How is porcelain made by firing?

The production of porcelain, is people's understanding of the earth and fire and use. People in the long-term production of pottery practice found that the choice of different clays, applied to different fire temperatures, can be fired with the pottery has a fundamental difference between the porcelain. Clay and fire, is the two major conditions of porcelain production. Containing kaolin, feldspar, quartz components of the clay, is the inner basis of porcelain production, fire temperature is the external cause of porcelain production.

The production of porcelain is a complex and complete production process: the selection and processing of raw materials, billet, drying, various forms of billet tire decoration, glaze, and finally kiln firing, each process has a number of links.

(a) Selection and processing of raw materials

The main choice of porcelain clay different from ordinary clay. The invention of Chinese porcelain, is inseparable from kaolin. Kaolin is a kind of kaolin, but also contains a large amount of quartz and mica raw materials for porcelain, which is produced in Jiangxi Fuliang (now Jingdezhen City) Gao Ling village. Kaolin has low iron content, weak plasticity, high refractoriness, and its mineral test formula is AI△O3 -2SiO2-2H2O,

(B) billet

Billet refers to the people according to the various needs of the raw materials into a variety of different shapes of the blank tire. Such as bowls, plates, pots, cups, bottles, cylinders and other various vessels of the blank. The production of porcelain production needs of the blank tire, and there are billet, billet, foot digging and other processes. Pulling the blank is the production of porcelain blank tire forming link. Li billet is a rough rough trimming, so that the surface of the blank is smooth, uniform thickness of the link. Digging foot is to dig into the foot of the porcelain ware blanks, such as the bottom of the bowl, the bottom of the bottle, such as the foot of the circle.

(C) dry

After the billet is made, it needs to be dried to make the shape. There are many methods of drying, such as natural drying method, drying method and so on. After the production of molded blanks in order to make it beautiful and good-looking, but also need to decorate the porcelain tire. Porcelain decorative techniques, such as scratching, engraving, printing, picking flowers, appliqués, open, gold and so on. After decoration, the tire will leave a variety of patterns, such as leaf pattern, wave pattern, flower pattern, grass and leaf pattern, geometric pattern, cloud and thunder pattern, jagged pattern, net pattern, string pattern, crab claw pattern and so on. Porcelain fired, a variety of different shapes of vessels with a variety of different decorative patterns, the two complement each other, pleasing to the eye.

(D) glaze

This is an important aspect of the porcelain production process. Glaze can be made of porcelain surface smooth and creamy, colorful and colorful, more ornamental value. China's porcelain production glaze technology is very exquisite. The glaze process method is common dip glaze method, blowing glaze method, pouring glaze method, swing glaze method. The variety of glaze color is too many to mention, such as green, white, black, red, egg white, sweet white, powder green, rabbit hair, oil drop, ruby red, Lang kiln red, cowpea red, bright red, alum red, coral red, peacock green, wine blue, blue and white, glaze, red, color, color, color, pastel, enamel, box skin purple, eel yellow, yellow, tea time end and so on. These glazes or plain, or gorgeous, or colorful, or elegant, or elegant, or exquisite, and the body of the various decorations, poems and paintings on the body of each other, and each other.

(E) loaded firing

After taking the material, billet, drying, decorating, glazing, porcelain production is the last process into the kiln loaded firing. Control and manage the fire is the key to porcelain firing. Therefore, the firing of porcelain on the porcelain burning method and the form of the kiln bound structure, have high requirements. China's porcelain production of common methods of mounting burned back burn, stacked burned over burned, burned and so on. Kiln form of dragon kiln, class kiln, steamed bread kiln, egg-shaped kiln.

"Jingdezhen ceramic record" has 14 pictures, the name of these 14 pictures in order is: take the soil, practicing mud, plating box, repair mold, wash material, do billet, print billet, arrowhead billet, painting billet, swings (glaze), full smoky, colorful, burn furnace, the image sketched out the whole process of ceramics in the Qing Dynasty.