The history and culture of the gate

The exact time when the door appeared is difficult to verify, and there is no need to study it carefully.

However, as early as our ancestors lived in caves, the prototype of the door may have been produced.

Probably from the moment when human beings produced human consciousness and home consciousness, doors also came into being.

Isn't the cave where cavemen lived, which was blocked by some stones and tree trunks at the entrance as a barrier, the original human gate? Don't many people see human childhood through this door? Who was the first person to step into the door of China architectural culture? The answer to the ancient myth is: One day.

"Everything is wrong" describes: "In ancient times, there were fewer people and more animals, and the people were invincible.

There are saints, who build trees as nests, avoid group harm, and the people like it, and establish the king of the world in the name of the nest family. "Probably since humans climbed down from trees, there were wooden houses with nests on the ground, and there were doors.

"The Book of Songs Chen Feng" "Under the cross gate, you can stay overnight", which is a very simple door.

Copula, the Book of Changes, said: "Ancient people lived in caves and lived in the wild, while later sages used palaces easily." .

Go to the next building and wait for the wind and rain. "Or avoid animals, or wait for the wind and rain.

Jade called "the place where people go in and out" the door, and Boya said, "The door, keep it." The seemingly contradictory definition actually reveals that doors have at least two functions: one is to let people in and out, and the other is to keep them.

Defender, hold it.

Against what? I think the original door is to prevent the attack of wild animals and to keep out the cold. The modern gate has the responsibility of preventing the same kind, that is, preventing thieves.

Therefore, "Explanation of Names" says "screen protection under the door", which is a very accurate and accurate explanation.

"Green guards the palace gate, and when the sun closes, it is spring." Another meaning of the door is to hide deep and cover up the inside.

Ordinary people, even if there is a dispute between husband and wife, should close the door for fear that neighbors will hear them and wash their dirty linen in public.

Needless to say, those rich people in chamber pot Red Mansion have a lot of nasty and evil things, and their secrets are not deep.

As for the high walls in the palace, dazzling sleeves and bitter blood and tears in the cold palace, it will always be a mystery to outsiders.

The profound China culture has cultivated many things into colorful patterns, which reflects its own profoundness.

The same is true of the culture about doors.

With the development of society and the improvement of productivity, the production level of doors is getting higher and higher, and its function has also changed from a single "barrier" to various aspects.

There are Zhaimen, Yimen, Li Men, Lumen, Xiangmen, Fangmen, Shimen, Temple Gate, School Gate, Factory Gate, Zhaimen, Yamen, Prison Gate, Gongmen, Fumen, Chengmen, Guomen and many other names.

According to the position of the door, it can be divided into main door, second door, corner door, ear door, side door, main door, back door, east gate, west gate, south gate and north gate.

According to the material of doors, there are doors, Chai Men, wooden doors, stone gates, iron gates, magnet doors, crystal doors, glass doors, aluminum alloy doors, security doors, steel doors and so on.

The door is not only the face of the building, but also an independent building, such as the rolling ridge door of the house, the regular door of the alley, the mountain gate of the temple and the city gate.

China's unique architectural culture is more and more unique because of the "door".

The ancients said that "the house is crowned with the portal", which shows that the portal has the function of displaying the image.

In the old society, the door was a symbol of wealth, poverty, wealth and decline.

The poorer the family, the shorter the door.

Especially in the remote mountain village surrounded by pine trees, with dark leaves, Chai Men near the water and fragrant rice, the common people make firewood for the door, which shows that there is a home here.

Only those rich people can notice that the gatehouse is tall, the gate is thick, exquisitely carved and colorful.

This can not only be strictly different from ordinary people, but also show off in the long street, making you close to the door, feeling three points shorter, and my husband is a little scared.

In A Dream of Red Mansions, Granny Liu entered Guo Rongfu and stood beside the stone lion in front of the door for quite a while. She was too scared to enter the door before sneaking into the corner door and saying to the doorman, "What a blessing for a man."

There are more royal rules. In the past, the gate of Tiananmen Gate was only opened when the emperor ascended the throne and got married. The middle gate could only be left by the emperor, and civil and military officials went in and out through the side door.

The huge doornail at the palace gate, which is nine horizontal and nine vertical, 998 1 vertical, is like a protruding Chinese character, which embodies a great article of China traditional culture.

The door of the house was mighty, and both of them closed it. After a long time, the imagination of ancient ancestors about the mythical world was shaped into the shape of armor and belly.

The list of door gods is very long, from Shen Tu and Lei Yu to Qin Qiong and Weichi Gong, as well as Zhong Kui, Wei Zhi, Yao Qi and Ma Wu, and Guan Yu, Guan Yu or Zhou Cang, Jiao Zan and Yu Liang.

What is the stone lion in front of the door, "Thirteen Pacific Insurance"? How do "Taishan Shi Gandang" and "Bao Gu Shi" realize the function of "defending houses"? As the saying goes, "the pig is a beginner, and it is blessed." On holidays, a paper-cut of the fat pig arch with a cornucopia is posted on the door.

To ward off evil spirits, house town, pray for blessings, exorcise evil spirits, welcome blessings, and make money, the doorway has become a showcase of ancient and modern customs.

Door frame: a door frame embedded in the wall to support and fix the door leaf.

Door leaf; The main body of the door, the part that can be opened and closed freely.

Door shaft: the shaft around which the door rotates when it is opened and closed, and now it is mostly a metal hinge or hinge.

Liangzi: The window on the door leaf is used for lighting and ventilation.

Window: a window on a door leaf, used to transmit light or see each other.

Shutter: under the door leaf, used for indoor ventilation.

Accessories: handle: manual switch device of the door.

Door lock: lock the door to prevent theft, sometimes integrated with the handle.

Doorbell: a bell installed on a door, which can be opened when people hear it indoors.

Threshold: a crossbar, stone or metal strip at the lower end of a door frame.

House number: the number of the house nailed to the door.

Cat's eye: a small lens installed on the door, used for observing foreigners in the indoor observation room.

Door closer: a device that automatically closes the door after opening it.

Door clamp: a device that keeps the door in place after opening it.

Knocker: A usually decorative fixing device, usually consisting of a metal plate and a metal ring suspended from it by hinges.

Old-fashioned door device: bolt: a sliding bolt inserted into the door after it is closed, so that the door cannot be pushed open.

Door nose: a semicircular metal object nailed to a door, used to lock the door with other things.

Clam: something resembling a cymbal installed under a knocker, used to knock on the door.

Doors also show a variety of colorful folk cultures: Spring Festival couplets and the word "Fu" are posted on the doors on New Year's Eve, chickens are posted on the doors on the first day of the first month, people are sent out to the poor on the fifth day of the first month, lanterns are placed on the doors on the first month, willows are inserted on the Qingming doors, scorpions are forbidden on the doors in Grain Rain, silkworms are closed during the day, caterpillars get married on April 8, Ai Chang is hung on the doors on the Dragon Boat Festival, and dogs are hung on the doors in July and a half.

Looking at ancient times from today, many things are really fantastic, and gods look a little weird.

The mystery of the various functions of the door, coupled with imagination, produced "animism", and this door, this home, was regarded as a god by the ancients.

Along with the age of 20, so many cultural information has been nailed to the door, adding one landscape after another in front of the door, leaving a lasting taste for people looking for door culture.

According to folklore, the door is a sign of the separation of internal and external space, and it is the first pass and throat for people to enter the room. Therefore, it is also called the "portal" of a family.

People have always attached great importance to the handling of various doors.

Someone once said: China's classical architecture is the art of doors.

In fact, ordinary people, the door is not only a "work of art", but also considered to be related to the good or bad of a family.

Therefore, when building a house, the door comes first.

If you enter, you have to leave, and if you leave, you have to leave.

So the ups and downs of history are always the first to bear the brunt.

Didn't Li Shimin in the early Tang Dynasty direct a bloody "Xuanwu Gate Rebellion" that killed his brother and forced his father?

When his younger brother Jingtai was seriously ill, Ming Yingzong took Donghuamen into the palace, boarded the Fengtian Hall, and became Emperor Tianshun, known in history as "the change of seizing the door".

Can the "golden phoenix blossoming clouds and sending letters" in Tiananmen Square reflect the majesty of the emperor? The luxury of "five emperors" is by no means the luxury of emperors.

The people look forward to "not closing the door at night", peace and prosperity, social stability, no thieves, and peace in the world. This is the beautiful ideal of China people from generation to generation.

By contrast, the government seal bears a cross on the door leaf.

No matter the imperial court or the imperial city, there are front and back doors, public and private doors.

The unity of opposites constitutes society.

Front and back doors, public and private doors, nobility and integrity, humbleness and meanness, heaven and hell, poverty and wealth, officials and people, corruption and incorruptibility, all appeared on the stage with the help of "doors".

China's door, also derived the story of "open sesame".

The gate of China has created myths and legends such as "Yu chisels the Dragon Gate", "Carp yue longmen" and "Tanabata Tianmen opens".

The former reflects the spiritual needs of the seeker; The latter shows the desire to surpass oneself and the hope for a better life.

China's door, but also created a drama "Yuanmen beheaded", showing Yang Jiajiang's loyalty to the court.

The most widely circulated is that "the eight-character yamen faces south, and there is no money to enter", which is a ruthless exposure of feudal rule.

China's door, but also made up a "gate of hell" superstition, to scare ignorant cowards.

Doors are always eye-catching, they occupy the "location" advantage of entrances and exits.

Door culture is also an entrance, which is the most colorful chapter in China architectural culture.

China's door culture is extensive and profound. We can see the history of the whole leopard and the door from a "door", so it becomes the history of the door.

Through the door culture, we can find the door of China culture.