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There are many methods of metonymy, mainly the following:

First, part of a whole generation. That is to say, replace the noumenon with the representative part of things.

If the green hills on both sides of the strait are opposite, the lonely sails come from the sun. (Looking at Tianmen Mountain from afar)

Replace the boat with a part of the sail.

Second, feature generation ontology. In other words, the name of the ontological thing is replaced by the characteristics and signs of the borrowing body (person or thing).

For example, the compass turned angrily, and at the same time, spoke slowly and went out ...

(4) Yamaraja the same standard. (meiling three chapters)

Example (3) is a characteristic noumenon, because Yang Er's sister-in-law is thin and lonely, so it is called "compass". Example (4) is to use symbols instead of noumenon and "standards" instead of army or armed forces.

Third, concrete generation abstraction.

For example, (5) South China is in the tenth year. (meiling three chapters)

The "beacon smoke" in Example (5) was originally a firework used for vigilance in ancient borders. Here, it refers to war, which concretizes and visualizes the abstract concept of war.

Fourth, tools replace ontology.

For example: ⑥ In the season of scare farming, eight out of ten households have run out of food and can't open the pot. (Yu)

In Example 6, "hoarding" is a tool for holding grain, and "lighting the bottom of hoarding" means that there is no grain; "Pot" is a tool for cooking, and "boiling" means no food.

Fifth, they are generally called proper names. Replace the name of ontology with a special name of a typical person or thing.

If you kill a Li Gongpu, millions of Li Gongpu will stand up! ("The Last Speech")

The second "Li Gongpu" in Example 7 refers to people who are not afraid of bloodshed and sacrifice and fight for democracy and peace.