The Life of Guan Yu

Guan Yu (? -220) was called Yun Chang (云长), and his name was Mei Bei Gong (美髯公).

The original character Changsheng [note] was a native of Xiezhou (present-day Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province), east of He Dong in the province of Pingzhou, and was of Han Chinese ethnicity.

According to the Romance of the Three Kingdoms (《三国演义》) Guan Yu was nine feet long and used the Green Dragon Crescent Blade, which is not recorded in the Records of the Three Kingdoms (《三国志》).

In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Bei was a famous general under his command, and he was reunited with Liu Bei and Zhang Fei in the Garden of Peach Blossoms.

He was a former general of the Shu Han regime, and was awarded the title of Marquis of Hanshou Ting, posthumously known as "Marquis of Strong Mew".

In Romance of the Three Kingdoms, he was described as the head of the Five Tiger Generals of Shu Han.

After his death, he was revered by the people, and has always been the object of folk worship, and was honored as the "Lord of Guan"; he was also praised by the imperial court through the ages, and was worshipped in the Qing Dynasty as the "Loyal and Righteous God of Wushu, Spiritually Blessed, Benevolent, Brave, and Wisdom, Lord Guan Sheng", and was revered as the "Sage of Wushu". "Martial Sage", and "Sage of Literature" Confucius; also known as "Guan Fu Zi"; and finally was named "Gaitian Ancient Buddha "

The Buddha.

In Buddhism, it is called "Gautama Buddha".

The Romance of the Three Kingdoms describes "Wine and Chopping Hua Xiong", "Thousand Mile Ride", "Single Sword to Banquet", "Flooding Seven Armies", "Flooding Seven Armies", "Flooding Seven Armies", "Flooding Seven Armies", "Flooding Seven Armies", "Flooding Seven Armies", and so on. "Guan Yu, Zhang Fei are said to be ten thousand enemies, for the world tiger.

Fei served Cao Gong, Fei righteousness release Yan Yan, and has the style of a nationalist.

But Yu just and the TV series "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" in the Guan Yu (Lu Shuming) reserved, fly violent and no grace, to short take defeat, the number of the usual."

Wen Chou: "Guan Yu primitive."

Lu Meng: "S people long and good learning, read the left biography slightly all on the mouth, terrier bright male, but the nature is quite conceited, good bully.

"," "Today, although the east and the west are a family, and Guan Yu is really a bear and a tiger, the plan can not be hesitant to determine?"

Zhuge Liang's book with Guan Yu: "Meng Qi is both literate and martial arts, and he is very strong, and he is the best of the best in the world. Branding, Peng's disciples, when they are driving with Yide to compete with the first, they are not as good as Beard's excellent."

Guo Jia Jia's letter to Guan Yu: "I am very happy to see you.

Guo Jia, Cheng Yu said Guan Yu, Zhang Fei: "10,000 enemies"

Liu Ye said Guan Yu, Zhang Fei: "brave champion of the three armies"

Zhou Yu said Guan Yu, Zhang Fei: "bear and tiger generals! "

Fu Gan called Guan Yu, Zhang Fei: "courage and righteousness, all ten thousand enemies, and the general."

Yang play's "Jihan auxiliary ministers praise" in praise of Guan Yunchang, Zhang Yide: "Guan, Zhang majestically, born in Kuangshi, help the wings to carry the upper, majestic tiger martyrs.

The han screen left and right, flying electric hair, to help the difficult, praise the Lord Hongye, like the trace of Han, Geng, the voice of the two virtues.

The treatment of impolite, and lead to treacherous thoughts, mourning but light thinking, meteoric body Kuangguo.

"

Guan Yu and Zhang Fei at that time in later times have become synonymous with courage and good fighting:

Jin Shu Liu Ya biography: "Jin Liu Ya every attack on the thieves, the trap firm destroyed the front, Ji Fang than the Guan Yu, Zhang Fei."

Wei book Cui Yanbo biography: "Cui Gong, the ancient Guan Zhang also."

Reference can be made to Zhao Yi's "twenty-two history notes" Volume VII Guan Zhang's courageous part of the detailed collation of the ancients to Guan Yu, or Guan Zhang are used as a synonym for courageous generals of the information.

The Romance of the Three Kingdoms

At the end of the Han Dynasty, there was no enemy, but Yun Chang was the only one who stood out from the rest.

The God of Might was able to mobilize the military, and the Confucious knew more about literature.

The heart of heaven and earth is like a mirror, and the righteousness of the Spring and Autumn Annals is like a thin cloud.

It is notable that it will last through the ages, and will not only be a crown of the four divisions!

[Edit] Characteristics and image

Guan Yu has a beautiful beard, ten thousand enemies, loyalty and righteousness; good read Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals, can recite like a stream.

When he surrendered to Cao camp, he was treated with honor, but his heart still turned to Liu Bei.

He treated his soldiers well.

More had scraped the bones to cure the poison, the cause of a poisoned arrow wounded left arm, every cloudy and rainy, bone don't pain, doctor Hua Tuo said to scrape the bones to remove the poison to heal, Guan Yu that is to extend the arm to the doctor Hua Tuo, began to scrape the bones, the blood flow to the plate, but Guan Yu but one side of the meat and drink wine, God is not worried about it.

There seems to be no feeling of pain

[edit]Family

Children

Guan Ping, Guan Yu's eldest son, followed Guan Yu in the war, and Guan Yu was beheaded in Linchuan together.

(Inside the play, it is Guan Yu's righteous son, Guan Ding's son)

Guan Xing, Guan Yu's second son, less famous, y respected by Zhuge Liang, after the weak crown, served as the service center, the middle supervisor of the army, and died a few years later.

Guan Feng, the daughter of Guan Yu, Sun Quan had proposed to his son, but was rejected by Guan Yu, and insulted the envoy.

Guan Suo (this is a character in the opera, history is not contained), Guan Yu's third son, Guan Yu lost Jingzhou in Baojiazhuang to recuperate, Zhu Geliang's southern expedition to Mengwu only returned to the army, as a vanguard.

Sun

Guan Tong, Guan Xing's eldest son, his wife was a princess, the official to the Huben Zhonglang general, died, no children.

Guan Yi, the second son of Guan Xing, inherited his position after the death of Guan Tong.

Descendants

Guan Sheng: A character in Water Margin, one of the Liangshan heroes, ranked fifth in Liangshan.

"Three Kingdoms" Pei note that, after the fall of Shu Han, Pang De's son Pang will kill all the Guans to avenge his father, Guan Yu lineage has been broken.

But the credibility of this account is controversial.

In later times, the Guan clan in Xiezhou, Dangyang, Luoyang, and other places often claimed to be descended from Guan Yu, but there is no way to trace them.

"Three Kingdoms Zhi - Guan Zhang Ma Huang Zhao biography"

Guan Yu word Yun Chang, this word Chang Sheng, Hedong solution people.

Guan Yunchang's name is Changsheng, and he is a native of Hedong, but he died in Zhuo County.

The first lord in the countryside, the masses of disciples, and Yu and Zhang Fei for the imperial insult.

The first lord was the minister of the plains, and Yu and Fei were the ministers of other departments.

The first two were in the same bed together, like brothers.

And the thick and wide sitting, serving all day, with the first Lord around, not avoiding difficulties and dangers.

The attack of the first lord killed the Xuzhou lashings Che Han, so that the feather guard the city of Xiapi, the line of the governor, and the body returned to the small Pei.

In the fifth year of Jian'an, when Cao Gong was on his way to the east, the first lord ran to Yuan Shao.

Cao Gong captured the feather to return, worship as partial general, courtesy of very thick.

Shao sent General Yan Liang to attack Liu Yan, the governor of East County, at Baima, and Cao made Zhang Liao and Yu the vanguard.

Feather looked at Liang banner cover, horse stabbing Liang in the midst of ten thousand people, beheading his head back, Shao all generals can not be when the person, and then solve the siege of Baima.

Cao Gong immediately appointed Yu as the Marquis of Hanshou Pavilion.

At the beginning, Cao Gong Zhuang Yu as a person, and observe his heart and mind no intention to stay, said Zhang Liao said: "Secretary try to ask the love.

"Both Liao to ask Fei, Fei sighed and said:" I know very well that Cao treats me thick, but I am General Liu's generous grace, swore to *** death, can not back.

I will not stay, I want to be when the effect to repay Cao Gong is to go.

"Liao to feather words to report Cao Gong, Cao Gong righteousness.

It's not just a matter of killing Yan Liang, but of rewarding him for it.

Fei was rewarded for his efforts, and he left, and ran to Yuan's army.

When he was about to chase him, Cao said, "He is his own master, don't chase him."

From the first lord on Liu Biao.

When the table died, Cao Gong decided to Jingzhou, the first lord from Fan will be south of the river, don't send Yu hundreds of boats will be Jiangling.

Cao Gong chased to Dangyang Changsaka, the first Lord diagonally fun Hanjin, the right and Yu ship value, **** to Xiakou.

Sun Quan sent troops to help Cao Gong to reject him, and Cao Gong led the army to retreat.

The first master to collect the counties in the south of the Yangtze River, was awarded the worship of Yuanxun, Yu as the governor of Xiangyang, General Dankou, stationed in the north of the Yangtze River.

The first lord of the west to determine the state of Yizhou, worship Yu Dong Jingzhou.

Feather heard Ma Chao came to surrender, the old non-former, feather book with Zhuge Liang, asked "super talent comparable to who class"? Liang knew that the feather protection before, is the answer said: "Meng Qi both capital and martial arts, male martyrdom, a world of talent, branding, Peng's disciples, when and benefit from the German side by side to compete with the first, but not yet the beard of the most outstanding group of Yiqun.

"Feather beautiful beard, so Liang said the beard.

Feather book of great joy, to show the guests.

Feather was hit by a stray vector, through the left arm, after the wound is healed, every cloudy and rainy, the bone is often painful, the doctor said: "arrowheads are poisonous, the poison into the bone, when the broken arm for the creation of a wound, scraping the bone to remove the poison, and then this is removed from the ear.

"Feather then stretch arm to make the doctor split.

When the feather is appropriate to invite the generals to eat and drink relative to the arm blood flow away from the surplus in the plate, and the feather cut scorching lead wine, talk and laugh.

Twenty-four years, the first Lord for the Hanzhong King, worship feather for the former General, fake section battle-axe.

In this year, Yu led the attack on Cao Ren in Fan.

Cao Gong sent Yu Ban to help Ren.

In the fall, the Han River overflowed with rain, and the seven armies under his command were all lost.

Ban surrendered to Yu, and Yu beheaded General Pang De.

Liang, 郏, Luhun group of thieves or remote from the seal of Yu, for the support party, Yu shocked China.

Cao Gong suggested migrating to Xudu to avoid its sharpness, Sima Xuanwang and Jiang Ji thought that Guan Yu had gained the ambition and Sun Quan would not be willing to do so.

We can send people to persuade the right to follow, Xu cut Jiangnan to seal the right, then the siege of Fan since the solution.

Cao Gong followed.

First of all, the right to send an envoy for the son to ask for the feather female, feather scolded and insulted his ambassador, not allowed to marry, the right to anger.

And the South County governor Mi Fang in Jiangling, General Fu Shiren Tun public security, all suspected of feather light themselves.

Feather out of the army, Fang, Ren supply of military funds, not all save, Feather said, "but also when the rule of", Fang, Ren Xian fear uneasy.

So the power of the Yin seduced Fang, Ren, Fang, Ren make people to meet the power.

And Cao Gong sent Xu Huang to rescue Cao Ren, Yu could not overcome, and led the army back.

Quan had already taken Jiangling, and captured the wives of all the soldiers, so his army was dispersed.

Quan sent his generals to counterattack Yu, bound Yu to the camp, and beheaded Yu and Zi Ping in Linchuan.

The posthumous name of Yu was Zhuangmu Hou.

The son of Xing.

Xing word An Guo, less have the order to ask, the Prime Minister Zhuge Liang deep instrumental difference.

Weak crown for the service center, in the supervision of the army, a few years died.

His son, Tushu, was a Princess of Shang, and was promoted to the rank of General of Huben.

He died without a son, and was succeeded by his son Yi.

Historical status

Loyalty incarnate In order to consolidate their dominance, successive feudal ruling classes have taken Guan Yu as the embodiment of "loyalty and righteousness", and Guan Yu's status has been raised higher and higher, "from the marquis to the king", "and then to the emperor", "and then to the emperor".

Between Chen and Sui, Fodu Tu pretended that Guan Yu manifested himself, and built the first Guan Temple in Dangyang.

Tang Jianzhong three years (782 years), Guan Yu is listed as one of the sixty-four famous generals of the past and present, put into the Temple of Martial Arts, with the enjoyment of Jiang Taigong.

After the Song Dynasty, Guan Yu was crowned the "Sage of Martial Arts".

After 800 years of obscurity, Guan Yu (if being admired by his opponents before he died, and starting to serve as a role model for generals after his death is considered obscurity) was promoted three times by Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty: first to the title of "Duke of Chung Hwee", then to the title of "True Lord of Chong Ning", and then to the title of "Zhaolie Wu'an".

Yuan Wenzong sealed Guan Yu as "Zhuangmu righteousness and courage Wuan Xianling Yingji Wang", Ming Shenzong sealed as "the three worlds of voodoo great emperor God far Zhentian Zun Guan Shengdi Jun", and the Guan Yu Temple long frame for "martial arts temple", with the Temple of Man - the Temple of Man - the true king of Chongning. ", and the Temple of Culture - Confucian Temple side by side.

The Qing Emperor labeled Guan Yu for the "universal human pole", sealed as "loyalty and righteousness, God and martial benevolence and courage Wei Xian protect the country and protect the people of the essence of the sincerity and appeasement Yizhan Xuande Guan Sheng Da Di" ("Qing Dynasty Historical Manuscripts - Rituals and Music Zhi"), the construction of the Guan Di Temple in Beijing, but also to order the whole country, the universal construction of the Guan Temple, on time to worship incense. Guan Temple, on time to worship incense.

The number of temples of the Sage of Wushu Guan Gong, far more than the Sage of Culture Confucius Temple.

Qing Dynasty, only Beijing, Guan Temple has 116.

Moreover, the architectural scale of some of the Guan temples also far exceeded that of the Temple of Confucius.

Some people say that Guan Gong is a culture; others say that Guan Gong is a spirit.

Otherwise, why are there so many Guan Gong temples in China and even overseas?

In all the domestic Guan temple buildings, so far the most well-preserved five or six: Shanxi Guan Yu's hometown Changping Guandi Temple, Henan Luoyang Guanlin, Hubei Dangyang Guanling, Jingzhou Guandi Temple, Henan Xuchang Baling Bridge Guandi Temple, and so on.

The largest and most magnificent is the Guandi Temple located in Guan Yu's hometown - Shanxi Province, Shanxi Province, Yuncheng City, Xiezhou City, west of the Guandi Temple, which is still intact, one of the country's largest Guandi Temple.

Inside the temple, there are more than 300 buildings and pavilions***, making it one of the most popular places to visit.

It is called the first Guan Temple in the world.

In the historical process of the development of Chinese theater, there was a "Three Kingdoms play" fever, many famous plays have a considerable number of "Three Kingdoms play" and "Guan Gong play".

There was once a "Three Kingdoms" fever.

In Peking Opera, for example, there are 148 "Three Kingdoms" plays, and there are 20 plays written about Guan Gong alone.

And then to Guan Yu's hometown of Yuncheng Puzhou Bangkas, for example, the "Three Kingdoms" recorded 88 plays, of which "Guan Gong play" there are eighteen.

On the stage, the image of Guan Gong is the perfect hero, with a face like a heavy date, a long beard, and a powerful demeanor.

Even in "Walking the Wheat City", his heroic character is still intact.

Over the millennia, after successive rulers of the posthumous, and theater, literature, the play description, a "loyal to the country, to treat people with benevolence, to deal with wisdom, to make friends with righteousness, to fight with bravery," representing the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation, the perfect image of Guan Gong appeared in front of the world.

He rose to "God of Gods" from "Man of the World" to "God of Gods", becoming the God of War, God of Wealth, God of Literature, God of Agriculture, the omnipotent God of all aspects of the ruler and the people of the people of all ages, the Chinese state of the gods and the East and the Japanese overseas, Chinese and foreign worship, up and down the **** up!

The successive seals of the world.

Successive feudal rulers respected Guan Yu needless to say, is Li Zicheng, Zhang Xianzhong, Hong Xiuquan and other leaders of peasant revolts, but also Guan Yu as a hero to worship.

Not only that, in addition to the Chinese land, in Japan, Southeast Asia, as well as overseas Chinese, the wind of worship of Guan Yu has never ceased.

In Taiwan, which has a population of more than 20 million, there are as many as 8 million believers in Kwan-yu, and almost every household sets up incense for Kwan-yu, sets up plaques, and hangs up icons.

The annual sales of Kwan Kwong's paintings in Taiwan far exceed those of Mazu, their most revered deity.

In the United States, the "Longgang Association" is a civil organization that worships Kwan Kung as its ancestor, with more than 140 chapters all over the world where Chinese people live.

Southeast Asian countries compete to set up temples to worship Kwan Kung, the most prevalent is Thailand.

In Japan, as early as the Qing Dynasty, there is a temple of Kwan Tai; some years ago, a new temple was built, which is said to be the largest overseas temple of Kwan Tai.

Mr. Davidk jordan (Chinese name David Jiao), a professor of anthropology at the University of California, San Diego, and a PhD in anthropology at the University of Chicago, once said something very interesting; "I respect this one great god of yours, who deserves the respect of all.

His benevolence, righteousness, wisdom and courage are still relevant until now; benevolence is love, righteousness is credibility, wisdom is culture and courage is not afraid of difficulties.

If all of God's people were like your Kwan Kung, our world would be a better place.

"The words of this American scholar are insightful.

Cohesion in the body of Guan Yu and for the world **** Yang loyalty, righteousness, trust, wisdom, benevolence, courage, embedded in traditional Chinese culture, ethics, morality, ideals, permeated with Confucianism's Spring and Autumn Essence, and for the Shiism, Taoism, teachings of the convergence of the values of life, in essence, is the pugilistic sun and the moon, the atmosphere of the soul of the China and the world.

Biography

Guan Yu's life was unknown until the Qing Dynasty.

During the Kangxi period in the early Qing Dynasty, Zhu Dan, the king of Xiezhou, excavated Guan Yu's tomb bricks when he was dredging and repairing an ancient well.

Above is engraved with Guan Yu's ancestor and father's two generations of epigraphy, birth and death dates, etc. The information is more detailed, and there is also a slight mention of Guan Yu's family status.

He therefore wrote "Guan Hou Zu Tombstone".

According to the text on the tombstone, Guan's family is actually a literati family.

Guan Yu's grandfather's name was Guan Xuan (关审), and his name was Ask Zhi (问之).

Born in the second year of Emperor Yongyuan of the Han Dynasty, Gengyin, he lived in Changping Village, Baochi Lane, Xiezhou (now Xiezhou Town, Shanxi Province).

Records say that he "Chong Mu good Tao", often "Yi", "Spring and Autumn Annals" training his son, in the Huan emperor Yong Shou two years Ding You died, aged 68.

Fei's father, Guan Yi, was known as Daoyuan.

The nature of filial piety, after the death of the father trial, in the tomb of the hut mourning for three years, in addition to mourning, in the Huan Di Yan Xi three years (160 years) Gengzi June 24th born Guan Yu.

Guan Yu married Hu after he grew up and had a son, Guan Ping, on the 13th of May in the first year of the Ling Emperor's Guanghe reign (178 years).

Guan Yu met the Eastern Han Dynasty in Zhuo County (now Zhuozhou, Hebei) *** mobilizing the powerful landlords around the country to organize armed forces, **** with the suppression of the Yellow Turban Uprising.

Here he met Liu Bei (Liu Bei claimed to be the descendant of Liu Sheng, the son of King Jing of the Western Han Dynasty) and Zhang Fei, who were like-minded and loved at first sight, and were unusually friendly and close to each other as brothers.

Later legend has it that Liu, Guan, and Zhang were once in the Peach Orchard.

"Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is the "evolution" of their vows: "Although different surnames, both brothers, they work together to save the poor and help the perilous; on the report of the country, under the common people, do not seek the same year, the same month, the same day, I wish the same year, the same month, the same day, the same day, to die.

"Although this is a novelist's words, but because it meets the lower middle-class people's mentality in the era of frequent turmoil, so the impact is huge.

In later times, many peasants revolted, and followed the form of the righteousness, to consolidate the team and strengthen the unity.

The three men organized an armed force and participated in the attack on the peasant insurgents.

Guan Yu also began his military career.

From the first year of Zhongping (184) until his death, Guan Yu followed Liu Bei faithfully, "following him around, not avoiding difficulties and dangers" (Three Kingdoms Zhi-Shu Shu-Guan Yu Biography).