Who can introduce Nanjing in detail?

Nanjing (Nanking.Nanjing) - a city of mountains and water, a city of fraternity.

Alternatively known as Taicheng, Yuecheng, Moling, Shicheng, Stonecheng, Jinling, Jianye, Jianye, Jiankang, Jiangzhou, Shengzhou, Baixia, Shangyuan, Jixing, Yingtian, Jiangning, Tianting and so on. Abbreviation: Ning.

Nanjing is one of the seven ancient capitals of China, also known as the "six dynasties of the ancient capital" and "ten dynasties of the capital", was the Eastern Wu, Eastern Jin Dynasty, Song Dynasty, Qi Dynasty, Liang Dynasty, Chen Dynasty, the Southern Tang Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty (the capital and stayed in the capital), the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the Republic of China, the capital of several periods. Since ancient times, it has been the economic, cultural and political center of Jiangnan and East China, as well as an important commercial and economic center in the lower Yangtze River basin. It is currently an important industrial city and economic center in the Yangtze River Delta region. Nanjing is the transportation hub of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and East China, with the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge, the first double-decked public-railway bridge designed and built by China itself, the Nanjing Port, the largest inland port in Asia, the Lukou International Airport, and many railroads and highways connecting the north, the south, and the central and western parts of China. Nanjing is a city of mountains, water, cities and forests, rich in natural landscapes and historical relics.

Nanjing is located between 31°14'N and 32°37'N, and between 118°22'E and 119°14'E. The city has a population of about 1,000,000 people.

Population: The household population at the end of 2006 was 6,072,300, of which 5,246,400 were in urban areas, and the city's household non-agricultural population was 4,183,900, of which 4,000,000 were in urban areas.

The household population at the end of 2007 was 6,171,700.

There are 51 ethnic groups in the city***, with the Han ethnic group accounting for 98.56% of the total population. in 1999, there were 77,394 ethnic minorities, including 64,823 Hui, who accounted for 83.76% of the ethnic minority population, followed by 2,311 Manchus and 533 Zhuang. Nanjing's ethnic minorities are most numerous in Jianye District, with 13,692 people, or 9.13% of the district's population. Characterized by a multi-ethnic mix with Han Chinese as the main group (Nanjing is the city with the highest concentration of Hui in the southeastern coastal provinces, with about 80,000 people).

City Flower: Plum Blossom; City Tree: Cedar

District Nanjing is the seat of the People's Government of Jiangsu Province of the People's Republic of China*** and the State. Government Residence: East Beijing Road, Xuanwu District, the site of the Temple of Wu during the Ming Dynasty, backed by the Ming City Wall, Xuanwu Lake, west of the Jiming Temple, the North Pole Pavilion (the location of the Weather Station of Jiangsu Province) east of Jiuhua Mountain, Taipingmen, and the south of Southeast University, which has gone through the vicissitudes of life in the past hundred years. As of December 31, 2006, Nanjing has 11 municipal districts, 2 counties, 75 streets and 39 towns.

Nanjing Area 6,582.31 square kilometers, population 6,171,700

Geography

Nanjing is mostly a low mountainous terrain, with Zijinshan Mountain, Mufushan Mountain, and Qixia Mountain within its boundaries constituting the western section of the Ningzhen Mountain Range. The Yangtze River bends from northwest to southeast into Zhenjiang in Nanjing, and the larger sandbars in the river include Baguazhou, Jiangxinzhou, Qianzhou, etc. The Qinhuai River is the most important river in Nanjing. Qinhuai River is the most important regional river in Nanjing. Its north and south sources originate in Jurong and Liyang respectively, and it divides into two branches outside Tongji Gate (Dongshuiguan) of Nanjing City after merging in Fangshan of Jiangning. The Inner Qinhuai River flows through the south of Nanjing, and the famous "Ten Mile Qinhuai" Fuzimiao is located on its bank, and then merges with the Outer Qinhuai River at the Xishuiguan Pass and joins into the Yangtze River. Other important waters in Nanjing include Jinchuan River in the north of the city, Chu River flowing through Liuhe District, Gucheng Lake in Gaochun, Shishu Lake in Lishui and so on. There are also large and small lakes such as Xuanwu Lake, Mochou Lake, Nanhu Lake, Qianhu Lake and Pipa Lake in the city.

Nanjing has a subtropical monsoon climate, with four distinct seasons, long winters and summers and short springs and autumns. In summer, the temperature can reach 40 degrees, the prevailing southwest wind, known as the "Yangtze River along the three major furnaces" one of the winter temperature can reach below zero, the prevailing northeast wind, the average annual temperature of 15.7 ℃. Nanjing has abundant rainfall, with an average of 117 days of rainfall per year and an average annual precipitation of 1106.5 millimeters, and is generally in the rainy and cloudy rainy season from late June to mid-July, and there are also a lot of rainfall brought by typhoons in the western Pacific Ocean in the summer and fall.

Nanjing city, there are dozens of large and small hills. There are Zijinshan Mountain, Shufu Mountain, Qixia Mountain, Lion Mountain, Wutai Mountain, Jiuhua Mountain, North Pole Pavilion, Qingliang Mountain, Bazishan Mountain, Tiger Mountain, Yuhua Gang, Shizigang, Gupinggang, Gulou Gang and so on. It forms a terrain pattern of "Dragon Coiling and Tiger Crouching". Since ancient times, it has been regarded as having the aura of an emperor.

History

Nanjing was anciently known as the land of Wu, and was located in the ancient Yangzhou, one of the "Nine Prefectures of the World". Legend has it that the king of Wu built the city of Yecheng here in 495 years ago. In 472, Fan Li built the city of Yue, which was located on the south bank of the Qinhuai River outside the present-day Zhonghua Gate. In 333 B.C., King Wei of Chu built Jinling Eup in Stone Mountain (present-day Qingliang Mountain), so Nanjing was also called "Jinling". In the thirty-seventh year of Emperor Qin Shihuang (210 BC), Jinling Eup was changed to Moling County, which belonged to Huiji County.

In 211, Sun Quan, the Great Emperor of Wu, built Stone Castle on the former site of Jinling Eup on Stone Mountain, and in 229, he established his capital here, which was named Jianye. In the third year of Taikang (282), the name Jianye was changed to Jianye. In the first year of Jianxing (313), the name was changed to Jiankang to avoid Sima Ye's name, and in 589, Sui destroyed Chen, capturing the later lord of Chen, destroying the city's palaces, and setting up Jiangzhou in Shicheng. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, Jiangning County was established, then Shengzhou, then Jinling Prefecture. The Southern Tang Dynasty (937-975) built its capital in Jinling and called it Jiangning Prefecture. In the Song Dynasty, Shengzhou was set up, and in the Northern Song Dynasty, it was called Jiangning Prefecture. In the Southern Song Dynasty, it was renamed Jiankang Prefecture, and was the capital of the eastern road of Jiangnan. During the Yuan Dynasty, it was the Jiqing Road.

In 1356, the Ming Dynasty set its capital here as Yingtianfu, the capital of the capital. In the 19th year of the Yongle period, Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty moved the capital to Beijing and changed Yingtianfu to Nanjing (Liudu). 1645, Nanjing was reduced to Jiangning. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, it was the capital of Jiangnan Province, and then until the end of the Qing Dynasty, it was the residence of the Governor of Liangjiang (who had jurisdiction over Jiangsu, Anhui, and Jiangxi Provinces). 1853-1864, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was also capitalized here, with the name of "Tianjing".

In 1927 (R.O.C. 16), the Republic of China laid the capital of Nanjing, the same year the special city of Nanjing. 1929 (R.O.C. 18) on June 1, the capital of the special city. 1930 (R.O.C. 19) was changed into a municipality (municipality). 1931, according to the Republic of China in the 20th year of the Republic of China, published on June 1, the "Republic of China training period of the Covenant", article 5, "the national capital is set in the Republic of China, the Republic of China". "In 1937 (R.O.C. 26) December, the Republic of China's capital Nanjing fell, the tragedy of the "Nanjing Massacre", the national government moved west to the capital of Chongqing; in 1946 (R.O.C. 35), the Japanese surrendered. After the surrender of Japan in 1946 (R.O.C. 35), the national government of the Republic of China returned to Nanjing. April 21, 1949, the Chinese ****production party troops attacked the nationalist center of Nanjing, Nanjing was liberated on April 23rd. The national government moved south to Guangzhou and then to Taipei.

October 1, 1949 (R.O.C. 38), the Chinese people*** and the founding of the country, Nanjing became a central municipality, in January 1950 changed to the leadership of the newly established East China Military and Political Committee, is still a central municipality, at the same time, the State Council has an office in Ningxia. 1952, Jiangsu province, Nanjing down to the capital of Jiangsu province. 1989 for the central planning single-listed city in 1994 as a Sub-provincial cities.

Transportation

Nanjing is located in the center of East China and the lower Yangtze River Basin, and is an important transportation hub. 9,800 kilometers of highway mileage were covered in 2007, of which 400 kilometers were expressways. At the end of the year, the city had 9,760 rental cars and 6,684 standard public transportation vehicles. 22 kilometers of subway were in operation at the end of 2006, and 120 trains were in operation, with a total of 57.98 million passenger trips for the year. 5,246 public transportation vehicles and 6,193 standard public transportation vehicles were in operation at the end of 2006, with a network length of 2,575 kilometers, and a total of 1,008,270,000 passenger trips. In 2006, the city has 15 ferry operating vessels, ferry passenger transportation totaled 13.29 million.

The city's public **** transportation. Nanjing has a relatively convenient public transportation network, which is currently operated by four companies (Nanjing Public Transportation Corporation, Zhongbei Bus, Accor Bus and Xincheng Bus), with more than 170 routes reaching all parts of the city's main urban area. Line 1 of the Nanjing Metro has been in operation for two years and was well received during the 10th National Games, while Line 2 will be put into operation at the beginning of 2009, and the city plans to complete a 433-kilometer rail transit network, including metro and light rail, by 2050.

Highways Nanjing is connected to the rest of China by more than 60 national and provincial highways. There are a number of highways, including the Shanghai-Nanjing Expressway, Ninghe Expressway, Ninghang Expressway, Ningtong Expressway and Ninglian Expressway. The Nanjing metropolitan area is constructing eight transportation corridors, including Ning Yang (State), Ning Zhen (Jiang), Ning Huai (An), Ning Beng (Port), Ning He (Fei), Ning Wu (Lake), Ning Hang (State) and Ning Gao (Chun). There are 230 kilometers of roads in Nanjing, with a density of 3.38 kilometers per square kilometer.

Railway. The Beijing-Shanghai Railway (Jinpu Line in the north and Huning Line in the east), Ningwu Railway and Ningqi Railway (now only to Nantong) intersect in Nanjing, making Nanjing an important transportation hub connecting the north, east and central parts of the city. Planned for construction are the Ningxi Railway, the Ninghang Railway, the Ninghuai Railway, as well as a railroad along the river.

Air. Lukou International Airport is 35.8 kilometers away from the center of Nanjing city, and can meet the annual passenger throughput of 12 million, annual cargo and mail throughput of 400,000 tons; the overall plan for the annual flights of 360,000, the annual passenger throughput of 40 million, cargo and mail throughput of 1 million tons. 2004, the actual number of passengers received 4.574 million passengers and 138,000 tons of cargo and mail throughput. At present, the airport has 85 domestic and international routes, international passenger routes destined for Japan, South Korea, Thailand and Singapore, and cargo far routes destined for South Korea, Singapore, Thailand, the United States, the Netherlands and other places.

Water transportation . Nanjing Port is the largest river port in China, with a throughput of 118 million tons in 2004 and a foreign trade container throughput of nearly 500,000 TEUs. The port area is 98 kilometers long and has 64 berths, 16 of which can dock 10,000-ton ships. Nanjing Port is also the largest container port along the Yangtze River.

Economy

Gross Regional Product (GRP): 277.378 billion yuan (2006), 327.5 billion yuan (2007).

China's Top 100 Cities: 7th in 2004.

Finance: In 2006, Nanjing's total fiscal revenue was 60.391 billion yuan, of which 24.644 billion yuan was local general budget revenue. in 2007, the total fiscal revenue was 62.85 billion yuan (the new caliber, including the income from the central government and the local general budget revenue, excluding the income from the budget of the government funds and the income from the social security), of which 33.02 billion yuan was the general budget revenue from the local government. billion yuan.

Industry. Nanjing's industry occupies an important position in electronic information, petrochemicals, automobile machinery, biopharmaceuticals, food and beverage, instruments and meters, etc. In 2006, the total industrial output value of industries above the scale was 469.281 billion yuan, the added value of all industries was 119.6 billion yuan, the total profit and tax was 40.798 billion yuan, and the total profit was 21.488 billion yuan. In 2007, it is estimated that the total industrial output value above scale (new caliber, industrial enterprises with annual sales revenue of more than 10 million yuan) will be 573.5 billion yuan, profit tax will be 59 billion yuan, and profit will be 36 billion yuan. The added value of all industries is expected to be 140.5 billion yuan. The industry above the scale is expected to complete the high-tech industrial output value of 234 billion yuan, realizing main business income of 242 billion yuan.

Famous enterprises. Panda Electronics, Yangzi Petrochemical, Jinling Petrochemical, Yuejin Automobile, Jiangnan Optoelectronics ． Famous private enterprises include Yurun, Pacific Construction, Suning Electric Appliance, Five Star Electric Appliance, Jinsheng, Sweet, Lilian, Shilin, Tiandi and so on.

Tourism: In 2006, the total tourism income of Nanjing reached 46.280 billion yuan, of which 677 million U.S. dollars of foreign exchange from international tourism, and in 2007, it is expected to realize the total tourism income of 59 billion yuan, of which 810 million U.S. dollars of foreign exchange from international tourism.

Tourism: At the end of 2006, the city has 28 A-level tourist attractions, of which there are 7 4A-level scenic spots, and there are 127 star-level hotels. At the end of 2006, the city had 28 A-class tourist attractions, including 7 4A-class scenic spots, 127 tourist star-rated hotels and restaurants, including 8 five-star hotels, and 410 various types of travel agencies, including 27 travel agencies engaged in international tourism. 2007, the city had 8 4A-class tourist attractions, 2 5A-class tourist attractions, 138 tourist star-rated hotels, and 436 various types of travel agencies, including 27 travel agencies engaged in international tourism.

Culture

Library. Nanjing Library: the former Central Library, Jiangnan Library, China's earliest public **** library, one of China's three major libraries, the new museum has now been completed. The city's public **** library collection stood at 11.868 million books at the end of 2006 and 11.9 million books at the end of 2007.

Museums. Main museums: Nanjing Museum of Paleontology, Nanjing Geological Museum, Nanjing Museum of Ming City Wall History, Nanjing Museum. Nanjing museum introduction: formerly known as the central museum, China's first modern comprehensive large-scale museum, one of China's largest museums. 2006 year-end cultural relics collection of 537,826 items.

Fine arts institutions. Major fine arts institutions: Jiangsu Art Museum, Nanjing Art Museum, Nanjing Painting and Calligraphy Academy, Jinling Painting and Calligraphy Academy, Jiangsu National Painting Academy, Jiangsu Provincial National Painting Academy.

Theater and performing arts institutions. Main theatrical performing arts institutions: Nanjing Little Red Flower Art Troupe, Nanjing Song and Dance Troupe, Nanjing Folk Orchestra, Nanjing Peking Opera Troupe, Nanjing Yueju Opera Troupe, Nanjing Acrobatic Troupe, Jiangsu Kun Theatre, Jiangsu Peking Opera Theatre, Jiangsu Opera and Dance Drama Theatre, Jiangsu Regional Opera Theatre, and Nanjing Film Studio.

Writers Group. Su Tong, Bi Feiyu, Li Ziyue, Zhao Benfu, Ye Zhaoyan, and Huang Beijia.

Famous Places

Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum: the originator of the Ming Dynasty royal tombs, the mausoleum of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty.

Fuzimiao: or Temple of Confucius, the busiest place in Nanjing from the Sixth Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, now transformed into China's largest antique market.

Xinjiekou: Located in the center of Nanjing, it was developed into a commercial area during the Republic of China era, and is known as "China's largest shopping and consumption circle".

Xuanwu Lake: located in the northeastern part of the city, the Ming Dynasty for the forbidden land, the lake built around the wall, the lake island stored in the yellow book archives, known as China's largest royal garden lake.

Mo Chou Lake: located in the western part of Nanjing City, outside the West Gate, the ancient name of "the first lake in Jinling".

Laurel Pagoda of Dazhongnian Temple: one of the seven wonders of the world in the Middle Ages, destroyed by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, is now proposed to be rebuilt.

Reading River Tower: six hundred years of "no building" legendary building.

Ming City Wall: the longest existing city wall in the world.

Zhongshan Mausoleum: the mausoleum of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the Premier of the Kuomintang, the grandest modern mausoleum in China.

Jiming Temple: a famous ancient temple in Nanjing, built during the period of Emperor Wu of Liang in the Southern Dynasty, known as "the first temple of the Southern Dynasty" and the first temple of the "480 temples of the Southern Dynasty".

Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge: the first double-decker bridge designed and built by China itself on the Yangtze River

Tai Cheng: located in the north of Jie Ming Mountain, it was the seat of the palaces and provinces of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasties. A section of the ancient city wall built in the Ming Dynasty still exists.

Jinghai Temple: the incarnation of witness to major events in ancient and modern Chinese diplomatic history, with the Zheng He Memorial Hall built on the theme of Zheng He's descent to the West and the Jinghai Temple Memorial Hall on the theme of the Nanjing Treaty between China and Britain, the first unequal treaty of modern China.

Jiangdongmen:Memorial Hall for the Victims of the Nanjing Massacre of the Invading Japanese Army.

Chaotian Palace: the largest and best-preserved ancient building complex in Jiangnan.

Zhonghua Gate: the largest ancient city gate in China and the best-preserved and most complex ancient castle in the world.

Zhan Yuan: the famous Jiangnan garden.

Hsu Yuan: the famous Jiangnan garden.

Jiangnan Tribute Academy: the largest venue for imperial examinations in the southern part of the country, where more than half of the country's top scholars of the Qing Dynasty were examined.

Presidential Palace: China **** and the symbol of the building, including the former temporary Presidential Palace, the two rivers Governor's Office of the Governor's Office site.

Yuhuatai: Yuhuatai Martyrs' Mausoleum

Arctic Pavilion: the cradle of China's modern meteorological career.

Wuliang Hall: located in Linggu Park, it is the only remaining ancient building of Linggu Temple in the Ming Dynasty.

Liao Zhongkai He Xiangning Burial Tomb: Located at the southwest foot of Maofeng in Zhongshan Mountain, it is backed by Tianbao Castle, facing Yanquan Lake, and adjacent to Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum in the east.

Qixia Mountain: located in Qixia District, most famous for its maple leaves, with the ancient temple Qixia Temple at the foot of the mountain.

Yanziji: one of the forty-eight scenic spots in Jinling, the rocky hills stand upright like swallows in the sky, and it is a popular spot for viewing the river scenery.

Zijinshan Mountain: also known as Zhongshan Mountain, the mountain is steep and spectacular, such as the dragon's momentum, many monuments and attractions. Nanjing is the "dragon coiled tiger crouched" said the head of the dragon is located. The Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum and the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum are located on its southern slope.

Qingliang Mountain: also known as Stone Mountain. It is the dragon's tail of Nanjing's "Dragon Coiling Tiger Crouching".

Stone City: after the Qingliang Mountain in the northwest of Nanjing, originally for the King of Chu Wei's Jinling Eup, built in the King of Chu Wei's seven years (333 BC), the system of natural rock chiseled, Wu Sun Quan in the original site of the city. It is commonly known as "Ghost Face City" (named after the shape of a ghost's face).

Qinhuai River: Legend has it that Qin Shi Huang excavated the river to drain the air from the King of Jinling, which is essentially a natural river. It originates from East Lushan Mountain in Lishui as well as Jurong in Zhenjiang, and injects into the Yangtze River outside Dinghuaimen in Nanjing. The section of the river located in the city has been a prosperous place from the Three Kingdoms to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and is known as the "River of Culture".

Forty-eight Scenes of Jinling: Nanjing has the earliest "Eight Scenes of Jinling", "Twenty Scenic Spots of Jinling", "Forty Scenes of Jinling", "Forty-eight Scenes of Jinling", "Forty-eight Scenes of Jinling", "Forty Scenes of Jinling", and "Forty Scenes of Jinling". Jinling forty-eight views" and so on, of which "Jinling forty-eight views" is the most widely circulated. "Forty-eight views of the Jinling" said the earliest in the Ming Dynasty, the early Qing Dynasty Gao Cen had drawn "forty-eight views of the Jinling map". At present, only half of the forty-eight scenic spots of the ancient Jinling exist. In modern Nanjing, there have been new scenic spots selected, including the new Jinling Forty Scenic Spots selected in 1983 and the new Jinling Forty-Eight Scenic Spots selected in 2004.

Specialty Products

Yunjin - Raindrop Stone - Gold Foil - Jinling Folding Fans

Traditional Arts: White Bureau (Baiqu) - Yangqiang Meilian Opera (Gaochun)

Traditional Customs: Climbing the City Heads (Tap Taiping) - Eating Crow's Food - Jumping Wufan - Changlu Dragon Lantern (Gaochun)

Diet: Jinling Cuisine (Beijing-Soviet Cuisine) - Nanjing Snacks - Salt-water Duck - Nanjing Plank Duck - Duck Blood Vermicelli Soup - Sugar Snacks - Roasted Goose - Dry Duck - Water Duck

Education

Higher Education

Early in the Han Dynasty, private schools in the eastern part of the Yangtze River were already relatively well developed. Nanjing's government-run higher education, on the other hand, began in the Eastern Wu Dynasty. Wu Yongan first year (258 A.D.) Sun Hugh edict to set up the five scriptures Dr. Founding of the national school, the Jin Dynasty and Song, Qi, Liang, Chen four dynasties Nanjing Imperial College, to the period of the Ming Nanjing State Prison for the world's most prosperous supreme school; Jinling non-Kyoto era by the central school for the Nanjing Prefectural University, in 1650 the Ming State Prison was changed to the Qing Jiangning Prefectural University; in 1902 the Jiangning Prefectural University ceased to operate, and preparations for the Three Rivers Teachers' Training College, renamed the 1906 Two rivers teacher training school, ceased in 1912; after the establishment of the Republic of China, 1914, Nanjing Higher Teacher Training School, later renamed the National Southeast University, the fourth Sun Yat-sen University, Jiangsu University, the Central University, renamed the University of Nanjing in 1949. In addition, in the early Song Dynasty, the Mingdao Academy and the Maoshan Academy were established, and in the Qing Dynasty, the Zhongshan Academy and the Shiyin Academy were set up, and at the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Jiangnan School of Industry, the Jiangnan School of Military Preparation, the Jiangnan School of Land Masters, the Jiangnan School of Water Masters, and the Jinling University of Arts and Crafts and other new schools were set up. During the Republic of China period, a number of American Christian churches in Nanjing jointly opened Jinling University, Jinling Women's University and other institutions of higher learning. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, especially since the restructuring of the faculties in 1952, the former Nanjing University merged Jinling University, the Jinling Women's College of Arts and Sciences, and a number of faculties of other institutions to establish a number of institutions of higher learning, such as today's Nanjing University, Southeast University, and Nanjing Normal University. In addition, there are also Nanjing University of Technology and Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics.

At the end of 2007, there were 41 ordinary colleges and universities (excluding military colleges and universities), with 678,000 students enrolled, including 68,000 graduate students. There are 79 academicians of the two academies in Ning, including 47 academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and 32 academicians of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE). Academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Ningxia are distributed in 6 fields: 14 in the Department of Mathematical Physics, 7 in the Department of Chemistry, 1 in the Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, 15 in the Department of Geosciences, 4 in the Department of Information Technology Science and 6 in the Department of Technological Sciences; academicians of the Chinese Academy of Engineering in Ningxia are distributed in 7 fields: 2 in the Department of Mechanical Transportation and Engineering, 5 in the Department of Information and Electronic Engineering, 5 in the Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, 2 in the Department of Energy and Mining Engineering, 2 in the Department of Energy and Mining Engineering, and 2 in the Department of Energy and Mining Engineering. Mining Engineering 2, Civil, Hydraulic and Architectural Engineering 7, Agriculture, Textile and Environmental Engineering 7, Medicine and Health Engineering 4.

History

Prehistory

The footprints of ancient mankind have spread over time throughout today's Nanjing. A complete fossilized skull of the "Nanjing Ape Man" about 300,000 to 500,000 years old was unearthed at Tangshan Mountain in the eastern suburb of the city, and the site of the "Lishui Man" 10,000 years old was discovered at Shenxian Cave in Lishui County.

Primitive villages appeared in Nanjing 6,000 years ago, and the Beiyinyangying site excavated in the 1950s dates from about 4,000 to 3,000 B.C., and is the Neolithic culture type of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River - the Beiyinyangying culture, and there are more than 200 other early cultural relics in the Nanjing area, and the famous ones are the Dangzhongtai culture and the Huzhou culture. There are more than 200 early cultural relics in Nanjing, including the famous Point General Terrace Culture and Hushu Culture. Since ancient times, Nanjing has been the cultural and political center of the south of the Yangtze River.

Pre-Qin

Nanjing was the ancient land of Wu, located in the ancient Yangzhou area, one of the "nine states under the sun". In 495, King Wu Fu-chai was said to have built the city of Yecheng here. In 472, King Goujian of Yue destroyed Wu, and Fan Li built Yue City, which is located on the south bank of the Qinhuai River outside the present-day Zhonghua Gate. In 333 years ago, King Xiong Shang of Chu destroyed Yue, buried gold to suppress the "king's gas", and Stone Mountain (now Qingliang Mountain) built the Jinling Euphony, so Nanjing is also known as the "Jinling".

Six Dynasties

In 211, Sun Quan, the Emperor of Wu, built a stone city on the former site of Jinling Eup on Stone Mountain. 229 years, the capital was built here, named "Jianye", with a circumference of about 11 kilometers, which began the history of Nanjing as a capital city. In the first year of Jianwu (317), Sima Rui established the Eastern Jin Dynasty (317-420) with Jiankang as its capital, and Nanjing became the center of orthodox Chinese culture. After the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Song (420-479), Qi (479-502), Liang (502-557), and Chen (557-589) established their capitals here, which is known as the Southern Dynasty. The Southern Dynasties, together with Wu and Jin before them, were known as the Six Dynasties.

Sui-Yuan

Sui-Yuan in 589, the Sui dynasty destroyed Chen, capturing the latter, destroying the city's palaces, and setting up Jiangzhou in Shicheng. The Southern Tang Dynasty (937-975) established its capital in Jinling, called Jiangning Prefecture. Today's Neiqiao is the bridge in front of the main gate of the Southern Tang Palace, and Zhonghua Road was the imperial road and the city's central axis at that time. After the Song Dynasty, the city of Nanjing was gradually expanded on the basis of the Jinling City of the Southern Tang Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, Shengzhou was set up, and in the Northern Song Dynasty, it was called Jiangning Prefecture, and in the Southern Song Dynasty, it was renamed Jiankang Prefecture, and was the capital of the eastern road of Jiangnan. During the Yuan Dynasty, it was the Jiqing Road.

In 1356, Zhu Yuanzhang (the Great Ancestor of Ming Dynasty) captured Jiqing and used it as a base from which he gradually eliminated his rivals such as Chen Youliang, Fang Guozhen, and Zhang Shicheng, and drove out the Mongols and established the Ming Dynasty in 1368, with its capital at this place, which was the capital of Yingtianfu. The 96-mile-long wall, the longest in the world and the tallest in China, was built, and half of it remains today. In the 19th year of the Yongle period, Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty moved the capital to Beijing (where the imperial palace and the official government offices were modeled after the Nanjing system), and changed Yingtianfu into Nanjing (the capital of the city), with six ministries and other institutions still in place.

In 1644, Li Zicheng captured Beijing, Chongzhen Emperor committed suicide, Zhu Yusong, King of Fu in Nanjing, that is, Hongguang Emperor. 1645, Nanjing was captured by the Qing soldiers, down to Jiangning. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, it was the capital of Jiangnan Province, and until the end of the Qing Dynasty, it was the residence of the Governor of the Two Rivers (which governed the provinces of Jiangsu, Anhui, and Jiangxi), and the capital of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in 1853-1864, with the name of "Heavenly Capital". The city was almost completely destroyed during the war.

In 1899, a commercial port was opened at Shimonoseki, and in 1906 and 1911, the Shanghai-Nanjing Railway and the Jinpu Railway were opened.

Between 1929 and 1937, Nanjing underwent large-scale capital construction. in December 1937 (R.O.C. 26), the capital of the Republic of China (R.O.C.), Nanjing, fell, and the national government moved westward to Chongqing; the invading Japanese army carried out the Nanking Massacre in which at least 300,000 people were killed.

Ming City Wall

Nanjing Ming City Wall is the product and symbol of the capital of Ming Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang (1328-1398), and is the only capital city wall in Chinese history to have been built in the south of the Yangtze River to unify the country.

Nanjing Ming City Wall was built at the end of the Yuan Dynasty in the twenty-sixth year of the reign of Zhengzhou (1366 AD), and was completed in the fifteenth year of the Ming Dynasty in the year of Hongwu (1386 AD), which lasted for 21 years. From the inside to the outside by the palace city, the Imperial City, the capital, the outer Guo four walls constitute. Among them, the Nanjing capital wall, not following the ancient capital to take the square or rectangular old system, the design of unique ideas, construction technology is exquisite, the scale of the majestic, in the mountains and waters of Nanjing, meandering between the 33.676 kilometers, than the capital of Beijing's ancient wall is also 0.776 kilometers long. And the Nanjing ancient city wall is 60 kilometers in circumference.

Centuries of vicissitudes, the Palace City, the Imperial City, the outer three circles of the city wall has been destroyed, but the tall wall of the capital, in addition to the gate and other wooden buildings no longer exist, the wall is still standing. Therefore, now usually referred to as the "Nanjing Wall", "Nanjing Ming City Wall" refers to the capital wall.

Nanjing's city wall, for China's ancient military defense facilities, city wall construction technology set of masterpieces. Regardless of the historical value, ornamental value, archaeological value and architectural design, scale, function and other aspects, domestic and foreign walls can not be compared with it, can be said to be after the Great Wall of Qin Dynasty in China after another historical wonders.

As early as 472 B.C., after the destruction of Wu by King Goujian of Yue, attempting to further annexation of Chu, he looked at the area of Changganli, located in the present Zhonghua Gate of Nanjing, and summoned his strategist Fan Li to supervise the construction of the city, which was named "Yuecheng," also known as "Fan Li" city. The city was also called "Fan Li". At that time, the city was very small, with a circumference of only 1 kilometer and 80 paces, covering an area of only 60,000 square meters, and was called "Yue Tai" (越台). In 333 B.C., King Wei of Chu destroyed Yue, and built a city on Qingliang Mountain (also called Stone Mountain) in Nanjing, which was called "Jinling Eup", and this is the origin of the name of Nanjing, also known as "Jinling" and "Stone City". This is also the origin of the name "Jinling" and "Stone City". In 211 B.C., Sun Quan built a "stone city" on the site of Jinling Eup, which is today's Nanjing's important historical relic, "Ghost Face City", a military fortress at that time, which was built on the mountain as a city, due to the river as a pool, the terrain is very dangerous.

Of course, the most brilliant page in the history of Nanjing's ten dynasties is the Ming City Wall, which was built in the 26th year of the Yuan Dynasty after the capture of Nanjing by Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty. It connects the Stone City in the east, the Qinhuai District in the south, and the Xuanwu Lake in the north, encompassing all the capital cities of the past dynasties. Zhu Yuanzhang for the construction of this capital, using all kinds of city construction personnel of more than a million people, involving the Yangtze River in the middle and lower reaches of a number of provinces in the vast area, with a strong national affinity and regional representation.

Nanjing originally 13 gates, respectively: Shenze Gate (now Hepingmen), Zhongfu Gate, Jinchuan Gate, Yifeng Gate (now Xingzhongmen), Dinghuaimen, Qingliang Gate, Shicheng Gate (now Hanzhongmen), Sanshan Gate (now ShuiXiMen), Jubao Gate (now Zhonghua Gate), TongJi Gate, Zhengyang Gate (now GuangHuaMen), Chaoyang Gate (now ZhongShanMen), Taiping Gate.

Later, during the Republic of China, the Caochangmen, Central Gate, Xinminmen, Jiefangmen, Yijiangmen, Leunfengmen (now Xuanwumen) and so on. Then opened in the 80's Jikei Gate. However, Zhongfu Gate, Jinchuan Gate, Tongji Gate, Qingliang Gate, Caochang Gate, Dinghuaimen, Sanshan Gate, Taiping Gate and Zhengyang Gate were destroyed in the war and have not yet been rebuilt, so the existing gates of Nanjing are: Shenzhe, Xinmin, Yifeng, Yijiang, Shicheng, Jixing, Ju Baobao, Chaoyang, Jiefang, Leapfeng ten gates.

The salvage repair in recent years, now the total length of the Ming city wall in Nanjing has reached 23.743 kilometers. Nanjing Municipal Party Committee and the municipal government also spared no expense, has built to the ancient city wall as the background, moat as the basis of the crescent lake park, Lion Hill Park, Shenzemen Park, Hydrangea Park, Little Peach Garden, Bazhushan Park, Shuimuqianhuai Square, etc., the construction of the ruins of the water West Gate Square that can convey the historical information and the urns, the city wall as the theme of the new architectural groups of Hanzhongmen Citizen Recreation Plaza, the China Gate Castle, and so on.