Ancient Xiangxiong Culture of Ancient Xiangxiong Civilization

Xiangxiong, which was called "Yangtong" by Han scholars in the later part of history and also written as "Xiangxiong", is a Chinese character based on the transliteration of the two words "Xiangxiong" in Tibetan.

Every nation has its own history of civilization. From the four great civilizations of the world to the tribes and nations that are still in primitive forms in some corners of the earth, all have their own civilizations of different degrees. The Tibetans, as a member of the Chinese family, have flourished on the Tibetan Plateau since ancient times.

According to a large number of documents and excavated artifacts, the history of the Tibetans can be traced back to the Neo-Paleolithic Age, which was 7,000 to 10,000 years ago. During the long history, she has created her own splendid and unique ancient civilization in the same way as other ethnic groups in the struggle with nature.

Many historical materials show that Xiangxiong not only preceded the rise of Ya ridge tribe, but also established the powerful Tubo dynasty with Ya ridge tribe, in the long-term historical evolution and ethnic interaction, the Xiangxiong nation and the Tibetan people gradually fused to become a member of the Chinese nation; and Xiangxiong itself with the Tubo dynasty from the Yuan dynasty into the motherland territory, becoming an inseparable part of the motherland.

Xiangxiong culture is the native culture of Tibet, China, which includes a vast array of cultural systems, such as medicine, architecture, declamation, elucidation, Buddhism, and astronomy, philosophy, etc. It is the culture of the people living on the snowy plateau. It is the crystallization of the civilization wisdom of Tibetan ancestors living in the snowy plateau. Open the ancient Xiangxiong heavy history scroll, Xiangxiong culture, a lineage, endless, after thousands of years of precipitation accumulation, carrying the immortal spirit of the Tibetan people, on behalf of Tibet's long history and culture of the "root" and "soul". It is the precious cultural heritage and spiritual wealth of the Snowy Plateau left to the world. The spirit and tradition of Xiangxiong culture has penetrated into the bone marrow of the Tibetan nation, and it completely rules the world of the Tibetan nation's mind, shapes the nation's way of thinking and behavior, and becomes an indispensable part of the Tibetan nation's daily life.

The ancient Chinese culture of Xiangxiong is the source and root culture of Tibet! As the source of Tibetan culture, the Xiangxiong Dynasty, full of mysterious legendary color, in the snowy plateau towering over the roof of the world, has shown the light of its splendid civilization which still shines on the whole Tibetan area until now, and the traditional customs and cultures extended from it have been handed down to this day. We are familiar with the modern turn of the sacred mountain, worship sacred lake, kowtow long head, sprinkle Lunda, hanging colorful streamers, pile of stone supply, fire supply, water supply, will supply, simmering sang, Duo Ma, ghee flower, rubbing, vajra knot; and Tibetan language, dzi beads, heavenly iron, as well as jumping pots and pans, XuanDao dance, painting art, and so on are also originated in the ancient culture of Xiangxiong.

Ancient Xiangxiong, whether it is culture or religion, has had a great impact on later generations. The culture of ancient Elephantine even influenced the cultures of many other neighboring countries and nationalities, and to this day, these symbols of civilization from ancient Elephantine can still be found in the fields of culture, art, and religion around the world, and the remnants of ancient Elephantine civilization can still be seen today, which is a valuable spiritual treasure for the Tibetan people and even for the world's people. At present, there are research institutes or study centers of the Elephant and Male culture in many places around the world, such as France, Germany, Norway, England, Italy, Russia, the United States, Mexico, Canada, Japan, Thailand, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Thailand and North and South America. Because of the "ancient Xiangxiong civilization" has a long and splendid history, has been included in the scope of protection of the world cultural heritage. 2014 November "Xiangxiong Great Tibetan Scriptures" Chinese translation project has been formally listed as the Propaganda Department of the National Social Science Foundation major projects.

The cultural heritage of a nation carries the pride and honor of the nation; the protection and inheritance of the ancient Xiangxiong cultural heritage is also the guardian of the Tibetan nation's former glory, current heritage and future hope. Xiangxiong culture is profound and deep, we should protect and study it, promote it to all over the world, so that the world can truly understand its great wonders. The protection of Xiangxiong culture is not only to protect the local culture of Tibet, but also to safeguard the interests of education of human society, because it is not only an important part of Tibetan and Naxi cultures, but also an important part of the world's cultures. Xiangxiong culture is the essence of the wisdom of the ancient Tibetan people, and Xiangxiong culture is not only the culture of China, but also the culture of the world. Protecting the Xiangxiong culture is protecting the ancient culture of China! To save the culture of Xiangxiong is to save the culture of the world!

Ancient Elephant and Castle Buddhism not only involves religion, but also covers folk customs, astronomy, calendar, Tibetan medicine, philosophy, Ingenuity (logic), debating, art, dance, music and other aspects, and is an important spiritual belief of the people of Tibet and its neighboring areas, and still plays an indispensable role in the spiritual and cultural life of the Tibetan people.

Luan Jianzhang, deputy director of the Research Office of the Central Committee's Foreign Liaison Department, once wrote an article evaluating the historical significance of the Xiangxiong civilization and Yongzhong's teachings: "It is not an exaggeration to say that, in order to understand the Tibetan civilization, one must understand the Xiangxiong civilization first; and, in order to study Tibetan Buddhism, one must study the present teachings first. Otherwise the deeper the inquiry, the farther away from the truth it may be."

Ancient Elephant and Hsiung civilization in politics, culture and all aspects of life are integrated into the ideas of this religion, the Buddha Sin Rao Miwo created the Yongzhong this religion changed a lot of primitive beliefs, including changes in the killing of sacrifices to the gods and so on, and he used tsampa and ghee pinched into a variety of colorful threads in the form of a flower plate in lieu of the primitive this religion to be killed in the sacrifice of the animals, thereby reducing the killing, which is the dolma and ghee flowers of the This is the original origin of dolma and ghee flowers. Dolma and ghee flowers are also widely used as offerings by other Tibetan Buddhist sects and have become a major feature of Tibetan Buddhism.

Sin Rao also skillfully absorbed the essence of the original culture, such as Tibetan medicine, astronomy, calendar, geography, fortune-telling, transcendence, dreaming, inviting wealth, inviting good fortune, inscriptions on stone tablets, carvings, and rituals such as bathing.

Before the seventh century, all the astronomers, educators, translators, physicians, hangers, fortune-tellers, feng shui masters, and all cultured scholars in the Xiangxiong region of Tibet were honored with the title of "Benpo," and all the cultures and religions of the Tibetan Plateau at that time could be called "Benjiao". Benjiao". The Ancient Elephant and Hsiung Dharma Yongzhong Buddhism originated in Central Asia in the area of the Ancient Elephant and Hsiung "Gangdis Mountain" and "Marbunyongcuo Lake", and the Ancient Elephant and Hsiung's Prince Xinrao Miwo compassionately taught the "Ancient Elephant and Hsiung Dharma", also known as the "Ancient Elephant and Hsiung Dharma", for the purpose of rescuing the living beings. ", also known as "Yongzhong Benbo Dharma" (referred to as "the teachings"), "Yongzhong Benjiao" is the Buddha Xinrao Miwo transmitted by the ancient Buddhism.

The Elephant and Castle Sutra is in fact the source of all Tibetan history, religion and culture, and is an extremely valuable source for the study of the ancient civilization of the Tibetan people, which is also an important area that no Tibetan cultural researcher can bypass.

Ancient Elephant and Castle Dharma is the most supreme in the traditional culture of Ancient Elephant and Castle Dharma, which is the oldest Dharma in Tibet and the oldest Dharma in the history of mankind.

Far before the introduction of Indian Buddhism to Tibet, more than 10,000 years ago, the ancient elephantine Dharma "Yongzhongbenjiao" has been widely spread in the Snowy Plateau, and it is the most important spiritual beliefs of the Tibetan people.

Modern Chinese and foreign Tibetan scientists try their best to study the history of Xiangxiong, including the study of Xiangxiong language and writing, more prominent. Only Xiangxiong people's names and place names, Xiangxiong in the tenth century before the name of the many kings and ministers and Xiangxiong territory of the sixty place names, all for the Xiangxiong language, the modern level of Tibetan language and then high, but also difficult to understand its meaning. Ali region is still using the ancient Xiangxiong era of place names, if you want to understand its meaning, do not understand the language of Xiangxiong, it is difficult to know.

After the tenth century, the descendants of the Tubo royal family ruled Xiangxiong, spreading Buddhism and generalizing the Tibetan language, gradually assimilating Xiangxiong. At the beginning of the seventh century A.D., before King Songtsen Gampo created the Tibetan language, the teachers of Xiangxiong used the Xiangxiong language to write the sutra of this religion and preached in the era of the seven kings of the Tubo Tianchi. In Songtsen Gampo's time, before the creation of the Tibetan language, Songtsen Gampo sent people with letters to Nepal and the Tang Dynasty to propose marriage, and it is likely that these letters were written in the Elephantine language at that time.

Some modern Tibetan scholars abroad believe that the Tibetan script was transformed on the basis of the Elephantine script, learning from the statements of Kashmir and India, a conception that is not unreasonable. Individual Tibetan scholars will be treasured and Songtsen Gampo the same era of Xiangxiong king LiMiJia's seal and part of the Xiangxiong text to show as evidence, further proved that there is indeed Xiangxiong text. In the primitive this religion period, the Tibetan ancestors have mastered the most basic knowledge of astronomy and calendar, that the celestial body of all things are composed of earth, wood, water, fire, air five elements, including all living things, and with its corresponding five major boundaries will be and the smooth reversal of the formation of the sun, moon and stars, the change of seasons, climate change and biological functions of the natural phenomena, as a way to project destiny, which is called the This is the so-called "Dazi" (Five Elements Calculation).

To the Yongzhong this religion period, its founder Dumba Sin Rao Miwo Buddha will "Khaizi phantom algorithm", "gossip nine palace" Lin Guo "projected", "five elements of the Wheel of Time", "Jixia karma karma calculations" (now known as the second Ruo Le Zi, that is, the fate of the theory of science) and other this religion of the Calendar taught Chaxin - Le Jie Tangbu and his son Gongwu Chibu and others.

4th century B.C., the first Tibetan king of the Tubo Niechi Zampo (360-345) period, from the Xiangxiong (present-day Tibet in the area of Pulan County, Zada County, etc.) invited twelve Zhi Ben. Each of them was a learned man, assisting Zangpo to rule the Yalong Valley and the surrounding areas, and to implement the calendar algorithm of this religion and the knowledge of medicine.

One of them was named Guo Ersi - Zikang, who knew astronomy and calendar. He to the sun, the moon, the operation of the stars, projecting the seasons, weather and wind, to assist in agriculture and animal husbandry production and labor. According to the different shapes of the stars, the twenty-seven hosts have more visualized names, and to this day in the Tibetan farming and pastoral areas still use it to project the rain, drought, frost, hail and pests in the year or the coming year, in order to prevent crop damage. Dumba Sin Rao was the earliest Tibetan doctor. Xiangxiong is the earliest birthplace of Tibetan culture and the birthplace of the original Tibetan religion. Xiangxiong is located in today's Tibet Autonomous Region in the area of Plain County, Ali District. This place is the birthplace of Dumba Singrao, the founder of Yonchung Bengtism.

The first "medical text" of this religion, legend has it that Dumba Sin Rao married the daughters of nine tribal masters as wives, and had eight children. One of the concubine surnamed Zhai for him in 637 BC Tibetan calendar year of the wood monkey gave birth to Jeb Chushi. Jeb Chushi later became the medical heir of Denpasi roundabout and named the compilation of his father's medical treatise Multiple Dreams Shift, which is one of the Zongyuan books in the Four Medical Canons that we now use. It has a postscript that chronicles the history of all the successors from Jebchushi to the seventh century AD. Dungpa Singrao passed on the Nine Hierarchies of Cheese Medicine to Jebchusi, the main successor of the religion, and it was later passed on in turn by Muzazha Zahei, Sertu Jiejang, Dongjung Tulchin, and Jetsamachung.

The famous Tibetan medical text, the Four Medical Canons (or Four Sequels), also has its roots in the Five Great Sequels of Healing Formulas. It was translated by the great translator Vishnu Shakyamuni from the medical texts of this religion. According to Nyima Tenzin's Preface to the Ganjur Catalog, the names of the Immortals prayed to and the medical mantras in the Four Medical Classics all remain in the original Elephantine language, which is a good indication that they originated from the medical texts of this religion. In addition, by the three Indian yoga mantra from the Sangye Monastery found in the volcano, should also be the Jeb Chushi said the "medical scriptures" and "seven chapters of the present sparse" and so on undoubtedly.

Later in the Tibetan circulation of medical science from the ancient Elephant and Castle culture, one of the clear evidence is: Dunhuang ancient Tibetan literature, on the prescription of two volumes, two volumes of fire moxibustion formula, *** four volumes, one of the fire moxibustion formula volume of the afterword, said: "This volume in the library is also not available, it is from the collection of all the therapeutic formula, and with the Elephant and Castle of the fundamental therapeutic formula and become." In analyzing and judging the causes of a disease, divination is indispensable, therefore, when classified by the Five Principles of Medicine, the art of divination is included in the Medical Formulas. Sin Rao Miwu Buddha in the Chasin Zu Fei Lijia and other people in the Chasin teachings of the law, but also the "degree" (sacrifice), healing formula, "seek to mention", divination, round light, divination, sound, arithmetic, medicine, also in view of the reason together.