Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Traditional customs - What historical cases in China can illustrate that China is people-oriented and China people are United?

What historical cases in China can illustrate that China is people-oriented and China people are United?

China people-oriented, United as one, thousands of years can be seen.

Let me summarize it here and start from the beginning.

From ancient times to the Spring and Autumn Period, China experienced changes from the power of witch priests to the power of tribal leaders, and then to the power of nobles. Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty, for example, is a good proof that Shang people were superstitious about divination and the priests were powerful. By the Zhou Dynasty, tribes had formed a small country, so writing on bronzes such as Zhong Ding emphasized the divine right of monarchy and the unshakable contract between tribes. The point is: the descendants of the son of heaven are always sons of heaven, the descendants of nobles are always nobles, the descendants of civilians are always civilians, and the descendants of bitches can only be bitches.

However, as Confucius put forward "monarch, minister, father, son, son", everything was shaken-the monarch should be "benevolent", the minister should be "loyal" and the people could be "good citizens". This is completely contrary to Zhou Lizhong's emphasis on congenital theory and bloodline theory.

The earliest sprout of China's civil rights theory should be regarded as Mencius' proposition that "the people are the most important, the country is the second, and the monarch is the least"?

Let's talk about Shang Yang again. His greatest thing is to establish a bureaucratic system. Don't think "bureaucracy" is a derogatory term. The existence of bureaucracy broke the tradition that a few nobles controlled the country, prevented all kinds of infighting in Qin, and made the state organs build systematically. This is very important-beginning to end the era when nobles monopolized all social resources and even threatened the country.

As Bobby Chen and Guangwu said, "What kind of king will be better?" China's civil rights revolution has entered the practical stage from the spiritual bud.

In the next 1000 years, once the upstream reaches the extreme, the people can revolt, overthrow the tyrant and change the dynasty.

You will find that in this process, the power of civil rights and official power is getting bigger and bigger, and the power of clan power is getting smaller and smaller. With the king in the Han dynasty, various vassal States could still master military power and even coin rights in the fief. After the Tang Dynasty, Wang was only a hollow name, and the warlords in the buffer region had the final say. Zhu Yuanzhang of the Ming Dynasty abolished the prime minister and wanted to centralize power. Instead, it opened the final bondage of official power, and the power of the cabinet far exceeded that of the prime minister. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, several emperors did not go to court, and the country could still operate under the bureaucratic system. For example, Wanli did not go to court for decades, but it won all the "three characteristics of Wanli". This means that the importance of kingship is declining, and official power is beginning to support a country. There was no room for imperial power to be ceded to official power in the Qing dynasty, and foreign invasion in the late Qing dynasty led to the decline of imperial power. The official power is in urgent need of an attached object, so there are three modes: Yuan Shikai's mode of attaching official power to kingship failed-China people don't want to go back to the dead end. Chiang Kai-shek's mode of attaching official power to clan power also failed-the official power attached to clan power will eventually degenerate into clan power, which is even worse than the system of Qing Dynasty.

Finally, Taizu's model of attaching official power to civil rights succeeded.

With the improvement of modern people's education, people's awareness of civil rights is getting higher and higher. With the development of science and technology, the development of productive forces and the improvement of the education level of the whole people, there will eventually be a highly systematic civil rights era in the future, that is, capitalism.