Who are the four great officials of Islam in China? Explain it in detail, thank you.

They are Gadlunye, He Zhelunye, Kublunye and Khufye.

/kloc-At the beginning of the 7th century, four factions of Islamic Sufi mysticism in China were introduced into China from West Asia, Central Asia and South Asia, mainly distributed in Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai and Xinjiang in the northwest of China. Yunnan, Jilin and North China are also distributed.

1, Gadi forbear

Originated from the order of Kadiri founded by Persian Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani. During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, Abdon Rashi was introduced to Muslims in Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai, and later he was divided into several ministers.

In teaching, like ordinary Muslims, they sincerely believe in Islam, follow the Koran and Hadith, and follow the "five pillars of the fate of Islam." Tao Cheng's practice takes "keeping one's mind indifferent and keeping one's mind calm" as the religion, "keeping one's heart clean and without desire" as the merit of monasticism, and "abandoning the secular to enter the Tao".

The main methods of practice are meditation and enlightenment, and meditation on all kinds of Dickel's words. There are several eminent monks who leave the world of mortals, don't propose, visit famous teachers, go deep into the mountains or live in Gongbei, and practice hard. The characteristics of abstinence and penance are remarkable.

2. He Zherenye

He Zherenye's teaching aim is "respecting the Lord and praising the saints" and "following the classics and training". In practice, it advocates that "teaching by" precedes "Tao by". It is believed that "teaching riding" is the foundation, and "Dao riding" can only be practiced by a few qualified or sectarian descendants.

He paid more attention to Islam's "Sheshid" (jihad, martyrdom) thought and belief, and was full of fighting spirit. He launched several counter-riots against racial and religious oppression. In religious practice and customs, the main features are chanting "Dickel" loudly (remembering the main words) and holding public ceremonies to praise the Lord and saints, hence the name "He Zhe Ye", which means "preaching the right path".

On the main hemp day, there is only a gathering sacrifice, not an afternoon sacrifice. The male followers of this Sect are characterized by no beard and wearing black and white hexagonal hats, while women do not wear hijab or veil.

3.Kub Renye

It originated from Ku Blavy founded by Nadeem Kubla, a Central Asian. The time of introduction, from the late Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty to the third year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1370), was introduced by a foreign missionary, Muhu Yindini. Apart from following the five pillars of Islam, this official mainly meditates, lives in caves, worships the Lord and meditates in Dickel. Meditation time is divided into 40 days, 70 days and 120 days. Christians are distributed in Dongxiang, Le Kang and Gaolan in Gansu Province.

4. Hufu leaves

It was spread when Afag Hedaye Tunlaxi Gutubu Rambani He Su Su Buhani, a Syrian official of the Negeshbandinye Taoist Society in Yemen, arrived in Xining, Qinghai in the early years of Qing Emperor Kangxi.

Pay equal attention to teaching and training, carry out Taoist training based on teaching and training, emphasize adherence to teaching methods, believe in Koran and Hadith, and strictly demand "the five pillars of destiny Islam"; Mainly practicing and retiring, but advocating "quiet in the middle of trouble", that is, practicing in the lively secular life and opposing seclusion; The morality of Menhuan leader Mueller or Sheikh and his Gongbei (mausoleum) are highly respected by believers; Taoist inheritance is mostly hereditary, and some of them implement "hereditary system"

Extended data

There are different opinions about the origin of the word "knocker". Mainly includes:

1. Names such as "official gate" and "gate valve" originated from the Han nationality.

2. It originated from what people in Hehuang area call "seven doors and eight officials".

3. It comes from what Muslims say is the door to the road to God (that is, the call of God).

According to the relevant records of Puhading's tomb in Yangzhou, Puhading in Yangzhou was a Sufi mystic monk in the late Southern Song Dynasty, and his tomb still exists today. Ibn battuta's Travels records that a 200-year-old monk was seen in a cave in Guangzhou in the Yuan Dynasty. When he arrived in Hangzhou, he lived in the "home of the descendants of the Egyptian Osman ibn Anfani", "there is a hall" and "there are a group of Sufi monks".

During the Chongzhen period of the Ming Dynasty, Ashige, an Indian Sufi scholar, came to China and stayed in Nanjing for three years. Zhong Zhang studied with him and made notes on his sermons, which was compiled into a book "Back to Nature". /kloc-In the 7th century, Sufi school was introduced into Xinjiang from Bukhara and Samarkand in Central Asia, and then formed Baishan School and Heishan School, commonly known as "Yi Chan".

Since18th century, Sufi schools such as Kublin, Kadirin, Hu Heye and others have been introduced into Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai from Arabia, Central Asia and Xinjiang. Under the influence of China's traditional cultural thought, Mufti, Dawantou, Dagongbei, Huasi and Guanchuan gradually formed.

Among them, Bijiachang and Beizhuang are named after the location of Gongbei or Daotang. Named after the founder's surname, there are Xianmen and Zhangmen. Named after the image of the founder, there are conference semifinals and lunatics. Because there are many Gongbei and magnificent buildings, Dagongbei and Huasi are named after them, but they are not called knockers.

Development history:

1, Kangxi Qianlong period (1662 ~ 1795) is the incoming period. Gansu and Qinghai successively have 1 1 officials, and the largest number are Dagongbei, Huasi, Guanchuan and Mufti.

2. Jiaqing, Daoguang and Xianfeng periods (1796 ~ 186 1) were the development periods, and eight new officials, including Beizhuang and Wenquantang, were successively formed.

3. The period of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China (1875 ~ 1940) was a period of internal differentiation, and 13 officials were separated from the above officials, such as Yatou, Lingmingtang and Salazar.

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