What is the international trade transaction process? What are the delivery methods?

Quotation, ordering, payment method, stocking, packaging, customs clearance, loading, transportation insurance, bill of lading, foreign exchange settlement.

I. Quotation

In international trade, the inquiry and quotation of products are generally the beginning of trade. Among them, the quotation of export products mainly includes: product quality grade, product specification and model, whether the product has special packaging requirements, quantity of purchased products, delivery time requirements, product transportation mode, product material and so on.

Commonly used quotations are: FOB, CNF, CIF and other forms.

Second, the order (contract)

After the two parties to the transaction reach an agreement on the quotation, the buyer's enterprise formally places an order and negotiates with the seller's enterprise on some related matters. After both parties agree, they need to sign a purchase contract. In the process of signing the purchase contract, we mainly discuss the commodity name, specification, quantity, price, packaging, place of origin, date of shipment, payment terms, settlement method, claim and arbitration, and write the agreement reached after negotiation into the purchase contract. This marks the official start of export business. Usually, the purchase contract is signed in duplicate, and it takes effect after both parties affix the official seal of our company, and each party holds one copy.

Three. terms of payment

There are three commonly used payment methods in the world, namely, letter of credit payment, TT payment and direct payment. 1. Payment by letter of credit

Letters of credit are divided into clean letters of credit and documentary letters of credit. Documentary letter of credit refers to a letter of credit with specified documents, and a letter of credit without any documents is called a clean letter of credit. Simply put, a letter of credit is a guarantee document to ensure that the exporter can recover the payment. Please note that the shipment period of export goods should be within the validity period of the letter of credit, and the period of presentation in the letter of credit must be later than the validity period of the letter of credit.

In international trade, the letter of credit is the mode of payment, and the opening date of the letter of credit should be clear, definite and complete. Several domestic state-owned commercial banks, such as Bank of China, China Construction Bank, Agricultural Bank and Industrial and Commercial Bank, can open letters of credit (the handling fee of these big banks is 65,438+0.5‰ of the amount issued).

2.TT payment method

TT payment is settled in foreign exchange cash. Your customer will remit the money to the foreign exchange bank account designated by your company, and you can ask for remittance within a certain period after the goods arrive.

3. Direct payment method

Refers to direct delivery payment between the buyer and the seller.

Fourth, stock up.

Stocking plays an important role in the whole trade process and must be carried out in accordance with the contract item by item. The main contents of inventory inspection are as follows:

1. The quality and specifications of the goods shall be verified according to the requirements of the contract.

2. Quantity of goods: guarantee to meet the requirements of the contract or letter of credit for quantity.

3. Preparation time: According to the provisions of the letter of credit, combined with the shipping date, it is convenient for the connection between the ship and the goods.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) packaging

You can choose the packing form (such as cartons, wooden cases, woven bags, etc.). ) according to the different commodities. Different packaging forms have different packaging requirements.

1. General standard for export packaging: packaging shall be carried out according to the general standard for trade export.

2. Special export packaging standards: export goods are packaged according to the special requirements of customers.

3. Packaging and marks (marks and numbers) of the goods: they should be carefully checked and verified to make them conform to the provisions of the letter of credit.

VI. Customs clearance procedures

Customs clearance procedures are extremely cumbersome and important. If you can't clear the customs smoothly, you can't complete the transaction.

1. Export commodities subject to statutory inspection shall be subject to export commodity inspection certificate.

At present, China's import and export commodity inspection mainly has four links:

○ Acceptance of inspection: Inspection means that foreign trade applies to the commodity inspection authorities for inspection.

○ Sampling: After accepting the application for inspection, the commodity inspection authorities will promptly send personnel to the goods storage site for on-site inspection and appraisal.

○ Inspection: After accepting the inspection application, the commodity inspection authorities carefully study the declared inspection items and determine the inspection contents. And carefully review the terms of quality, specifications and packaging in the contract (letter of credit), find out the inspection basis and determine the inspection standards and methods. (Inspection methods include sampling inspection and instrument analysis inspection; Physical examination; Sensory test; Microbiological examination, etc. )

○ Issuance of certificates: In terms of export, all export commodities listed in the Category List shall be issued with a release form after passing the inspection by the commodity inspection authorities (or a release stamp shall be affixed to the Export Goods Declaration Form instead of the release form).

2. The professional holder of the customs declaration certificate shall go through the customs declaration formalities with the text of box list, invoice, declaration power of attorney, export settlement verification form, copy of export goods contract, export commodity inspection certificate, etc.

○ Packing list is the packing details of export products provided by exporters.

○ Invoice is the export product certificate provided by the exporter.

The power of attorney for customs declaration is a certificate that a unit or individual without customs declaration ability entrusts a customs declaration agent to declare.

○ The export verification form, which is applied by the exporting unit to the foreign exchange bureau, refers to a certificate that the unit with export ability obtains the export tax rebate.

○ The commodity inspection certificate is obtained after passing the inspection by the entry-exit inspection and quarantine department or its designated inspection agency, and it is the general name of inspection certificates, appraisal certificates and other certificates of various import and export commodities. It is an effective certificate with legal basis for all parties concerned in foreign trade to fulfill their contractual obligations, handle claims disputes, negotiate arbitration and provide evidence in litigation. It is also a necessary proof of customs clearance, tariff collection and tariff reduction and exemption.

Seven. load and transport

In the process of loading the goods, the loading method can be determined according to the quantity of the goods, and the insurance can be insured according to the types of insurance stipulated in the purchase contract. Optional:

1, independent container

Type of container (also called container):

(1) According to specifications and dimensions: At present, the commonly used dry goods containers in the world are:

The external dimension is 20 feet× 8 feet× 6 inches, which is referred to as 20 feet container for short;

Referred to as a 40-foot ×8-foot ×6-inch container; And the 40-foot× 8-foot× 9-foot× 6-inch cabinets widely used in recent years.

20-foot cabinet: the internal volume is 5.69mx2.13mx2.18m, the gross weight of delivery is17.5t, and the volume is 24-26m3.

40-foot container: the internal volume is11.8mx2.13mx2.18m, and the gross weight of distribution is generally 22 tons and the volume is 54 cubic meters.

40-foot-high container: the internal volume is11.8mx2.13mx2.72m. The gross delivery weight is generally 22 tons and the volume is 68 cubic meters.

45-foot-high container: the internal volume is:13.58m x 2.34m x 2.71m, the gross weight of distribution is generally 29 tons, and the volume is 86 cubic meters.

20-foot open-top cabinet: the internal volume is 5.89 m X2.32 m X2.3 1 m, the gross delivery weight is 20 tons, and the volume is 3 1.5 cubic meters.

40-foot open-top cabinet: internal volume12.01m x 2.33 m x 2.15 m, distribution gross weight of 30.4 tons, volume of 65 cubic meters.

20-foot flat-bottomed container: the internal volume is 5.85 m X2.23 m X2. 15 m, the stowage gross weight is 23 tons, and the volume is 28 cubic meters.

40-foot flat-bottomed container: the internal area is12.05 m x 2.12 m x10.96 m, with a gross weight of 36 tons and a volume of 50 cubic meters.

(2) According to the box-making materials, there are aluminum alloy containers, steel plate containers, fiberboard containers and FRP containers.

(3) According to the use: there is a drying container; Refrigerated container; Dresser container; Open-top container; Pallet container; Tank container.

Step 2 assemble the container

When assembling containers, freight is generally calculated according to the volume and weight of exported goods.

Eight. transport insurance

Usually, when signing the purchase contract, both parties have already agreed on transportation insurance in advance. Common insurances include marine cargo transportation insurance, land transportation insurance and air postal cargo transportation insurance. Among them, the risks covered by marine cargo insurance clauses are divided into basic risks and additional risks:

There are three basic risks: F.P.A., W.P.A. or W.P.A. and All Risks. The coverage of FPA includes: total loss of goods caused by natural disasters at sea; Total loss of goods during loading, unloading and transshipment; Sacrifice, contribution and salvage expenses in general average; Total loss and partial loss of goods caused by collision, collision, flood and explosion of transport ships. W. p. a. insurance is one of the basic risks of marine insurance. According to the insurance clauses of People's Insurance Company of China, its liability scope includes not only the risks listed in FPA, but also the risks of natural disasters such as bad weather, thunder and lightning, tsunami and flood. The coverage of all risks is equivalent to the sum of W.P.A. and general additional risks.

(2) Additional risks. There are two kinds of additional risks: general additional risks and special additional risks. General additional risks include theft, tpnd, fresh water rain, theft, leakage, breakage, hook damage, mixed pollution, package breakage, mildew, damp heat and peculiar smell. Special additional risks include war risks and strike risks.

Nine. bill of lading

The bill of lading is a document signed by the shipping company for the importer to pick up the goods and settle the foreign exchange after the exporter goes through the formalities of export declaration and customs clearance.

The signed bill of lading is issued according to the number of copies required by the letter of credit, usually three copies. The exporter keeps two copies for tax refund and other businesses, and one copy is sent to the importer for delivery and other procedures.

When the goods are shipped by sea, the importer must take delivery with the original bill of lading, packing list and invoice. The exporter shall send the original bill of lading, packing list and invoice to the importer. )

If the goods are transported by air, you can directly fax the bill of lading, packing list and invoice to pick up the goods.

X. foreign exchange settlement

After the export goods are loaded, the import and export company shall correctly prepare documents (such as packing list, invoice, bill of lading, export certificate of origin, export settlement, etc.) in accordance with the provisions of the letter of credit. Submit to the bank for negotiation and settlement of foreign exchange within the validity period of presentation stipulated in the letter of credit.

In addition to the settlement of foreign exchange by letter of credit, other payment and remittance methods generally include telegraphic transfer, sight draft and letter transfer. Due to the rapid development of electronicization, remittance is now mainly through telegraphic transfer. In China, enterprises enjoy preferential export tax rebate policy. )

FOB, CIF, CFR and so on. 13 trading mode.