What kinds of ancient silk are there?

There are four famous embroideries in ancient silk, namely Suzhou embroidery, Shu embroidery, Xiang embroidery and Yue embroidery. It can also be divided into three famous brocade, namely Yunjin, Jin Shu and Jin Song.

One or four famous embroideries.

1, Su embroidery

Suzhou embroidery is the general name of embroidery products centered on Suzhou, Jiangsu, including Jiangsu area. Suzhou embroidery originated in Wuxian, Suzhou, near Taihu Lake, with mild climate and rich silk. Local women have a traditional habit of being good at embroidery.

Superior geographical environment and rich brocade have created favorable conditions for the development of Suzhou embroidery. In the long historical development process, Suzhou embroidery has formed a local style with beautiful patterns, harmonious colors, bright lines, lively stitches and fine embroidery, and is known as the "Oriental Pearl".

2. Shu embroidery

Also known as "Sichuan embroidery", it is the general name of Sichuan embroidery products centered on Chengdu. Shu embroidery has a long history. According to the Records of Huayang Guochang Canal in Jin Dynasty, embroidery in Shu was very famous at that time, and Shu embroidery and Shu brocade were regarded as famous products in Shu. Shu embroidery takes soft satin and colored silk as the main raw materials, with various stitches, giving full play to the specialty of manual embroidery and forming a strong local style.

The themes of Shu embroidery are mostly flowers and birds, animals, mountains and rivers, insects and fish, and people. In addition to purely ornamental embroidery screens, there are quilts, pillowcases, clothes, shoes, cushions, tablecloths, headscarves, handkerchiefs, painted screens and so on. There are huge screens and small pockets, which are exquisite works of art with both ornamental and practical functions.

3. Xiang embroidery

Xiang embroidery is the general name of embroidery products centered on Changsha, Hunan. Xiang embroidery won the best prize and the first prize in the first year of the Republic of China (19 12) and the second year of the Republic of China (1933) respectively, and was praised as super embroidery abroad. Xiang embroidery is characterized by embroidery with wool (untwisted wool). In fact, the velvet thread is treated with solution to prevent pilling. This kind of embroidery is called "fine wool embroidery" locally.

Xiang embroidery is also dominated by traditional Chinese painting, with vivid form and bold style. There used to be a reputation that "embroidered birds can smell, embroidered tigers can run and embroidered people can express their feelings". The color matching characteristics of Hunan embroidery humanistic painting are mainly dark gray, black and white, as elegant as ink painting; The daily necessities of Xiang embroidery are brightly colored and decorative.

4. Cantonese embroidery

Guangdong embroidery art includes two schools: Guangdong embroidery and Chaozhou embroidery. According to legend, it was originally created by ethnic minorities, and it is in the same strain as the brocade made by the Li nationality. Previously, embroidery workers were mostly men from Guangzhou and Chaozhou, which was rare in the world. Guangdong embroidery began in the Tang Dynasty and formed its own characteristics in the middle and late Ming Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, it was exported from Guangzhou Port and became famous overseas.

Exquisite skills, strong decorative elements, rich and bright colors, smooth and bright embroidered velvet, distinct arts and sciences, and free and easy velvet strips. Du Yang Zapian, written by Su E in the Tang Dynasty, describes Cantonese embroidery as "as thin as hair, with complete sentences".

Second, three famous brocade

Yunjin 1

Yunjin refers to a kind of jacquard silk handicraft produced in Nanjing, with fine weaving, exquisite patterns and colorful brocade patterns, which combines the achievements of silk weaving techniques in previous dynasties and valuable experience of other silk weaving techniques and reaches the peak of silk weaving techniques. The main feature of brocade is that flowers are different in color from flowers. From different angles, the colors of flowers on embroidery are different.

The history of brocade can be traced back to the Song Dynasty. It is named after its bright color and looks like a cloud in the sky. Popular in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties were royal tributes, which were called the last milestone in the history of ancient brocade technology in China. In 2006, Yunjin was included in the first batch of China's intangible cultural heritage list, and in September 2009, it was selected into the United Nations representative list of human intangible cultural heritage. The inheritance unit is Nanjing Yunjin Research Institute.

2. Shu brocade

Shu brocade originally refers to colorful brocade produced in Sichuan, and later became the general name of brocade with similar weave produced in various places. Shu brocade is mostly woven with dyed silk thread, starting with warp, starting with colored stripes or adding flowers, and combining geometric pattern organization with ornamentation. The patterns of Shu brocade are widely used, such as myths and legends, historical stories, exhibition inscriptions, landscape figures, flowers, birds and animals.

Chengdu "Jinguan City" was named after Qin and Han Dynasties, and almost all brocade products from Qin and Han Dynasties to Sui and Tang Dynasties were Shu brocade. It is one of the main commodities of the Silk Road, and it is also the predecessor of traditional Japanese national treasure handicraft Kyoto Xizhan Weaving. In 2006, Shu brocade weaving technology was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list. The inheritor is Chengdu Jin Shu Weaving and Embroidery Museum.

3. Jin Song

Jin Song originated in the late Song Dynasty and was mainly produced in Suzhou. The pattern structure is precise and meticulous, and the texture is firm and soft; The pattern is symmetrical, rigorous and changeable, rich and smooth; The use of color is bright but not fire, complex but not chaotic; The main feature of the production process is that the warp and weft show flowers at the same time Jin Song is very practical, soft and firm in texture, exquisite in pattern, wear-resistant, washable repeatedly and widely used.

Song brocade was developed on the basis of Shu brocade in Tang Dynasty. In 2006, it was included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list. The inheritor is Suzhou Silk Museum.

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