What are the characteristics and practicality of ancient Chinese architecture

Practicality of Ancient Chinese Architecture:

1. Ancient Chinese Architecture uses wood and masonry as the main building materials, and wooden frame structure as the main structural method.

This structure is built by the main components such as columns, beams, purlins, etc., and the nodes between the components are matched by mortise and tenon to form a flexible frame. In ancient China, there are three different types of wooden frames: the raised beam, the pierced bucket, and the well stem. The lifted beam style is called "lifted beam style" because the beams are lifted on the columns and the beams are lifted on top of the beams. Palace, altar temple, temple and other large buildings often use this structure. Through the bucket is to use through the square to rows of columns through even up to become rows of frame, and then with square, purlin bucket and become, so called through the bucket. Mostly used for residential and smaller buildings. Well dry type is made of wood cross-stacked, because of its enclosed space like a well and named. This structure is relatively primitive and simple, and is now rarely used except in a few forested areas. Wooden frame structure has many advantages, first of all, load-bearing and enclosure structure is clearly divided, the weight of the roof by the wooden frame to bear, the outer walls play a role in blocking the sun, heat insulation and cold, the inner walls play a role in dividing the indoor space. Since the walls are not load-bearing, this structure gives the building great flexibility. Secondly, conducive to earthquake prevention, seismic, wood frame structure is very similar to today's frame structure, due to the characteristics of the wood, and the structure of the frame used arch and mortise and tenon and have a number of expansion and contraction margin, so within certain limits can be reduced by the earthquake on the harm caused by the frame. "Walls fall down, the house does not collapse" is a graphic expression of the characteristics of this structure.

2. The plan layout of Chinese architecture has a concise organizational pattern

That is, the "room" as a unit to form a single building, and then a single building to form the courtyard, and then the courtyard as a unit to form a variety of forms of groups. In terms of single buildings, rectangular planes are the most common. In addition, there are also geometric planes such as circles, squares, and crosses. As a whole, most of the important buildings adopt a balanced and symmetrical approach, taking the courtyard as a unit and designing along the longitudinal and transverse axes, which, with the help of the organic combination of the building groups and the accentuation, makes the main building appear particularly grand and magnificent. Residential and landscape gardens, on the other hand, adopt the flexible layout of "due to the timing, on the location".

3. Ancient Chinese architectural shape beautiful

Especially in the roof shape is the most prominent, mainly in the form of hipped, hiatus, overhanging mountain, hard mountain, save the tip, roll shed.

Whether hipped or hipped, or hipped, it is a large roof, which is stable and coordinated. The roof in a clever combination of straight lines and curves, the formation of upward slightly curved eaves, not only expanding the light surface, drainage of rainwater, but also added to the building of the beauty of the flying light.

Aesthetics of ancient Chinese architecture:

1, decorative roof

Ancient Chinese master craftsmen discovered the possibility of using the roof to achieve artistic effect. In the Book of Songs, there is a line that reads, "The temple is winged," indicating that poets 3,000 years ago were already celebrating the winged roofs of ancestral temples in their poems. By the Han Dynasty, the five basic roof styles of later generations - the hipped roof with four slopes, the rounded roof with four, six or eight slopes, and the hard peak roof with two slopes but with the two walls aligned with the roof surface - had been adopted for the next generation. The "hard roof", two slopes and the roof picked out to the wall outside the "hanging roof", and the upper half of the hanging and the lower half of the four slopes of the "hiatus roof" is already available. China's ancient craftsmen made full use of the characteristics of wood structure, creating the roof fold and roof up, out of the warping, forming a bird-like wings stretching the eaves and roof parts of the soft and beautiful curve. At the same time, the ridge of the ridge end are added with appropriate carving, the eaves of the tile is also to be decorative treatment. After the Song Dynasty, and a large number of glazed tiles, for the roof plus color and luster, coupled with the subsequent emergence of many other roof styles, as well as the combination of these roofs into a variety of complex shapes with artistic effect, so that the ancient Chinese architecture in the use of the roof form to create the building's artistic image of a wealth of experience, and become one of the important features of ancient Chinese architecture.

2, the application of the liner building

The application of the liner building is a commonly used artistic treatment of ancient Chinese palaces, temples and other high-level buildings. Its role is to set off the main building. The earliest application and very artistic characteristics of the lining building is from the Spring and Autumn Period has begun to be built in front of the main gate of the palace "Que". By the Han Dynasty, in addition to palaces and mausoleums, shrines, temples and large and medium-sized tombs were also used. The existing Ya'an Gao Yi Tomb Que in Sichuan Province, the shape and carving is very exquisite, is a typical work of the Han Dynasty Tomb Que. After the Han Dynasty carvings, murals can often be seen in various forms of que, to the Ming and Qing dynasties, que evolved into the current Palace of the noon gate. Other common artistic lining of the building is also common in front of the main gate of the palace Huabiao, pagoda, wall, stone lions and so on.

3, the use of color

Ancient Chinese master craftsmen in the architectural decoration of the most daring use of color is also the most adept at the use of color. This characteristic is inseparable from the wooden structure system of Chinese architecture. Because the wood can not be durable, so, Chinese architecture was used early in the wood on the paint and tung oil approach to protect the wood and strengthen the wooden components with mortise and tenon combination of the shut joints, while increasing the beauty, to achieve practical, strong and beautiful combination.