Classification of the stages of Chinese medicine concocting technology of Chinese medicine concocting technology

The development of Chinese medicine concoction can be divided into about four periods: Spring and Autumn, Warring States and Song Dynasty (722 BC to 1279 AD) is the beginning and formation of Chinese medicine concoction technology; Jin Yuan and Ming Dynasty (1280 to 1644 AD) is the formation of concoction theory; Qing Dynasty (1645 to 1911 AD) is the period of expansion of concoction varieties and application of the technology; and modern times (after 1912) is the period of revitalization and development of concoctions.

The concoction of traditional Chinese medicine was known as "gun baking" in the past. However, the two words "shelling" only represent two methods of fire treatment in the whole processing technology of traditional Chinese medicine, and cannot summarize the other methods of traditional Chinese medicine concocting. In order to preserve the original meaning of the ancient artillery scorching, but also more accurately reflect the entire processing technology of traditional Chinese medicine, now collectively referred to as shelling. The word "concoction" represents a variety of fire-related processing techniques, while the word "system" represents a wider variety of processing techniques. The written records of Chinese medicine concoctions began in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods. In China's first existing medical book "Huang Di Nei Jing", the record of the treatment of half-summer is the half-summer that has been concocted. To the Han Dynasty, the concoction method has been very much, such as steaming, frying, baking, calcining, gunning, refining, boiling, boiling, burning, burning, research, thwarting, pounding, wine, wine, wine, wine, wine, wine, wine, wine, wine, wine, wine, wine, wine, wine, wine, wine, wine, wine, wine, wine, wine, wine, wine, wine, wine, wine, wine, wine, water, water, water, water, water, water, soup, scraping, removing the skin, removing the nucleus, removing the wings and hair and so on. At the same time, theories of concoctions also began to be created. Such as the first Chinese medicine book came out at that time, "Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing" preface wrote: medicine ...... poisonous and non-toxic, Yin dry and dry, picking and making time and month; raw and ripe, the land out of the authenticity of the Chenxin and have their own law ...... Eastern Han Dynasty famous doctor Zhang Zhongjing's "Treatise on Typhoid and Miscellaneous Diseases" describes the concoctions of more than one hundred kinds of medicines. More than a hundred kinds of drugs concoctions, he also believes that the drug has to be rooted to stem, have to skin to meat, or meat to skin, and flowers to real, to be burned, refining, shelling, burning, according to the prescription refining picking. The treatment of cutting, very clean. It can be seen, in the Han Dynasty, people have a certain understanding of the purpose and significance of Chinese medicine concoction.

North and South Dynasties period, China's first monograph on concoctions, "Lei Gong Gun Zhi Lu" came out. The book recorded 300 kinds of medicines concocting methods and techniques, on the basis of summarizing the previous concocting techniques, and the whole technical level of Chinese medicine concocting greatly improved. The methods listed therein mainly include steaming, boiling, frying, baking, gunning, calcining, dipping and flying. Steaming is divided into steaming, wine steaming, steaming juice; cooking is divided into boiling salt water, liquorice boiling, boiling black bean juice; roasted is divided into honey roasted, crispy honey roasted, pig fat roasted, medicinal juice coated with roasted; dipping is divided into saline immersion, honey immersion, rice swill immersion, slurry immersion, medicinal juice immersion, wine immersion, vinegar immersion, etc., for the clinical use of the concoction of medicines to provide an extremely important and valuable experience, which many of these concoctions have been used to the present day.

During the Tang Dynasty, when science and culture were more developed, the preparation of traditional Chinese medicine was emphasized. Sun Simiao in the "Preparing for the emergency Qianjin to say, all the prescription drugs, all boil section are footnotes, this is not the formula, in this article with the article, more do not bother under the note also. The Tang Dynasty's "Newly Revised Materia Medica" is China's first national pharmacopoeia, labeled with the method of drug concoctions, is the beginning of concoction technology by the government to protect. The book contains many concoctions, such as simmering, burnt, as cork, as black beans, as soybean yellow rolls, etc., and recorded jade jade, dansha, mica, stalactites, alumina, nitrate and other minerals, such as the concoction of drugs.

Chinese medicine concoctions in the Song Dynasty developed faster, the Song government issued the "Taiping Huimin and the Bureau of prescription" with concoction technology chapter, the proposed drugs to be concocted in accordance with the law, the repair system in accordance with the degree of concoctions as a statutory pharmaceutical technology to ensure the quality of medicines has played a great role. In the Ming Dynasty, the development of Chinese medicine preparation was more comprehensive. In terms of theory, Chen Jia Mo in the "Materia Medica Montessori" has systematically discussed a number of concoctions of the principle of the role of the auxiliary materials, such as wine system ascension, ginger system dispersal, into the salt to go soft kidney, vinegar system into the liver meridian pain relief, the rice slop system to go dryness and neutralization, the milk system to nourish back to the dry, to help give birth to the yin and blood, honey sweet slow and difficult to melt, gain the yuan yang, wheat bran system suppression of the coolness of the diaphragm, do not injure the upper diaphragm, wudou Tang, licorice soup system exposure, and detoxification to make peace! ...... He also clearly pointed out that the effect of traditional Chinese medicine is valuable in the concoction. The Ming Dynasty Li Shizhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica" has a special concoction, Miao Xiyong's "artillery scorching Dafa", summarizing the Chinese medicine concoction 17 kinds of Dafa.

Li Shizhen, the famous pharmacist, set all the great achievements, in the "Compendium of Materia Medica" specializing in the repair of a system, contained the method of each family. Some of the concoctions, but also combined with the theory of Chinese medicine to explore. Subsequently, Miao Xiyong in the "Leigong gun hot theory" on the basis of the increase in the then commonly used concoctions, in his own work "gun hot method", put forward the famous gun hot seventeen method.

The first book dedicated to concoctions in the Qing Dynasty was Xiu Shi Guan, which was synthesized by Zhang Zhongyan from the concoctions of various schools throughout the ages. The book details 232 kinds of concoctions, systematically describes the various concoctions, clear entries, more eye-catching. At present, there are only nearly one hundred people specializing in concoctions nationwide. Chinese medicine concoction technology is in an endangered state of shrinkage. As modern medication tends to be routinized, the traditional one-party-one-method medication mode no longer exists, and many special and special-effective traditional concoctions have been gradually forgotten. The few surviving veteran herbalists who are skilled in the art of preparing herbal medicines have kept secret the art of preparing herbal medicines summarized by themselves after a long period of time, and the traditional art of preparing herbal medicines is facing a situation of decline or even loss. The relevant departments have not paid enough attention to the inheritance and protection of the concoction technology, and have not taken specific measures in the inheritance and protection, so the concoction technology of traditional Chinese medicine needs to be protected.

The state attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage, on May 20, 2006, the Chinese medicine concoction technology was approved by the State Council to be included in the list of the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage. on June 5, 2007, by the Ministry of Culture of the country to determine, the Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences of the Chinese medicine Wang Xiaotao and the China Association of Chinese Medicine of the JinShiYuan as the representative heritage of the cultural heritage project, and was included in the first batch of the list of 226 representative inheritors of national intangible cultural heritage programs.