The development of Confucianism to the science of science, the gradual transformation of how to understand

Song and Ming philosophy is a historical expression of Confucianism, following the transformation of Confucianism and metaphysics in the Wei and Jin dynasties, the transformation of Confucianism's Buddha (Buddhism) and Taoism; Song and Ming philosophy is a strong revival of Confucianism, which has been gradually declining since the Sui and Tang dynasties.

Significant features: the transformation of traditional Confucianism and the integration of Buddhist and Taoist thought.

Ming and Qing dynasties, some officials of the education of thought by the influence of Western learning, Western learning on the secondary school has a greater impact, but Confucianism is still dominant. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, China's feudal society had entered the late stage. At that time, the sprout of capitalism had already arisen and was slowly developing under the pressure of feudalism and autocracy. The decline of the old system and the emergence of new social factors were firstly reflected sensitively in the intellectual world, as is the case in all countries in the world. As a result, a group of thinkers who opposed the traditional Confucianism and the decadent rule of feudalism and absolutism became a new trend in the culture of the Ming and Qing dynasties. They criticized and inherited the traditional Confucianism and revitalized the traditional culture of China. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, Cheng and Zhu theories went to the extreme and caused serious harm to the society, so some progressive thinkers criticized Cheng and Zhu theories. I. Reasons for the emergence of active thinking in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties 1) Politics: 1. International situation: the rise of capitalism in the world 2. Domestic situation: the Ming and Qing dynasties were in an important period of social transformation, and China was experiencing sweeping changes. The unprecedented strengthening of monarchical autocracy, the feudal system is in decline, the crisis of feudal rule is deepening class conflicts and ethnic conflicts are very sharp; the crisis of authoritarian society is deepening, land annexation is serious, frequent peasant uprisings; Ming and Qing dynasties have a power vacuum, with the political environment of freedom of thought.