What are the top ten ancient books in China

1, "Analects"

"Analects" is a Chinese Spring and Autumn period, a collection of quotations in prose, compiled by the disciples of Confucius and re-transmitted disciples. It mainly records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples, reflecting his thoughts in a more concentrated manner, and is one of the classic works of the Confucian school.

The whole book***20 articles, 492 chapters, the first "discourse style" . One of the ancient writings now transmitted and studied in China. Mainly by Zhong Gong, Zi You, Zi Xia first discussed and drafted, and a small number of disciples who stayed in the state of Lu and re-transmission of the completion of the disciples, to commemorate the teacher, worried about the loss of the teacher's way.

And by Zixia pioneered the reading of chapters and sentences. Therefore, the Han Confucianism said: the invention of chapter and verse began with Zixia. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi called it the "Four Books" together with "Mencius", "University" and "Medieval Times".

2, "The Mean"

"The Mean" is one of the Confucian classic "Four Books". Originally, the thirty-first book of the Small Dai Ritual, the author is now widely recognized in the academic community as Zi Si and his disciples more than one person. Some scholars also believe it may have been written by Confucian scholars in the Warring States period.

Song Dynasty scholars held the "Meanwhile" in high esteem, while it was taken out of the "Rites" into a separate book, Zhu Xi, with the "Analects", "Mencius", "University" as the "Four Books".

The literal interpretation of "Zhongyong" is "the middle way and common sense". And the center and the pursuit of "neutral", in a person has not yet shown joy, anger, sadness and happiness when the calm emotions for the "middle", after the expression of emotions after the adjustment and in line with common sense for the "and".

The main idea is to cultivate human nature. It is related to the way of learning (erudition, inquisitiveness, prudent thinking, discernment, and conscientious behavior), and the norms of being a human being, such as the "five virtues of the Way" (the relationship between ruler and subject, father and son, husband and wife, kun-di (brother), and friend) and the "three virtues of the Way" (wisdom, benevolence, and courage), etc. The "three virtues of the Way" (wisdom, benevolence, and courage) are also related to the way of learning.

3. The Records of the Grand Historian

The Records of the Grand Historian is a chronicle written by Sima Qian, a historian of the Western Han Dynasty, and is the first general history of Chinese history. It records the history of more than 3,000 years, from the time of the legendary Yellow Emperor in the ancient times to the four years of the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the first year of the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty***.

In the first year of the Tai Chou era (104 BC), Sima Qian began work on the "Book of the Grand Historian," later to be known as the "Records of the Grand Historian" (史记). It took 14 years before and after to complete it. The entire Shiji consists of twelve principal chronicles (which chronicle the achievements of successive emperors and kings).

Thirty Shiji (the rise and fall of vassals and Han dynasty lords and nobles), seventy Liezhuan (the words and deeds of important people, mainly human ministers, the last of which is a preface), and ten Tables (a chronology of major events).

The Eight Books (a record of the various rules and regulations of rituals, music, music and rhythm, calendar, astronomy, sealing, water conservancy, and finance), **** one hundred and thirty articles, more than five hundred and twenty-six thousand five hundred words. The Historical Records is listed as the first of the Twenty-four Histories.

Together with the later "Book of Han", "Book of Later Han" and "Records of the Three Kingdoms", it is called "the first four histories"[8], and has had a profound impact on the development of historiography and literature in later generations. The first biographical method of history was inherited by the later generations.

The Records of the Grand Historian (史记) is also regarded as an excellent literary work, which has an important position in the history of Chinese literature, and was praised by Lu Xun as "the best song of the historians, the unrhymed "Li Sao"", with a high literary value.

4. The Art of War

The Art of War, also known as Sun Wu's Art of War, Wu Sun Tzu's Art of War, Sun Tzu's Book of War, Sun Wu's Book of War, and so on, is the earliest surviving book of war in China, and the earliest military work in the world, predating Clausewitz's Theory of War by about 2,300 years.

It is known as the "holy book of military science". *** There are about six thousand words, one **** thirteen. The author is Sun Wu, a general of the state of Wu, whose ancestral home was Le'an in the state of Qi during the Spring and Autumn Period. Sun Tzu's Art of War is a brilliant treasure of ancient Chinese military cultural heritage.

The important part of the excellent traditional culture, its content is profound, the idea of profound rich support, logic is meticulous and rigorous, is the concentrated embodiment of the essence of ancient military thinking. Sun Tzu the art of war is regarded as the classic of the military.

Birth has been 2500 years of history, all generations have been studied. Li Shimin said, "I can't see any other book on the art of war without Sun Wu". The art of war is strategy, and strategy is not a small trick, but a big strategy and wisdom.

Today, Sun Tzu's Art of War has gone global. It has also been translated into many languages and has an important position in the world's military history. The bamboo slips of The Art of War were unearthed in Linyi in 1972.

5, "Mountains and Seas"

"Mountains and Seas" is an ancient Chinese account of ancient wonders, roughly the middle and late Warring States period to the early and middle Han Dynasty, the Chu or Ba Shu people. It is also an absurd and strange book. The author of the book is unknown.

The ancients believe that the book is "the curious people of the Warring States to take" Mu Wang biography ", miscellany of" Zhuang "," Lie "," Li Sao "," Book of the Week "," Jin multiply "to become". Modern scholars also believe that the book is not a moment, the author is not a person.

Shanhaijing book is now 18, the rest of the chapters of the contents of the early anonymous. The original *** 22 about 32,650 words. *** Tibetan mountain scripture 5, overseas scripture 4, sea scripture 5, the great wilderness scripture 4. Han Shu - Art and Culture Zhi" for 13, not counting the late Great Desert Scripture and the Sea of Scripture.

Shanhaijing is mainly about geographical knowledge in folklore, including mountains, rivers, dori, ethnic groups, products, medicines, rituals, witch doctors and so on. It preserves a number of popular ancient myths and legends, including Kuafu chasing the sun, Nuwa mending the sky, Jingwei filling up the sea, and Dayu ruling the water.

The Shanhaijing has extraordinary documentary value, and is a reference for the study of ancient Chinese history, geography, culture, Sino-foreign transportation, folklore, and mythology, etc. The mineral records in it are the earliest relevant documents in the world.