Chrysanthemum information

Alias Shouke, Jin Ying, Huang Hua, etc.

Chrysanthemum morifolium

Chrysanthemum in Compositae

There are more than 30 species of chrysanthemums with ecological habits, and 17 species are native to China. Chrysanthemum has strong adaptability, likes cold and is relatively cold-resistant. The suitable growth temperature is 18 ~ 2 1 degree Celsius, with the highest temperature of 32 degrees Celsius and the lowest temperature of1degree Celsius. The low temperature tolerance limit of underground rhizome is-10℃. The lowest night temperature at flowering stage is 17℃, which can be reduced to 13 ~ 15 in the middle and late flowering stage.

Centigrade. I like plenty of sunshine, but I also tolerate shade a little. Relatively drought-tolerant, avoid waterlogging, like loam with slightly higher terrain, deep soil layer, rich humus, loose and fertile soil and good drainage. It can grow in slightly acidic to slightly alkaline soil, and the optimum pH is 6.2 ~ 6.7. Autumn chrysanthemum is a short-lived plant, which grows nutritionally under the long sunshine of 14.5h every day. The darkness of 12h and the night temperature of 10℃ are suitable for flower bud development. However, Xia Ju can differentiate flower buds and blossom under the long-term sunshine in summer. Chrysanthemum is a perennial herb flower.

Chrysanthemum can be propagated through seeds and nutrition. The optimum temperature for seed germination is 25℃, and the seeds can bloom in the same year after sowing in February-April. This method is only used for breeding. Vegetative propagation includes cutting, plant division, grafting, layering and tissue culture. Cutting is the main method in production, which is divided into root tillering method, twig cutting method, single bud cutting method and bud cutting method. Roots and tillers are inserted, and tillers extracted from rhizomes are often called "foot buds". In autumn and winter, strong roots and tillers away from plants are cut off. Cutting according to the plant spacing of 3 ~ 4~5cm and row spacing of 4~5cm, keeping 7 ~ 8 degrees Celsius, and moving outdoors after spring warming. Cutting, that is, cutting the twigs into the seedbed from February to August, and rooting at the temperature of 18 ~ 2 1 Celsius for 20 ~ 30 days before entering the pot. Single-bud cutting, in which 1 leaves with axillary buds are cut from branches, is only used for the propagation of rare varieties. Cuttings with buds, lateral branches or main branches with buds, are used for rare species propagation or chrysanthemum cultivation. Grafting Artemisia annua or Artemisia annua as rootstock is often used for compensation and maintenance of chrysanthemum morifolium, chrysanthemum morifolium and chrysanthemum morifolium. The ramets were divided in March.

1. Xiao Ju or ground cover chrysanthemum used for flower bed cultivation in Xiao Ju is a flower bed in late autumn. You can choose varieties with early flowering and long flowering period. After the cuttings survive in May-June, select a well-drained land as the boundary and plant with a row spacing of 30cm× 30cm. After coring for many times, the clustered plants are cultivated, fixed in August and September, and planted after budding.

2. Potted chrysanthemum cultivation In China, potted chrysanthemums are mainly used for the National Day, and most varieties of early chrysanthemums or autumn chrysanthemums are cultivated by shading. Potted chrysanthemums are mainly supplied for Mother's Day in the world, and the whole process of cultivating potted chrysanthemums is carried out in the greenhouse. The greenhouse is fully disinfected every half month, and the cuttings are often irrigated with fertilizer water after taking root. The flowering period can be adjusted by coring, changing big pots to make them reach the required number of branches, controlling plant height with chlormequat chloride, and short-day treatment.

3. Chrysanthemum cut flower cultivation plays an important role in the production of cut flowers in the world. It is required that the flower pattern is neat, the flower diameter is 7 ~ 12 cm, the flowers are bright, the flowers are semi-open, there are no pests and diseases, the leaves are dark green, the stems are straight, the height is above 80cm, and the hydroponic period is long. The cut-flower cultivation is similar to the conventional cultivation of autumn chrysanthemum, with the plant spacing of 12 ~ 13 cm and the row spacing of about 15cm, with 50 plants per square meter, which needs the support of nets. When harvesting, cut from the ground 10cm, remove the lower 1/3 leaves, and pack and transport 10 ~ 12 pieces. In order to ensure the quality of cut chrysanthemum, some countries strictly implement the variety, proportion and application time of fertilizer according to the plan, which greatly meets the growth needs of chrysanthemum and can fully show the characteristics of varieties.

4. Promote and inhibit cultivation in the long sunshine season. Plants with a height of 35-50 cm should be shaded at 17-7:00 on the second floor every day, or at 9- 10 before sunrise, with sunshine 10 hours every day. When the buds are colored, the shading will stop and the flowers will open ahead of time, which is called promoting cultivation. In the season of short sunshine, adding light 14.5h every day to control flower bud differentiation and delay flowering time is called cutting control.

5. Unconventional stuffing includes (1) chrysanthemum cultivation; (2) cliff chrysanthemum cultivation; (3) Chrysanthemum cultivation; (4) Chrysanthemum (ten brocade) cultivation; (5) table chrysanthemum cultivation.

Common diseases of chrysanthemum include brown spot, black spot, powdery mildew, brown rust, black rust, stick rot and so on. In order to prevent these diseases, we should pay attention to ventilation, prevent the soil from being too wet, and remove and destroy the diseased plants and leaves in time. Potted soil should be disinfected with formalin solution. During the growth period, the mixture was sprayed with Bordeaux solution, 68% zineb wettable powder 500 times or 50% Tobezin wettable powder and 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 50-800 times. Pests include aphids, red spiders, inchworm, chrysanthemum tiger, grubs, liriomyza sativae larvae, grasshoppers, snails, black cutworms, chrysanthemum borers, green blind stinkbug and so on, which can be controlled by strengthening cultivation management, artificial capture and spraying.

daisy

Alias chrysanthemum and chrysanthemum

Scientific name Bellis perennis

The family is a daisy in Compositae.

Ecological habit Daisies originated from Europe to West Asia and are now cultivated all over the world. It likes cold, humid and sunny environment and is relatively cold-resistant. When the surface temperature is not lower than 3 ~ 4 degrees Celsius, it can overwinter in the open air, but the double-petal big-flowered variety has poor cold resistance. Yes, soil.

The requirements are not strict, and it is not waterproof and moisture-proof. It is an annual herbaceous flower, which is usually planted once every two years.

Cultivation, management, sowing, dividing plants and cutting propagation can all be done. The optimum temperature for seed germination is 22 ~ 28 degrees Celsius. North China was sown in the open field from late August to early September, and it emerged 5 ~ 10 days after sowing, and moved to sunny border for wintering in late June 10. Planted in late April of the following year, plant spacing 12cmX 15cm. If sufficient fertilizer and water are given during the growing season, flowers will flourish and the flowering period can be extended. Daisies have developed fibrous roots. After flowering, it can be propagated one by one, planted in flowerpots, placed in the shade for summer, and moved into greenhouses in early winter to strengthen fertilizer and water management. It can bloom again in winter or next spring. The hot weather in summer often leads to poor growth and even death.

Marigold plants

Alias longevity chrysanthemum

Scientific name calendula

The family is calendula of Compositae.

Ecological habits originated from the Canary Islands in southern Europe to the Mediterranean coast of Iran. It is cold-resistant, so it can overwinter in the open air in the south of the Yangtze River in China, and it needs to enter a cold bed or cover the ground in the north of the Yellow River.

winter If you don't choose soil, loose and fertile soil will grow vigorously. Hey, there's plenty of light here. You can sow and reproduce by yourself. It is a biennial flower. Breeding adopts cultivation and management sowing method, which is sown in mid-September in North China, overwintering in late October at 5438+/kloc-0, sowing in late April and flowering in early May. Sowing in spring and flowering in early summer. Cultivation in the shade can safely overwinter, and it will bloom again in September and June, 65438+ 10. Pay attention to fertilizer and water management and pest control during flowering.

dahlia

Alias Tianzhu Peony, Passion Flower, Dahlia, Dali Chrysanthemum and Sweet Potato Flower.

Scientific name dahlia

The family belongs to Dahlia of Compositae.

Ecological habits originated in the Mexican plateau, not cold-resistant, hot summer growth is not good. The suitable temperature for growth is 10 ~ 30℃. Like the light, but not too strong. Not tolerant of drought, but also afraid of waterlogging. It needs loose, fertile and well-drained sandy loam. That year

Raw herbaceous flowers.

Planting, management and propagation are mainly based on plant division and cutting, and sowing is suitable for short flower bed varieties and cultivating new varieties. Plant division, spring germination, and root division. Each root has 1 ~ 2 rhizome buds, which are planted in wooden troughs or flowerpots. Cutting: In early spring, the root tuber is placed in a wooden trough, the crown of the stick is exposed from the soil surface, and it is placed in a hotbed to accelerate germination. When the buds grow to 6-7 cm, leave a pair of leaves at the base and cut the cuttings to make new buds grow in the axils of the leaves. Repeated cutting in this way, one seedling can reproduce 50 ~ 100, and the temperature is 15 ~ 22 degrees Celsius, 15 ~ 20 days. Sowing, in spring, in the open field or hotbed, or in the greenhouse, the suitable temperature is 12 ~ 30 degrees Celsius. When the potted plants grow to 4 ~ 5 cm, they need flower-dividing grooves or flowerpots. A large number of seedlings can be obtained quickly by sowing, but the characters are easy to vary. When the seedling height is 8 ~ 10cm, plant a flowerpot with a diameter of 10cm, with 3 plants in one pot and the seedling height of 12 ~ 15 cm. One plant in a pot. After 20 ~ 30 days, change the 16cm pot and add fertilizer. When the root system is full, it can be planted in the open field. The flowerpot needs to be replaced with a flowerpot of 33 ~ 40 cm. When the temperature is high in summer, spray water on the leaves 1 ~ 2 times a day. When the seedling leaves are light green, topdressing 1 ~ 2 times. Potted plants are based on humus.

Open field cultivation: the planting density varies with varieties, and it is 1 ~ 3 plants per square meter. A support needs to be erected. It is not advisable to apply too much nitrogen fertilizer after budding, otherwise the stems and leaves will grow white and affect flowering. Potting: Dwarf varieties are selected, the plant height is controlled between 35 and 60 cm, and the flower diameter can reach 25 to 35 to 60 cm. Storage of tuberous roots: dig out the dried and frosted tuberous roots, let them stand to about 16cm, dry them, and hide them in a cool place of 3 ~ 5 degrees Celsius.

The main disease is root rot, and the prevention and control methods are to strengthen field management, remove early cancer, and apply the mixed solution of methanol: glacial acetic acid: iodine tablets =4:2: 1 on the surface and around the cancer. Powdery mildew, spraying 800 ~ 1000 times of thiophanate or ethyl phosphate 1 time every 7 ~ 10 days. For leaf spot disease, spray 0.5 baumeishi sulfur mixture and Bordeaux mixture alternately, and spray 800 times bacitracin or carbendazim solution every 10 day. The main pests are red spider, aphid, heart eater and so on. Should be prevented in time.

China aster

Alias Jiangxi La, Lan Ju and July Chrysanthemum.

Scientific name cuiju

It belongs to compositae and Spiraea.

The ecological habits of Cuiju originated in China and distributed in Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong, Yunnan, Sichuan and other provinces, as well as North Korea and Japan. Now it has been widely planted all over the world. It likes sunny, warm and humid environment, and its cold tolerance is not strong. The lowest wintering temperature is 2 ~ 3 degrees Celsius, and flowering or opening is delayed at high temperature.

Bad flowers. Loose soil, like rich humus. Loose and fertile sandy loam with good drainage. Sowing by stages, flowering from May to 10, and the flowering time of each plant is about 10 days. It is a biennial herb flower.

Cultivation, management, sowing and propagation. Due to different varieties and application requirements, dwarf varieties are sown in greenhouse in February and March, and bloom in May and June. Sowing in the open field in April and May and flowering in June and July; Sow in the first half of July, and blossom around 10/month; Sowing in the first half of August, the seedlings overwinter in the cold bed and bloom around 1 in May of the following year. Medium-sized varieties, generally sown in May and June, bloom in August and September; Sowing in March, overwintering in cold bed, and flowering in May-June of the following year. High variety, sowing in summer and flowering in autumn. Under the condition of 10 ~ 20℃, it can germinate in 4 days. After the late frost, two real leaves were planted in the open field. Sufficient base fertilizer should be applied, top dressing should be done frequently and shallow turning should be paid attention to. Seedlings sown in autumn in northern China are planted in cold beds for winter. East China/KLOC-0 was sown in late June, and covered with straw in the open field for the winter. Short varieties should be watered after budding to form a low plant type and make flowers flourish. The common pest is rust, which can be controlled by 12O ~ 160 times bordeaux solution or 250 ~ 300 times sodium chloride solution. Rhizoctonia solani can be disinfected with 100 times formalin. Spraying 1500 times dimethoate can control red spider.

Dutch chrysanthemum

Alias new york Aster and Liu Ju.

Astnovich-Belghit

Aster in Compositae

Ecological habits originated in North America and are now widely planted in temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. Cold and drought tolerant. Strong adaptability, like sunny and ventilated environment and fertile sandy soil with good drainage. It is a perennial herb flower.

The original seeds for cultivation and management are propagated by sowing method, and sown in the open field from late March to mid-April. The optimum germination temperature is 15 ~ 18.

Degree, 14 days after sowing. Cultivars are propagated by cutting or dividing plants. Cut off the aboveground parts of plants in autumn and move them to the shade or plastic greenhouse for wintering. When the basal tiller bud is about 10cm long and has 8 leaves, the plant can be propagated in spring and autumn when the cuttings are taken from the seedbed with the ground temperature of 22 ~ 24 degrees Celsius. The time of ramet division in northern China should be one and a half months before soil freezing. Proper pruning in the early growth stage (May and June) and shaping and enucleation in July and August can make 65438+1 October1blossom. The last coring should be completed around September 5. Dutch chrysanthemum is prone to powdery mildew and brown spot, so it should be controlled with Bordeaux solution, 100O chlorothalonil solution or Tobuzin solution as soon as possible.

sunflower

Alias sunflower and lotus.

Scientific name sunflower

Helianthus of Compositae

Ecological habits originated in North America. Cultivated in all parts of China, the main producing areas are northeast, north and northwest. Like warmth, it needs plenty of sunshine, is drought-resistant and barren, and saline-alkali land can also grow. Millet.

Cultivation, management, sowing and propagation. Live broadcast in the open air in early spring can germinate at 4 ~ 5 degrees Celsius and land after 7 days. Seedlings grow rapidly, so interplanting should be done in time. The plant spacing is generally 40 ~ 60 cm, which is extensive in management and easy to cultivate.

Autumn Eucheuma

Alias Solidago canadensis

Scientific name Solidago canadensis

Solidago in Compositae

Ecological habits are native to northeastern North America. I like sunny, cool and dry environment. Neutral loam with cold tolerance, drought tolerance, fertility, looseness and good drainage is suitable. It is an annual herbaceous flower.

Cultivation, management, plant division, sowing and propagation. It can be divided into spring and autumn, once every three years, and each new plant should be planted.

There are more than three buds. Sow from March to April. It can be planted in the ground or potted. The seedlings bloom in the second year. Cultivation management is extremely extensive. Planting in the open field for 2 ~ 3 years requires replanting once.

Peacock grass

Alias red and yellow grass, rattan chrysanthemum, and small golden flower.

Scientific name marigold

Marigold in Compositae

Ecological habits originated in Mexico. I like sunshine, but I can grow and bloom in the shade. Like warmth. But it can resist early frost;

Strong drought resistance, avoid getting wet. Strong adaptability and loose requirements for soil. Transplanting resistance, fast growth, easy cultivation and less pests and diseases. It is an annual herbaceous flower.

Cultivation management adopts sowing or cutting propagation. Sowing in the seedbed from March to April, the optimum temperature for seed germination is about 20 degrees Celsius. Seedlings grow rapidly, so interplanting should be done in time. Transplanting 2 ~ 3 real leaves, planting in the open field in late May, generally flowering in 60 ~ 70 days. It can also be broadcast directly, and it usually blooms 50 ~ 60 days after sowing. Cutting from May to June, about 15 takes root, leaves the nursery in 20 days and blooms in 30 days. It is easy to lodging in the later stage, and the branches and leaves are withered and old. If the residual flowers are removed in time, the stems and leaves of the collection are thinned and topdressing is done once, the flowers can bloom again. Red spider is easy to occur in summer, and dicofol 1000 times can be sprayed for control.

Zinnia

Alias step by step, step by step, right leaf plum, five-color plum

Scientific name Zinna elegans

Zinnia, Compositae

Ecological habits originated in North America, Mexico and South America, and are planted all over the world. I prefer warmth to cold. Yiyang guangchong

Foot and tongue-shaped flowers increase under long sunshine conditions. Drought resistance, barren tolerance, avoidance of continuous cropping, and lax requirements for soil. It is an annual herbaceous flower.

Cultivation, management, sowing and propagation. The optimum temperature for germination is 20 ~ 25℃, the emergence time is 7 ~ 10 day, and it blooms about 70 days after sowing. When transplanting 2 ~ 3 true leaves, pick 4 ~ 5 true leaves to promote branching, and then plant seedlings after transplanting 2 ~ 3 true leaves. Topdressing can be applied 14 days after transplanting, and intertillage can be done in time. Cut flower varieties can be planted directly in early April, with true leaves 1 ~ 2 seedlings, true leaves 4 ~ 5 seedlings, 4 ~ 5 branches per plant, timely fertilization, watering, intertillage and weeding. You can cut the flowers in mid-June.

cineraria

Alias Gan Rilian. Pa throwing time

Scientific name hybrid Senecio scandens

Compositae genus, cucurbitaceae genus

Ecological Habits Guayeju likes cold climate and avoids cold and hot cheese. I like loose and fertile soil with good drainage. The suitable growth temperature is 10 ~ 15℃, and the seedlings can withstand the low temperature of 1 0℃.

Warm. There is no need for strong direct light, and slightly shaded places and bright scattered light are suitable.

Cultivation management adopts sowing method for reproduction. Sow in June ~ September, 10 ~ 20 days, and the temperature is 20 ~ 25℃. The seedlings were planted in a small pot with a diameter of 15cm. After planting, apply dilute fertilizer 1 time for 15 ~ 20 days until the first flower opens, and stop fertilization. If it is necessary to delay the flowering period, you can put the plants in a cold bed, turn the pots over and move them into a greenhouse 40-45 days before the flowers are used, and heat and maintain them. If flowers need to bloom at the same time, they need shaping. Chrysanthemum is an important winter flower, suitable for indoor and balcony planting.

Chrysanthemum porridge, a cool chrysanthemum porridge twice a day in summer, can relieve summer heat, quench thirst, dizziness and headache. Chen Yi, a famous provincial TCM doctor and director of the TCM Department of the Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, teaches you how to cook cool porridge with chrysanthemum.

Chrysanthemum porridge takes chrysanthemum 15g, rice 100g, and appropriate amount of rock sugar. Boil the chrysanthemum in water for 3-5 minutes, remove the residue to get juice, cook rice into porridge, add rock sugar and chrysanthemum juice, and cook for a few minutes. Dr. Chen reminded that people with qi deficiency and stomach cold should eat less.

Diet:

1。 Chrysanthemum tea is the most common, and chrysanthemums are also sold in supermarkets.

2。 Chrysanthemum wine chrysanthemum was used for brewing wine, which was popular as early as the Han and Wei Dynasties. Chrysanthemum wine is cool and sweet, which is a good product for strengthening body and prolonging life. From a medical point of view, chrysanthemum wine can improve eyesight, cure dizziness, lower blood pressure, and also has the effects of losing weight, nourishing liver qi, calming stomach and nourishing blood.

Production: Wash and dry the dried chrysanthemum, soak it in low-alcohol grain wine, and drink it after one or two days. Regular drinking can promote blood circulation and qi circulation, resist aging and prolong life. If Radix Rehmanniae, Radix Angelicae Sinensis and Fructus Lycii are added to the wine, it will have a good effect on dizziness, fatigue and dreaminess.

3。 Chrysanthemum cake Chrysanthemum cake is more Leng Xiang, calm and beautiful than ordinary cakes. This kind of cake is sweet, soft and crisp, melts in the mouth, and has the function of cooling and removing fire, so it is particularly popular. There are many ways to make chrysanthemum cakes. Here is the simplest one.

Ingredients: 20-30 Chrysanthemum morifolium, 200g horseshoe powder, fresh chrysanthemum 1 flower (chopped), and appropriate amount of rock sugar.

Practice: Boil the chrysanthemum with clear water for about 10 minute (wrap the chrysanthemum with gauze to avoid the trouble of slag separation). When the color is light yellow, don't cook it for too long, otherwise it will be slightly bitter. Take out chrysanthemum and add rock sugar to taste, the sweetness is slightly sweeter than normal, because adding horseshoe powder solution will dilute it. Add chopped fresh chrysanthemums. Water caltrop powder is dissolved in proper amount of water, poured into chrysanthemum water and steamed for about 15~20 minutes until it is completely transparent, so it can be eaten whether it is hot or cold. You can also add raisins, red and green silk, apricot meat and other small preserved fruit pieces or spread lemon slices in the sauce to increase the flavor.

4。 Chrysanthemum pot is a traditional dish of Xi, and flowers have a long history in China. Chrysanthemum cooking has a history of more than 2,000 years, and Qu Yuan has long chanted "Autumn Chrysanthemum Banquet". Tang Yuan Jie recorded in "Ju Pu Ji" that "medicine is a good medicine and food is a good dish". There were many ways for the ancients to eat chrysanthemums. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the imperial palace prevented the hot pot from having fresh soup, fish balls, fresh meat and chicken breast, tore the chrysanthemums into petals, covered the pot and cooked them stiffly. The fresh meat in the soup is tender and fragrant in an instant, bringing out the best in each other. It is called "Chrysanthemum Pot".

5。 Chrysanthemum can also be used as a cooking ingredient. There are many introductions in this field on the Internet. For example, court shredded chicken fried chrysanthemum, chrysanthemum yellow croaker soup, chrysanthemum porridge, fresh chrysanthemum cabbage bean curd soup, chrysanthemum lily tenderloin soup, and many, many detailed methods, I will not bother to complain. I can find it online myself.

The price of chrysanthemums depends on where you are. Generally, 5 yuan/Zhaqing will double, while abroad it will at least rise to 1.5 yuan/branch. It's not clear yet.

Chrysanthemum (scientific name: Dendranthema×grandiflorum) wrote "bow" in ancient times. Chrysanthemum bowed with her head down. In ancient times, when eating, the bow was very compact, so it was called chrysanthemum. Chrysanthemum is one of the traditional famous flowers in China. Chrysanthemum appreciation has a long history and various names. Appreciation of ancient chrysanthemums begins with the practicality of chrysanthemums. Ancient books in China recorded that chrysanthemums can be used as vegetables, flowers can be used as medicine, bags can be used as pillows, and they can be brewed and drunk. Therefore, a hermit cannot live without this flower for a day. " Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica in Ming Dynasty contains the effects of "benefiting five veins, regulating limbs, treating head wind-heat and brain bone pain, nourishing eyes and enriching blood, removing membranes and treating liver-qi deficiency". Chrysanthemum is named longevity and longevity because of its medicinal function of prolonging life. Because chrysanthemums open in September of the lunar calendar, they are also called Jiuhua, Jiuhua and Qiuju. Female stems and king flowers famous for their beautiful chrysanthemums; In ancient times, there was a single variety of chrysanthemums, which only had yellow flowers, so they were also called "yellow flowers" and "Jin Rui".

Chrysanthemum originated in China, and China is the origin center of chrysanthemum in the world, where there are many wild chrysanthemums. Chrysanthemum has been planted in China for more than 3000 years. As early as in the ancient book "Book of Rites", there was a record that "the moon is bright and autumn, and chrysanthemums bloom with yellow flowers". Chrysanthemum was cultivated as a medicinal plant in Han Dynasty, and was widely cultivated in Jin and Wei Dynasties, and then gradually developed into an ornamental flower. The Song Dynasty was the heyday of chrysanthemum development. The Chrysanthemum Book written by Liu Mengquan in Song Dynasty contains 163 species of chrysanthemums, which is the earliest chrysanthemum monograph in China. In the Ming Dynasty, Wang's Qunfangpu included more than 270 varieties of chrysanthemums. Chrysanthemums from many countries in the world came from China. Chrysanthemum from China was introduced into Japan from Korea in 386 AD, with a history of 1600 years. Chrysanthemum cultivated in Japan has become a variety that blooms all year round. /kloc-At the end of 0/7, the Dutch came to China to do business and brought chrysanthemums back to Europe. /kloc-In the middle of the 8th century, French merchants collected many fine varieties from China and introduced them to France. /kloc-Jun Fu, a British botanist in the 20th century, hybridized fine chrysanthemum varieties from China and Japan and spread them widely in Britain. Later, it was introduced to the United States from Britain. Now, chrysanthemum has spread all over the world, becoming a famous flower loved by people all over the world, and a flower wonder at all times and in all countries.