notes of Poirot.

The Integration of National Cultures in China

1, Chinese culture is not a closed system, with migration, aggregation, trade and war as the intermediary, Chinese culture of all ethnic groups and Chinese and foreign cultures are blending.

2. The basic economic types of ancient China society were farming, nomadic and nomadic.

3. After Qin and Han Dynasties, China culture can be divided into three cultural types: nomadic culture in the northern grassland, farming culture in the southern mountainous area and settled agricultural culture in the Central Plains, among which the settled agricultural culture in the Central Plains is the core.

4. On the one hand, the interaction between farming and nomadism is conflict and war; On the other hand, cultural complementarity and national integration.

5. The characteristics of wandering farming culture: First, slash-and-burn farming; Second, living a swimming life with uncertain migration; Third, the way of farming determines that this nation is still at an immature level in all aspects of social life. (Jane: Immature degree of slash-and-burn swimming life)

6. Sinicization is the integration of ethnic minorities into the Han nationality; Hu Hua refers to the integration of Han people into the nomadic people in the north; Alienation refers to the integration of Han people into southern nomadic people.

7. The contribution of ethnic minorities to China culture is reflected in economic life, clothing, daily life, music and dance, cultural history and so on.

8. The Tibetan epic Gesar is an outstanding representative of the world heroic epic.

9. The Secret History of the Yuan Dynasty, the Origin of Mongolia and the Golden History of Mongolia, written in Mongolian, are also called the three great historical masterpieces of Mongolia.