A Summary of Drama Creation in the Second Decade of Modern Literature in China

China's early dramas are generally called civilized dramas and civilized new dramas, also known as new dramas. According to Xu, this "civilized drama" was originally named by a female audience. "They think that a marriage without fighting or making trouble is called a civilized marriage, so a play without fighting or making trouble should be called a civilized play." (Memoirs of the Founding Period of Drama, China Drama Publishing House, 1957, p. 124). Hong Shen believes that a drama may be called a civilized drama because it was introduced from civilized countries such as Europe, America and Japan. In any case, the word "civilization" always means a compliment. Hong Shen: From China's New Plays to Dramas. After the May 4th Movement, the word "new drama" was used more often, and sometimes it was also called "American drama" or "drama". It was not until 1928 that Drama was officially named "drama".

The earliest drama movement in China was The Ugly History of Officialdom, which was performed by Shanghai St John's College from 65438 to 0899. The earliest drama group in China was the Spring Willow Society organized by Tokyo1907 (190665438+February).

China's dramas have experienced the development stage of civilized new dramas-American dramas-left-wing dramas-national defense dramas-historical dramas in Kuomintang-controlled areas and liberated areas-new operas-avant-garde dramas.

The left-wing drama period, also known as the "new drama movement" period, put forward the slogan of drama popularization and proletarian drama. 1930 in August, the "Left-wing Troupe Alliance" was established. 193 1 was changed to "China Left-wing Dramatists Union". On the whole, the theoretical exploration achievements of the left-wing drama movement are greater than the creative achievements.

First, the new drama of civilization-the germination and birth of China's modern drama

(A) the introduction of drama

/kloc-at the end of 0/9, it was introduced to China by western expatriates.

(2) New civilized drama (drama)

1907, the Spring Willow Society, established in Tokyo, Japan, began to explore the modernization of drama. In his early days, he performed translated plays, such as La Traviata and Black Slave Xu Tianlu.

(C) Evolution Group's "Tianzhipai New Drama"

Created the early creation and performance mode of China's modern drama. The first task is to publicize the revolution, attack feudal rule and highlight the educational function of performance.

Second, the criticism of traditional drama and the construction of western-style "new drama"

(A) China traditional drama

1, theme theme: the idea of being a talented person and a beautiful woman, loyal to the country and reporting good and evil. (Outer packaging of feudal culture)

2. Structure: What a happy ending, full of humanitarianism and a patient tragedy. (Western tragedies are mostly sublime tragedies)

3. Expression: Pay attention to singing and doing things. Pay attention to pleasing to the eye, and win with euphemistic and tortuous singing and gorgeous costumes. Replicable way, "Qian Shan has one or two miles of water and three or four thousand troops".

4, the stage role: life, Dan, net, end, ugly.

5. Disadvantages: The solidification of art forms contains a lot of feudal thoughts. Be criticized as "no ideal, the article is extremely bad." The stale art of "weird slapping players in the face, childish stage equipment, no touching feelings" According to (money)

(B) the construction of new drama

1, the needs of the times

The May 4th New Culture Movement, the need of ideological enlightenment, and the promotion of all-round modernization of literature and art.

2. Translation of Western Drama: The Sixth Special Issue of Ibsen's New Youth, Volume V..

19 17-1924 has more than 70 translated scripts published by 26 newspapers and 4 publishing houses, involving more than 70 playwrights from17 countries. Such as Shakespeare, Ibsen, Bernard Shaw, Tagore, Wilde, Chekhov, antle, Tolstoy, Schiller and Moliere.

3. The theoretical construction of Hu Shi and others and the emergence of "social drama"-Hu Shi's thesis Ibsen and his play "Life Events": Chen Dabei's "Everyone is Human", Ou Yangyuqian's "Bitch", Xiong Foxi's "Where am I Going" and so on.

Take drama as a tool to improve life and advocate realistic drama.

4. Re-evaluate the status of drama: the drama on the edge of ancient literature gradually shifted to the center of literature. The new drama has become a popular art form, which obviously embodies the instrumental function of education, which is longer than the pleasure of viewing and shorter than the entertainment art of rational thinking. Traditional drama mainly exists as an elegant art.

Third, "love American TV series" and small theater movement.

(A) the failure to transplant the western drama model caused by the localization of drama thinking

The failure of Mrs Warren's career.

Practice of "Shanghai People's Drama Club" (Mao Dun, Chen Dabei, etc. , founded the drama monthly) and "drama association" (Yunwei Ying, Ou Yangyuqian, etc. Advocating the realistic concept of drama, emphasizing that drama reflects the times and undertakes the educational task of social enlightenment, has formed the upsurge of social problem drama.

(B) "Love American TV series" puts forward "non-commercial, with the purpose of promoting the art of new drama."

The rise of students' amateur drama activities is against the commercialization of drama.

Small theater movement

1. Theory: 19 19 Song Chunfang's The Significance, Origin and Present Situation of Small Theater.

Chen Dabei's Beautiful Drama.

2. The director system replaced the star system.

3. Performance: "Rich Boy" is the first time that China performed a play in strict accordance with the way of European and American countries, with three-dimensional scenery, props, director and stage supervisor.

(D) Interesting drama trend of thought

The failure of the performance of Occupy Mrs. Warren caused people to think about the interest and appreciation of drama. Song Chunfang put forward the view that "drama is artistic, not idealized", and Xiong Foxi also declared that "any school's scripts are top grade as long as they contain infinite interest". This kind of exploration is valuable, but it also leads to the excessive pursuit of interest, and the drama lacks artistry and becomes a farce.

Fourth, the "national drama movement"

1925, Wen Yiduo, Yu Shangyuan, Zhao Taimou and others, with the support of Xu Zhimo, opened a special issue of Drama Magazine in the supplement of Beijing Morning Post, advocating the "National Drama Movement". The basic purpose is to oppose Ibsen's social drama, to oppose the use of drama to spread ideas, to express life, to advocate the so-called abstract "pure art", and then to praise China's ". However, under the special circumstances at that time and the long-term existence of China War, the concept of "purely for entertainment" in drama was not accepted by reality, which declared the untimely failure of advocacy.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) The Creation of Guo Moruo, Tian Han and Ding Xilin

(1) Guo Moruo's drama creation: "Xiang Lei and Three Rebellious Women" is full of the May 4th era's strong pursuit of human dignity and anti-feudal ethics and autocracy, full of poetry, and belongs to a romantic drama.

(2) Tian Han

The most outstanding playwright in the 1920s.

Tian Han (1898- 1968): Formerly known as Tian Shouchang, he was born in Changsha, Hunan, and was one of the founders of Chuangshe. The main leader of the drama movement in South China. 1920 published his first novel "Fantuo and Rose". His main works are: Fan E's Injustice and Rose, Suzhou Nightingale, Night in Cafe, Suzhou Nightingale, Night of Tiger Catching, Death of Famous Brand, Tragedy on the Lake and Ancient Pond.

Influenced by neo-romanticism, the concept of drama attaches importance to emotion, intuition, fantasy and imagination, expresses the soul and desire of the heart, attaches importance to lyricism, shows certain decadence, sentimentality and pessimism, and has an aestheticism tendency. The tendency of realism in later creation was enhanced.

He created a series of artists' images and discussed the tragedy of disillusionment and destruction of beauty.

On the one hand, Tian Han's plays show social problems and expose all kinds of evils that social and traditional forces suppress human nature; On the one hand, it shows people's psychology of suppressing decadence in the dark reality, and their unwilling and silent pursuit of light.

A combination of romanticism and realism, but mainly romanticism

The combination of lyric and drama

On the one hand, the theme of Tian Han's dramas in the 1930s is a script that shows the life and struggle of workers, and the masterpiece is Plum Rain. The second is to express the theme of patriotism and resistance to Japan. For example, Song of Rejuvenation and Lugou Bridge.

Representative works in the 1940s include Ode to Autumn Sound and Two Ways. "Second Road" shows the social life in the 1940s in a panoramic way, with three lines juxtaposed and rich connotations, which has a certain depth and breadth in the performance of life and reality.

After liberation, Tian Han created historical dramas with high artistic value, such as Guan Hanqing.

At the same time, Tian Han also created more than ten movie scripts and adapted a large number of opera scripts in his life, becoming an outstanding organizer and leader of China's early revolutionary music films.

(3) Ding Xilin

A bumblebee, oppression, three yuan national currency, drunk, and the air in Beiping.

Ding Xilin's drama creation was influenced by modern British world comedies (witty comedies), and most of them exposed the worldly wisdom of the upper class. They were hypocritical, pedantic, absurd and shameless, witty in language and changeable in plot. It's a humorous comedy, not an irony. Ding Xilin's comedy idea is "deception".