What are the four major plasters in China?

For a long time, plaster has been widely used in people's lives as a nourishing and external therapeutic patch. Throughout the ages, plaster can be divided into four categories, namely decoction, ointment, hard plaster and dressing. Let's take a look at how these plasters are made and used respectively:

1, decoction: Tang said "decoction". Generally, it is an oral viscous semi-fluid product, which is made by decocting, removing residues, concentrating and adding honey or sugar. It has the advantages of high drug concentration, small volume, good stability and convenient administration. The role of Jian Gao is mainly nourishing, and it also has soothing therapeutic effect. It is also called "Gao" or "Ointment" because of its warm nature. Some add sugar as "sugar paste" and some add honey as "honey paste". This kind of cream is popular all over the country in recent years. Simple decoction is divided into dry extract, extract and fluid extract according to consistency.

2, ointment: called "ointment" in ancient times. Taking vegetable oil, wax wax, vaseline or animal fat as matrix, adding drugs and heating to extract effective components; Or grinding into powder without heating, and mixing to prepare semisolid dosage form for skin or mucous membrane administration. Commonly known as "ointment", also known as "ointment". Has the functions of protection, moistening, lubrication or local treatment. The drugs in some ointments can also be absorbed through the skin to play a systemic therapeutic role.

3. Hard plaster: commonly known as "plaster", it is a kind of nearly solid external dosage form which is dissolved or mixed in an appropriate matrix and coated on the pasting material, and has local or systemic therapeutic effect. According to the matrix composition, it can be divided into the following categories:

(1) Lead paste: refers to semi-solid or solid products made by decocting medicinal materials with plants and then combining them with plumbum preparatium. Mainly lead oleate. Due to the different application ratio of lead in processing and different heating temperature and time, products with different colors and hardness can be obtained, ranging from white, yellow to black, usually black. Black plaster is made of Huang Dan (lead tetroxide), and white plaster is added with lead powder (basic lead carbonate). The earliest lead paste is contained in Volume 8 of "Golden Elbow Emergency Prescription-Paste": "Fragrant oil is thirteen taels, and vegetable oil is also acceptable; Huang Dan, seven two. Decoct the two materials with slow fire, and stir the wet willow grates continuously until the color is black and the fire is flourishing. They are still stirring, the smoke is broken, and the paste gradually thickens ... "So, the lead paste in the Northern and Southern Dynasties is the so-called matrix today; Later generations gradually developed, and the main medicine was added to the matrix to improve the curative effect. This dosage form is also one of the commonly used dosage forms at present.

(2) Rosin paste: This is a lead-free plaster, which is synthesized by drugs with rosin and oil as the matrix. There are methods similar to lead paste and tamping.

3 Plaster: also known as "Plaster", a kind of external preparation with or without drugs, based on rubber.

(4) cataplasm: This is a modern external ointment made of hydrophilic polymer as skeleton material, filler, tackifier, humectant, crosslinking agent and crosslinking regulator as matrix, and Chinese herbal medicine extract, which is coated, cut and packaged.

⑤ Transdermal patch: It is made of polymer and polymer controlled release materials, and the drug can be used for local and systemic treatment through the skin.