What is Montessori?

Question 1: What is monks learning? Mengxue, that is, Mengkan, the school of enlightenment, equivalent to the current kindergarten or elementary school.

Question 2: What does it mean to be a teaching material of Mengxue )i.e., Mengkan, the school of enlightenment. Equivalent to the current kindergarten or elementary school. (2) the teaching materials and content of learning in the Mengkuan. Equivalent to the current elementary school textbooks and their content. Chinese traditional teaching materials mainly include "Three Character Classic", "Hundred Surnames", "Thousand Character Classic", "Young Learning Qionglin", etc. As for the "Four Books and Five Surnames", they are mainly used in primary schools. As for the "Four Books and Five Classics" and so on

Question 3: the basic meaning of the Montessori Montessori, is the traditional early childhood enlightenment education in our country a general term. Juxtaposed with elementary school and university, it is an important stage in China's traditional education. At present, the academic community called the montessori has a narrow and broad sense, in a broad sense, refers to the ancient enlightenment education, including its educational system, teaching methods, teaching materials, etc.; in a narrow sense, refers to the enlightenment materials, that is, the children's reading books. In ancient times, the age at which children were "initiated" and received education was generally around four years old, and there is now a view that four years old is the best age for children to learn Chinese characters. The basic goals of the Monk's school education are to cultivate children's ability to recognize and write Chinese characters, to develop good daily habits, to have basic moral and ethical norms, and to acquire some general knowledge of basic Chinese culture and daily life. In addition, Mengxue also refers to Mengkuan, the school of initiation, which is equivalent to kindergarten or elementary school nowadays. Wu Woyao, "General Preface to Historical Novels": "I have received and read, monks, secondary school books are too simple, to higher universities or and still use the old book carry on."

Question 4: What is "monasticism"? The so-called monks learning, both of China's traditional early childhood education is a general term. Juxtaposed with elementary school and university, it is an important stage in our traditional education.

Question 5: "National Knowledge" what is the Monasticism Song and Yuan period of the Monastic education content: in the children's wisdom to open the time, the implementation of the "saint's way" of education. The use of "three, one hundred, one thousand" for literacy, but also the basic cultural knowledge of virtue learning. The Hundred Surnames, the Three Character Classic, and the Thousand Character Essay were the common literacy textbooks used in monks' schools. It is self-evident that the Song Dynasty science is the inheritance and development of Confucianism, which emphasizes the education of cultivating one's moral character. During the adolescent period, it was mainly carried out using textbooks such as the Childhood and Monastic Training (also known as the Lv's Childhood and Monastic Training), the Childhood and Monastic Instructions, and the Teaching of the Son's Lenten Rules. Poetry training, mainly refers to the reading training between Song and Yuan. At the stage of monastic education, the beginning of only "point reading", that is, the so-called "point book": the first in the point out the sentence reading, followed by pointing out the reading method. At the time of initiation, on the one hand, reading "three, one hundred, one thousand", on the other hand, learning refining words, refining sentences, learning the genus of the pair, leaf rhyme. Song and Yuan Monastic Education Experience: 1, Song and Yuan Monastic Education content is extensive (1) pay attention to the education of monks (2) pay attention to the cultivation of education (3) pay attention to poetry and literature training (4) pay attention to the inheritance and carry forward the training of composition and character training 2, teaching program is more stable. In the school, the main reading, character study and composition are taught in three aspects, which are the basic preparation for entering the government school, the academy and the imperial examinations. And each aspect of the teaching, and have established a certain order. For example, in reading, the first step was to concentrate on literacy. After the children had memorized more than a thousand characters, they read the Three Character Classic, the Hundred Surnames, the Thousand Character Classic and the Four Books. At this stage, children are mainly engaged in following, familiarizing themselves with, and reciting. On this basis, teachers give lectures on the books, focusing on the feudal political ideas and ethical principles in the books. The order of character learning is first handwritten by the teacher, followed by tracing, and then by copying and writing. Composition is preceded by the practice of composing pairs. Individual instruction was practiced in the school, and the pace of teaching varied according to the students' receptive abilities. Generally speaking, all follow the principle of easy and difficult, the first step of learning for the next step of learning to pave the way for the foundation. Teaching is especially important to review the past, the teacher has a plan and step by step to organize and guide the students to review the old lessons and new lessons.

Question 6: The introduction of the Monk School Monk School, that is, the Monk Museum, the school of enlightenment. It is equivalent to kindergarten or elementary school nowadays.

Question 7: What are the traditional Chinese monkschools? The first one is "The Three Character Classic", "The Hundred Surnames" and "The Thousand Character Classic", which were collectively known as "Three, Hundred and Thousand", and became a set of complementary literacy teaching materials, which were passed down until the end of the Qing Dynasty. The Three Character Classic, the Hundred Surnames and the Thousand Character Essay were once known as the Three, Hundred and Thousand together, and became a set of complementary literacy materials for enlightenment. Three, hundred, thousand and later translated into minority languages, compiled into the Mongolian and Chinese, Manchu and Chinese control, such as the "Mongolian and Chinese three character classic", "Manchu and Chinese three character classic", "Mongolian and Chinese control of the hundred surnames", "100 surnames of the female real letters" and "Manchu and Chinese thousands of characters," "Mongolian and Chinese thousands of characters," for the Manchurian, Mongolian children to learn the use of the Chinese language.

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Question 9: Ancient monks include what books The traditional Chinese cultural heritage has not been interrupted, long played the role of a strong culture, and the political and economic basis of private education in ancient times, few changes, a variety of factors determine the face of the ancient private schooling has not changed much. The Three Character Classic, The Hundred Surnames, and The Thousand Character Classic were written in different dynasties (Southern Song Dynasty, Fifth Dynasty, and Southern Dynasty), and they gradually gained social acceptance in the process of circulation, becoming the most common children's literacy books in the Ming and Qing dynasties. The Analects of Confucius and Mencius belonged to the classic readings, and at this time, they also became part of the teaching materials for monks.

Private school education from literacy, to learn to make eight-legged essay, how is this teaching process is organized? First, literacy, from the recognition of square characters, generally a few months or half a year later, read the literacy textbooks equal to "three, hundred, thousand", "famous sages collection)," "Prodigy Poetry," a variety of "miscellaneous characters" (such as "five miscellaneous characters," "seven miscellaneous characters"), etc. These literacy textbooks, there is one thing that can be said about them. These literacy textbooks, have a **** the same characteristics, that is, short sentences, neat sentences, four clear, level and oblique each other, syllables easy to read, the word is very large, even if not very smart children, but also very easy to read, catchy, and quickly read familiar, sentences read familiar, the word is also firmly remembered. It makes full use of the characteristics of Chinese language and Chinese characters' monophonic and tetragrammatical syllables, and gives full play to the characteristics of children's extraordinarily strong memory, as well as fully avoids the shortcomings of children's poor comprehension. Highlighting the play and exercise of memory is the most effective and successful feature of Chinese character initiation education in China for more than 2,000 years. Its so extremely remarkable effect is analyzed retrospectively from a modern scientific point of view. The very nature of this approach is very much in line with the objective reality of Chinese language and writing and the age characteristics of children. It is a great pity that educators now ignore this feature. After the initial completion of literacy education in the first two years, reading education began. The so-called "reading" is to read out loud and catchy, emphasizing familiarization and recitation. The scope of reading was, first of all, the Four Books and the Five Classics. The Four Books or first read "University", "Medievalism", and then read "Analects", or first read "Analects", and then read "big, in". Lastly, read "Mencius". The order of reading the "four books" is not specified, but "Mencius" is always read later, not first. There are also readers of the family, the enlightenment does not read "three, a hundred, a thousand" and other popular enlightenment readings, literate some of the square characters, then began to read the "Four Books". Mr. Yu Pingbo began to read "University" when he was three years old. Mr. Yu wrote to me in 1983, saying, "I've been reading "University" since I was three years old, and I still don't understand it, and I've wasted more than eighty years of my life. I don't know whether Mr. Lao is a joke, or is intended to be sarcastic, because I understand that many things in the world are similar to this. Nearly a hundred years ago, three-year-old children read "University", to eighty or ninety years old still do not quite understand. Now six or seven year old children reading elementary school, many "great ......" words, its to eighty or ninety years old, still do not quite understand, is not also still the same? "Memory" and "understand" are two different things, naturally, most can be unified, but there are many that can not be unified. That is, hours to remember, to the old forget; hours do not understand, to the old work also do not understand the strange things, ancient and modern, who can not change. But this is gossip, and regardless of it. Besides, read the "Four Books" situation, about the general intelligence, a year and a half to two years, on the reading of the familiar. According to the "four books" white, "Analects" 12,700 words, "Mencius" 34,600 words, plus "big, in" about 50,000 words, but also even Zhu Xi's notes to memorize, so longer. But this is the most important foundation for the eight-legged essay. This point of effort must be in the early teens to play well. Then read the "Poetry Classic", "Zuo Zhuan", "Book of Books", "Book of Rites", "I Ching" and so on, naturally, should be read, and can recite. These familiar books, in order to prevent forgetting, must often review, especially the "Four Books", is to even this article with Zhu note, always familiar with the chest. Cite at will, like talking as natural, without this basic skill, is not to talk about the eight-legged essay. Dream of Red Mansions" written in the ninth Jia Zheng interrogated Li Gui, Baoyu reading situation, Li Gui said back "brother has read to the third book of Poetry" ...... "Jia Zheng let Li Gui told the school in the master said:" that even if you read another thirty books of Poetry , is also a cover-up ...... what the Poetry Scriptures, ancient texts, none of the false should be stories, just first the Four Books together to explain memorized, is the most important." This is to particularly emphasize the importance of the foundation.

Question 10: What is the ancient monks education Monks, also known as "Monk Museum". The Dictionary explains: "China's old school for children's enlightenment education. The content of education is mainly literacy, writing and ethical education. After the Song Dynasty, the teaching materials were generally Three Character Classic, Hundred Surnames, Thousand Character Classic, Monk's Quest, Four Books, etc. There was no fixed number of years. There was no fixed number of years. Individual teaching was used, focusing on memorization and practice."