Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Traditional customs - What is the moral character of our Chinese nation and their heroic deeds?
What is the moral character of our Chinese nation and their heroic deeds?
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Genghis Khan, I believe everyone in China knows who it is! Not only do you know, open our history textbooks, but China is also known as the hero and great man of China! Especially at the beginning of last century, when China was most bullied, Genghis Khan was regarded as a god by some people in China, and his conquest of half of Europe became a spiritual medicine for these China people to comfort themselves!
But I want to ask here how Genghis Khan became a hero in China. ! China's great man? ! This is something that can't be hit by eight poles! Genghis Khan is the Great Khan of the Mongolian Kingdom, Mongolian, without China origin, not from China. If you are a hero, blame the Mongolian people. What does it have to do with China? ! At that time, Mongolians had their own country, the Kingdom of Mongolia, and China people also had their own country-Song! The two countries are geographically not bordered, separated by Xixia and Jin, and the distance is "65438+80 Wan Li"! So there is little contact with each other. I believe there were Mongolians and China (Song) people at that time-especially the Song people. Except for some upper rulers, ordinary people probably didn't even know the names of the other countries!
The only connection between the two countries had nothing to do with it at all, but later a branch of the Mongolian kingdom occupied the whole Song Dynasty and established the Yuan Dynasty, thus establishing the relationship between conquest and conquest between the two countries. To put it bluntly, our China Song was subjugated! Song people did conquered people! What is there to be proud of in such a history? But many of us are not ashamed but proud! Even our textbooks openly praised Genghis Khan as a national hero, relished the Mongols' conquest of Europe, and showed off the territory of the Yuan Dynasty in a conspicuous position, saying that the Yuan Dynasty was the largest country in the history of China!
Yuan's territory is really big, but it's not China's! China was also conquered at that time, just a piece of meta-territory (please remember this)! It is said that Yuan's territory belongs to China, just like when India was conquered by Macedonian Alexander, Indians said that their Indian territory came to Egypt (when Egypt was incorporated into Macedonian Empire) or China said that their territory spanned the Pacific Ocean, and Japanese occupied most of the Asia-Pacific region in World War II. Such a statement is self-deceiving and shameless!
And so far-fetched, Genghis Khan's old man still has nothing to do with China, because it was the descendants of Genghis Khan who conquered China (Song) at that time, and it has nothing to do with Genghis Khan's old man. Genghis Khan grew up in the desert grassland, which was never ruled by China before in the Qing Dynasty (the problem of the Qing Dynasty, with special comments at the end of this article), and it was as remote and desolate as the Antarctic for the Song people at that time. After Genghis Khan unified Mongolia, he began to resist Jin's oppression. Then, with the victory of the war, the national liberation war evolved into aggression and expansion. He turned to Xixia, Arab countries and European countries to launch aggressive wars and occupied a large territory that is now expanding in Eastern Europe. Genghis Khan was injured in a battle with Xixia and died soon after. From the above historical facts, it is not difficult to find that Genghis Khan himself and his life had no connection with China (that is, the Song Dynasty at that time), and he did not think of China (Song Dynasty) when he invaded. I'm afraid he has never seen a China Song Dynasty in his life (excluding the Han people under the rule of Jin)! I'm afraid only Genghis Khan once respected Taoism rooted in China, met several Taoist monks of China descent, listened to their advice not to kill innocent people, and hoped to form an alliance with China (Song) to resist gold, so as to completely eliminate the gold that still had strong strength at that time!
Such a person obviously can't be the hero of China and the pride of China! Of course, this does not mean that Genghis Khan is not a hero. Genghis Khan is certainly a hero, but he is not a hero of the people of China. We should not flatter ourselves. Genghis Khan also conquered Russia, and Russia recognized Genghis Khan's greatness, but when did you hear Russians say Genghis Khan was a hero of the Russian nation? ! This is totally different!
It's just that this "misunderstanding" was caused by Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor! Zhu Yuanzhang liberated the people of China at that time, drove away the Mongols and made China regain its independence, which was a great historical contribution of Zhu Yuanzhang. But Zhu Yuanzhang, after all, has little reading, a strong sense of small farmers and often does short-sighted stupid things!
Yuan was the first time in the history of China that the people were completely conquered by foreigners and ruled by foreign minorities. No matter how bad China is, it hasn't come to this and suffered such humiliation. Maybe this feeling is too strong. Zhu Yuanzhang decided to heal the wounds of this place for the people of China. The way he took was to insist that Genghis Khan was from China! ! Since Genghis Khan belongs to China, China will be conquered and ruled by foreign countries. ! Zhu Yuanzhang solved the problem through this ah q winning method. Thanks to him, today we will regard Genghis Khan, the conqueror, as our hero, "take the thief as our father" and fabricate the biggest lies and jokes in the history of China! Now is the time for us to seriously correct this mistake!
PS: The Qing Dynasty was the second period of minority rule in the history of China, but there were essential differences between the Qing Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty! Nurhachi, the founder of the Qing Dynasty, lived in Liaodong, which was originally the land of the Ming Dynasty, and Nurhachi himself had a registered account in the local government of the Ming Dynasty, so Nurhachi should be an Amin dynasty and a minority under the rule of the Ming Dynasty. Nurhachi's resistance was originally to resist the oppression of the local Ming government. The war against Ming was not a war of aggression, but it was only because of historical opportunity (Ming was destroyed by Li Zicheng) that it was able to enter the Central Plains and overthrow the whole Ming! So the Qing Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty are different. The Qing Dynasty can be said to be a dynasty in China. The Manchu people were regarded as China people, which was well-founded, at least not out of nothing! The Yuan Dynasty was different. As we have already introduced, Mongolians are not from China. At that time, Mongolians did not live on the land of China. People have their own country, the Kingdom of Mongolia (made up of several kingdoms, I will call it the Kingdom of Mongolia for short here), and China people also have their own country, the Song Dynasty. At that time, Mongolians and China people were two completely independent nations and countries. Like the Yamato nation and the Chinese nation, as well as Japan and China, the relationship between them is the relationship between countries, just diplomatic relations! Therefore, of course, the Mongols can't be said to be China Song people, and the Mongolian war against Song is of course the aggression of one country against another!
The opium destruction in Humen was excluded from the forest.
But we just learned this text today.
Xue, a famous Tang Dynasty, was born in Longmen, Jiangzhou (now Hejin, Shanxi). He is famous for his politeness and noble words. He was born in the 9th year of the Great Cause of Sui Dynasty (6 13) and died in the 2nd year of Tang Yongchun (683). His main deeds were in the period of Emperor Taizong and Emperor Gaozong.
Xue grew up in a poor family, learned to write, practiced martial arts and had arm strength. He grew up to be a farmer and married Liu.
In the late period of Zhenguan in Tang Dynasty, Emperor Taizong wanted to levy Koguryo himself. From the autumn of the eighteenth year of Zhenguan (644), we mobilized military supplies, recruited sergeants and actively prepared for war. Xue defected to the general and accepted him as his subordinate. Soon, Emperor Taizong personally occupied Koguryo, and when the army went to Andi, Lang surrounded Liu with local armed forces. When Xue heard this, he led a horse to rescue him. First, he beheaded the general, tied his head to the saddle, subdued the rest and rescued him back to the camp. Since then, Xue has been famous for his three armies.
Wen Tianxiang, Su Wu, Xia Wanchun. Plus the last one.
Fu, alias, word ancient, number, longevity, man, field song, poet of Nanming, patriotic hero. A native of Huating County (now Songjiang, Shanghai), Songjiang Prefecture, Ming Dynasty, lived in Huayuanbang, west of the county seat. Xia, the father of Wan Chun, is a celebrity in the south of the Yangtze River. He founded several clubs with Mr. Wan Chun. Influenced by his father, Xia Wanchun is determined to be a loyal and respected honor. Gifted, early-thinking, reading history at the age of 5. At that time, Chen Jiru once wrote a poem praising: "Bold, over-browed, refined, five years old." At the age of 7, he could write poetry, and at the age of 9, he wrote The Collection of Dairu. Yi Yun travels far and often takes Wan Chun with him, so that he can experience mountains and rivers and meet heroes all over the world. Zhang Pu studied under Chen Zilong, and was also the leader of the rehabilitation society, and was deeply influenced by them in terms of article ethics. As a teenager, I was ambitious. By the time I was eleven or twelve years old, I had "many books and thousands of words, like the wind;" Talk about the military and delve into it. " Once, he asked his father-in-law Yan Qian, "The world is so bad today that I don't know what my father-in-law cares about. What book did you read? " My father-in-law was shocked and couldn't answer at the moment.
In the sixteenth year of Chongzhen (1643), he and Du, a friend from the same county, organized the "Southwest Friendship Association" (later changed to "Qiuzi Association") and became the descendants of the "Jizi Association". The following spring, the peasant uprising swept the north. Wan Chun claimed to be "Jiangzuo Youth" and wrote to 40 hometown Kunming, asking for volunteers to contribute to the emperor.
In the second year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (1645), the Qing soldiers went south, and at the end of Chun Dynasty (15), they rebelled with their father and teacher in Songjiang. After the failure, Xia drowned himself. However, he followed Chen Zilong to contact the Taihu Rebel, advised Wu Yi, the leader of the Rebel, and continued to engage in anti-Qing activities. Not only that, the rebels in Taihu Lake were surrounded and destroyed. Escape after a spring outing. The will to regain the light is unshakable. Due to the distress of state affairs, he wrote "The Great Funeral", which was brilliant in literary talent and sad in love words. Everyone who saw it sighed and was surprised.
In the spring of the fourth year of Shunzhi, Ming Chengzu named Xia as "Wenzhong" and Yao Fengchun as the Sheren of Zhongshu. Chun wrote a thank-you list, together with a list of dozens of people who resisted the Qing Dynasty and regained sight, and gave it to Xie, a scholar who specializes in maritime correspondence, and sent him to Zhoushan to dedicate it to King Lu. Xie was waiting for the boat at Que, but was captured by Qing soldiers and put in the prison of Wu Taishou. After the failure of Wu's anti-Qing movement, the Qing authorities got all the books written by Chun and others, so Hong Chengchou, the governor of Nanjing military affairs, obeyed the will of the Qing Regent and ordered the arrest according to the roster, so he must arrest these people.
Wan Chun took refuge in Jiashan's father-in-law's house, but was secretly prevented from going west. He returned to Songjiang, decided to cross the sea to Wang Lu, and then made a big plan. Unfortunately, he was arrested by the Qing authorities at the end of June and taken to Nanjing for trial. When the ship passed by Xilin Mountain (Chenshan Mountain), I thought of my teacher Chen Zilong and wrote a poem "Night Crying in Xilin Mountain" to express my condolences. The boat crossed the Wujiang River and wrote a poem "Night Crying in Wujiang River" in memory of Wu Yi.
When he was taken to Nanking, Hong Chengchou personally interrogated him and persuaded him to surrender, saying, "What does a child know? How can you call a soldier a traitor? Fall into the thief's middle ear by mistake! When you surrender, you won't lose your official position. " Wan Chun stood upright, didn't kneel, pretended not to know that the interrogator was Hong Chengchou, and replied loudly: "I heard that Mr. Hengjiu (Hong Chengchou) was an outstanding figure in the dynasty, and the battle between Songshan and Xingshan was bloody. The first emperor mourned for the T-shirt and moved Hua Yi. I have always admired his loyalty. Young as he is, how can he die and serve his country? " When the left and right officers told him that the "adult" in his class was Hong Chengchou, Wan Chun even said quietly, "Mr. Hengjiu has been dead for a long time, and the world has heard about it. He once offered sacrifices to seven altars, and the son of heaven came in person and left with tears in his eyes, and his ministers sobbed. How inverse acts you are to pretend to be his name and be loyal to you! " Hong Chengchou was flustered and speechless. At that time, Qian Chang was also arrested and was very depressed. Wan Chun encouraged him to say, "If you are generous to your husband, wouldn't it be a great husband to see Chen Gong underground?" Make money all night. Talking and laughing in prison. The poem written from arrest to imprisonment, entitled "Southern Crown Grass", is a work dedicated to the world, hurting people, caring for friends and mourning the dead. It is generous and sad and has been passed down through the ages. Based on his father's collection of political essays "Continued Records", this paper analyzes the reasons for the demise of the Hong Guang Dynasty in the Southern Ming Dynasty. As the saying goes, "Du Nan government, the smaller the territory, the bigger the official; The fewer counties, the bigger the officials; The poorer the wealth, the richer the official. It's called three evils. Third, if you oppose politics, Wu will not die? " Therefore, Guo Moruo marveled that "Wan Chun is not only a poet, but also a talented person who is ready for history." On September 19, he was taken to the source and beheaded. When he was executed, he stood without kneeling and looked the same. He was only 17 years old when he died. After his death, his friends Du and Shen collected his body and buried it next to the summer tomb in Dangwan Village.
Suwu shepherd
Su Wu was a corps commander in the Western Han Dynasty. In BC 100, Emperor Wu appointed Su Wu as the official envoy of the Han Dynasty to escort the Xiongnu envoys home. When Su Wu arrived in Xiongnu and prepared to leave for Han, an accident happened. King Gou Jian of Xiongnu and Yu Chang, a traitor of the Han Dynasty, are planning a rebellion, preparing to contact the former Han soldiers brought by Wei Law when he surrendered to Xiongnu, and kidnap the mother of Xiongnu Khan to escape to the Han Dynasty. Yu Chang was very loyal to the Han Dynasty and hated Wei Law's shameful act of treason and seeking glory. Su Wu and John Zhang were sent to Xiongnu, and Yuchang was very happy. During the Han Dynasty, Yu Chang had frequent contacts with John Zhang. Yu Chang sneaked up to John Zhang and said, "I heard that Emperor Wu hated the defense law of treason very much. I can ambush someone secretly to get rid of him. My mother and brother were both in the Han Dynasty. If anything happens to me, I hope you will take care of them when you return to Han. " John Zhang agreed to Yuchang's plan and gave Yuchang some money and things to support Yuchang's action. Unexpectedly, Yu was often reported and Khan sent troops to kill him. Gou Jian, the king of Yue, and others were killed, and Yu was often captured alive. ? Song dynasty (1103 ~1142)
Ju Peng, a native of Tangyin, Xiangzhou, Henan Province, was a great star in the Song Dynasty. The mother is the most filial and the family is poor. His mother tattooed the words "faithfully serve the country" on his back, and Yue Fei took this as the criterion of life. In the Northern Song Dynasty, the draft was transferred to Zong Ze's command, and the nomadic people were defeated repeatedly. Song Gaozong wrote the word "Faithful Yue Fei" in calligraphy and set up a flag to give it. He also defeated Li Cheng, leveled Liu Yu, beheaded Yang Yao, tired officials to Qiu Wei, granted less insurance, and recruited envoys from all walks of life in northern Henan.
In 1 129, Jin Wushu crossed the river and conquered Jiankang. Yue Fei persisted in resisting. The following year, in Yancheng, the "kidnapper" of Jiankang was recovered, and Zhengzhou and Luoyang were recovered. Rebels from two rivers (Huaihe River and Yellow River) responded continuously, hoping to re-enter Zhuxian Town, cherish the efforts of Premier Qin Gui and make peace.
The army led by Yue Fei is called "Yue Jiajun", and Jin Bing is very afraid of "Yue Jiajun". It is said that it is easier to shake the mountain than the Yue family army.
1 162, when Song Xiaozong was reinstated, Wu Mu was killed, Ning Zongshi was posthumously named King of Hubei, posthumously named as a loyal minister, and there was Yue Wumu Collection.
wen tianxiang
Wen Tianxiang (1236- 1283), formerly known as Sun Yun, was born in Wenshan, Luling, Jizhou (now Ji 'an County). He was an outstanding national hero and patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. In the fourth year of Baoyu (1256), he won the top prize, but he was unable to become an official because of his father's death. Eunuch Dong asked to move the capital to avoid the enemy's front. In order to inspire people, Wen Tianxiang offered a plan to defend against the enemy and asked Dong to behead him, which was not adopted. Later, he served as Langguan and Zhizhou in the punishments department. In the sixth year of Xian Chun (1270), he was dismissed for offending the traitor Jia Sidao. Deyou (1275) heard about it in the first month. It was the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty). The following year, he was appointed Prime Minister Right and envoy of the Tang Dynasty. At that time, the Yuan army had advanced on Lin 'an, was sent to Yuan Ying for negotiations, was detained and taken to the north. At the end of February, Tianxiang and his guest Du Hu and others 12 died in Zhou Zhen at night. Then he went south to Fujian by sea, joined Zhang Shijie and Lu Xiufu, and persisted in resisting Yuan. Jing Yan joined the army for two years (1277). Defeated by Yuan Zhongbing, his wife and children were held hostage, and the soldiers sacrificed a lot. Tian Xiang escaped alone, so he retreated to Guangdong and continued to resist Yuan. Later, because of the traitor's attack, he was captured in Wupoling (now Haifeng County, Guangdong Province) in December of the same year. Forcing Zhang Hongfan to surrender to Zhang Shijie by Yuan is a poem in the book Zero Crossing. At the end of the sentence, he said, "No one has died since ancient times, leaving Dan Xin in charge of his sweat." After four years in prison, he endured all kinds of severe tests and never gave in. He died peacefully on 1283 at the age of 47. Wen Tianxiang wrote a large number of poems, words and essays, including more than one poem 100, which made great achievements, including The Complete Works of Mr. Wenshan, among which Crossing the Zero Ding Yang and Yi Ge Xing are timeless.
Su Wu
Su Wu (140 ~ 60 BC), whose real name was Qing Zi. Ling Du (now in the middle and west of Xi, Shaanxi) was a famous man of loyalty in the Western Han Dynasty. Father Su Jian, who followed the famous Wei Qing to attack Xiongnu many times in the north, later served as the magistrate of Dai Jun. The bureaucratic system at that time stipulated that if the father was an official, the son could first enter the official rank from a lower rank. Su Wu is also a LangGuan first, and then gradually promoted. In the first year of the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, that is, in 100 BC, he was ordered to send an envoy to Xiongnu as a corps commander. Because King Gou Jian of Xiongnu plotted to kidnap Khan's mother, E Shi, and submit to the Han Dynasty, John Zhang, the messenger of the Han Dynasty, was also involved, and Su Wu was also implicated.
In order to force Su Wu to surrender, Xiongnu Khan initially locked him in the cellar. Su Wu was so hungry that he ate snow and Mao Weisheng, but he never surrendered. Khan took him to the North Sea (now Lake Baikal in the Soviet Union), and Su Wu was even more unmoved. He still holds Jeff of the Han Dynasty, herding sheep for a living, showing tenacious perseverance and unyielding integrity. Later, after Zhao Di ascended the throne, the Han Dynasty married the Huns and asked them to return Su Wu and other envoys, but Khan lied that Su Wu and others were dead.
Later, when the envoys of the Han Dynasty came to the Xiongnu area, they finally learned that Su Wu was still alive, so they threatened that the emperor of the Han Dynasty had shot a wild goose in Shanglinyuan, with silk on its feet, and made it clear that Su Wu was in the swamp in the north. Khan had to return Su Wu and other nine people.
Su Wu stayed in Xiongnu for a long time, with 19 years.
In the sixth year of Zhao Di's reign, that is, 8 1 year BC, Su Wu finally returned to Chang 'an. The following year, Shangguan Jie, Shangguan 'an and Sang Hongyang were charged with rebellion. Su Wu has a good relationship with Shangguan and Sang Hongyang, and his son is also involved. Su Wu was removed from office. After the death of Emperor Zhao, Su Wu was appointed as the Commissioner of Customs for his participation in the establishment of Xuan Di.
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