What are the automobile electrical appliances?

The composition of automobile electrical equipment can be summarized into three parts, namely, power supply system, control part (including regret and sales circuit) and electrical equipment.

1, power supply system

It consists of storage battery, alternator, regulator and charging indicator lamp.

Battery: mainly used for engine starting (as an auxiliary power supply). As one of the power sources in the car, the battery is always DC. When the battery is discharged, it must be charged by DC power supply, so the generator on the car must also output DC power. The rated voltage of the electrical system on the automobile is generally 12V, 24V DC. At present, 12V power supply is widely used in automobiles, and 24V power supply is mostly used in heavy-duty diesel vehicles.

Generator: Generator is the main power source of automobile electrical equipment. When the car is running normally, the generator supplies power to other electrical equipment except the starter and charges the battery.

Regulator: Coordinate two power supplies.

Charging instruction: reflects the working condition of the charging system.

2. Control part

It consists of switches, relays, fuses and wire harnesses. Used to control the work of electrical equipment or system.

The electrical equipment in the car adopts parallel circuit to ensure the independent control of the electrical equipment in each branch. The connection between electrical equipment and power supply is generally two wires: male wire and male neutral wire.

Single-wire connection means that the positive electrodes of electrical equipment on the automobile are connected with each other and with the positive electrode of the battery, while all negative electrodes are directly or indirectly connected with the metal part of the car body through dead wires, and the car body metal is used as a common wire, thus achieving the purpose of saving wires and facilitating maintenance.

3. Electrical equipment

Components that consume electric energy are divided into five systems.

① Start the system

It consists of starter and control circuit, which is used to start the engine.

② Ignition system

The ignition system is used to generate an electric spark to ignite the compressed combustible mixture in the cylinder. It mainly includes ignition coil, igniter, spark plug and distributor.

③ Lighting and signal

Including the lighting inside and outside the vehicle, to provide necessary lighting for the safe driving of the vehicle.

(4), instrument, alarm and display device

The function is to monitor the working state of the engine and the automobile, so that the driver can timely monitor various parameters and abnormal conditions of the engine and the automobile through instruments and alarm devices. Including speedometer, engine tachometer, water thermometer, fuel gauge, voltmeter, tire pressure gauge and various warning lights.

(5), signal device

Comprises an audio signal and an optical signal, and provides signals required for driving.

⑥ Auxiliary electrical equipment

Nowadays, the trend of automobile intelligence is obvious, and there are more and more auxiliary appliances, such as electric sunroof, electric rearview mirror, electric wiper, seat heating, automobile audio-visual equipment and so on. It is to provide more comfortable, more entertaining and safer protection for car owners.

⑦ Automobile electronic control system

Automobile electronic control system mainly refers to various systems controlled by microcomputer. For example, the microcomputer control of engine mainly includes centralized control system of gasoline injection engine and electronically controlled diesel injection system; Body electronic control technology includes automobile safety, comfort control and information communication system.