What are all the weather station observation programs?

The study of the methods and means of measuring and observing the physical and chemical processes of the Earth's atmosphere. Measurements and observations mainly include atmospheric gas composition and its concentration, aerosol particles, atmospheric temperature, humidity, pressure, wind, evaporation, precipitation, radiant energy, clouds, weather phenomena, atmospheric visibility, atmospheric electrical and optical phenomena. Meteorological observations include ground-based meteorological observations, high-altitude meteorological observations, atmospheric remote sensing and meteorological satellite detection. Meteorological observation is often a global or a region of the various observation projects grouped into a meteorological observation network to carry out. Observations can be divided into two categories: ① conventional observation network. A long-term stable observation of the global organization, for daily weather forecasting and accumulation of climate data services, which includes the global meteorological observation stations, ship stations, meteorological radar stations and meteorological satellite receiving stations. ② Specialized observation network. An observation system set up for specific research, such as the observation networks for the heavy rainfall experiments in Japan and the strong storm experiments in the United States. It tends to use more special instruments and equipment, as well as the development of specialized observation specifications. A more complete modern meteorological observation system consists of observation platforms, observation instruments, data collection and processing systems. ① Observation platform. According to specific technical requirements to install or set up the base point of the instrument. Such as meteorological observation fields, meteorological towers, meteorological ships, buoys at sea, etc. belongs to the ground meteorological observation platform; balloons, airplanes, rockets and meteorological satellites belong to the high-altitude meteorological observation platform. ② observation instruments. An atmospheric physics and atmospheric chemical elements into a readable output signal equipment, including sensing elements, conversion and transmission components and output instrumentation 3 most. Such as barometer, thermometer, hygrometer, meteorological radar and so on. ③ data collection and processing system. A kind of instrument output signal according to a certain format collection, storage, after artificial or computer processing, display, storage and timely forwarding to the meteorological observation network center of the work system.