I need a 200-word brief introduction about Manchu, including residential areas, customs and people's feelings.

Manchu is a treasure. Manchu people like to eat sticky things, because sticky things are hungry and convenient for hunting. Among them, the most distinctive is all kinds of snacks with exquisite production and unique flavor, which are collectively called "Manchu treasures", so it is called "Manchu banquet". Manchu Bobo has a long history, among which the most representative is "chestnut-faced Wowotou", also known as Xiaowotou.

Before the Manchu entered the customs, there was a banquet called "Bobo banquet", each table used 80 kilograms of flour, which showed the scale. Most of the flour used is sticky, that is, glutinous rice, yellow rice and small yellow rice are the main ingredients, with a proper amount of other rice residues, and then red bean paste, nuts and sugar are used as stuffing. The main varieties are Shaqima, Mung Bean Cake, Suye Cake, Pea Yellow Cake, Beef Tongue Cake, Beating Cake, Fried Cake, Bean Bag, etc. Every winter, Manchu people usually cook a few pots of bean paste buns and take them with them when they are frozen. Now you can often hear the cry of sticky bean buns in the winter market in Shenyang.

Dishes. Manchu people especially like to eat pork and sauerkraut, and there are many cooking methods. The more distinctive dishes are meat ceremony, white meat, sauerkraut and blood sausage, hot pot, sour soup and so on.

In case of festive events or sacrifices, a meat-eating ceremony should be held. There are eight people at a table. At dinner, the host will serve a piece of pork and gravy. Instead of chopsticks, the guests cut the meat into pieces or slices with their own knives, dipped it in gravy and drank it in turn, which was very generous.

White meat and blood sausage is a main course for Manchu people to entertain relatives and friends. Pork belly, cut into thin slices, put it in the pot with finely cut sauerkraut at the same time, then put it in the pot, boil it and cut it into small pieces. This dish is fragrant but not greasy and has high nutritional value. Now that restaurant in Shenyang is full of white meat and blood sausage, and its flavor is unparalleled, which is very popular with consumers.

Hot pot is the most typical Manchu diet. This diet is closely related to the hunting lifestyle of Manchu people in those days. Therefore, whether it is the original Manchu hot pot or the modern hot pot that can be seen everywhere in China today, people will think of "crackling" forest bonfires and "creaking" small hanging pots. It can be said that Manchu hot pot is the ancestor of hot pot that is popular all over the country now. In addition to chrysanthemum hotpot, there are also famous assorted hotpot and three fresh hotpot.

Sour soup is a traditional Manchu food. After the new grain matures in autumn, almost every family in the countryside soaks sour soup. Put the whole freshly beaten corn in a jar for soaking and fermentation, then rinse it with clear water to remove the sour taste, grind it into water, filter it to remove the residue and peel, and it becomes noodle soup. When eating, boil the water in the pot, put the special soup cover on the thumb of the left hand, hold a mass of noodle soup in the left hand, squeeze it with the right hand, put the squeezed soup strips directly in the pot, take them out, and mix them with seasonings such as meat sauce, egg sauce or chopped green onion sauce to eat.

2. Hairstyle and clothes

(1) hairstyle. The hairstyle of Manchu people inherited the custom of Nuzhen in Jin Dynasty. A man's hairstyle is half-shaved and half-left, that is, shaved before and left behind, and the hair left behind hangs on the braid. There can be various decorations on the braid, and you can basically judge your identity and status from the decoration. Legend has it that this hairstyle is related to the production mode of Jurchen riding and shooting, mainly to avoid the front hair blocking the line of sight and affecting hunting and shooting wild animals. In the sixties and seventies, in order to support themselves, little boys in rural areas of Han nationality still had the custom of leaving pigtails behind their heads, which was influenced by Manchu customs.

Manchu women cherish their hair very much and pay great attention to hairstyle. The custom of Manchu women "braiding their hair in a bun" also comes from the heritage of Jurchen. "Two ends" is the most representative hairstyle of Manchu women, that is, the hair is tied on the top of the head and divided into two locks to form a long horizontal bun, and the high bun is the most popular; Then tie the remaining hair at the back into a long flat bun of "dovetail" shape and press it on the back collar to straighten the neck. Manchu women wear cheongsam and high heels, which is graceful and elegant, and fully embodies the nobility and elegance of Manchu women.

In the mid-Qing Dynasty, Manchu aristocratic women became popular with "flag head", also known as "flag head board" and "big wing pulling". It is based on the bun on the top of the head and the flag is placed on it. The flag head is similar to what we saw on the stage. It is a flat crown supported by an iron frame, covered with blue velvet or blue satin, decorated with various gems on the front and tassels hanging on the side. It can be said that moving is swaying, and static is elegant. The flag head is developed from the "two heads". Because it became popular after entering the customs, people also called it "Dajingxiang".

(2) clothing. Manchu costumes are the ethnic costumes that have the greatest influence on China's modern costumes. Cheongsam, vest, mandarin jacket, etc. Still with its unique charm, it has become a favorite costume of people of all ethnic groups.

Qipao, which means "clothes" in Manchu, is the most distinctive costume of Manchu. Men's cheongsam has no collar or round neck; Twist lapels and narrow sleeves, also known as arrow sleeves or horseshoe sleeves; Buckle, slit at two or four sides of the lower part, strap. Arrow sleeves or horseshoe sleeves, usually rolled up, were put down to cover the back of the hand to keep out the cold in winter hunting or fighting, and later became a prescribed action in Qing etiquette. It was originally for the convenience of getting on and off the horse, but later it became a symbol of rank: royal family? Hey? ∑? Δ? The imperial clan opened four cracks, and the officials opened two cracks. There is also a kind of casual clothes, the hem can not be opened, commonly known as "a round wrap." Belt is very necessary in Manchu men's wear. There are various decorations hanging on the belt, such as Yu Pei and sachets.

A jacket is a jacket that is worn immediately. Can't reach the waist, slit all around and cover the robe to keep out the cold. At first, only the soldiers of the Eight Banners wore them; In the late Yongzheng period, the mandarin jacket, as a symbol of the Eight Banners, gradually became popular in all walks of life. Until the early years of the Republic of China, the mandarin jacket was still a costume for people to come and go on important occasions, that is, the "Tang suit" we wear today was also evolved from the mandarin jacket.

Vest is one of the characteristics of Manchu men's clothing. Vest, also known as vest and vest, is a sleeveless coat. During hunting, Manchu hunters often wear leather vests with fur facing outwards. Later, the vest had a decorative function, made of silk and satin, with colored strips on the four sides; The styles of Manchu waistcoats are becoming more and more unique. Common styles are straight, round, twisted, pipa, straight and herringbone. The most popular style is "Batru".

Women's cheongsam is roughly the same as men's cheongsam in style, but with some more decoration. Women's cheongsam is also a vertical long-sleeved robe with a wide chest. In addition, the hem, neckline and sleeve edges of cheongsam are inlaid with patterns or teeth, which makes cheongsam very beautiful and becomes a boutique in Manchu costumes.

With the development of society, women's cheongsam is constantly evolving and becoming more novel and exquisite. Curves and streamline from wide waist straight tube to tight body; The recycling of collar, waist, narrow sleeves, side placket and hem fully shows the beauty of oriental women's lines, and shows the inner temperament of oriental women's quiet, dignified, elegant and beautiful, which has become the national costume of China women.

Manchu women's flag shoes are commonly known as "flowerpot bottom shoes". The middle of the sole, that is, the arch of the foot, is embedded with wooden boards more than 3 inches thick, wrapped in fine white cloth, and often decorated with embroidery where the wooden boards can't keep up with the ground. The flag shoes at the bottom of the flowerpot can make Manchu women look tall and graceful. Old women and working women wear flag shoes with flat wood, which are called flat embroidered shoes.

3. Characteristics of residential buildings

Manchu folk houses fully reflect the selectivity and adaptability of folk customs to geographical environment. Most Manchu people live in mountainous areas, so keeping out the cold is the first practical problem to be considered in Manchu dwellings.

In the early Qing Dynasty, the economy and culture were relatively backward and the living conditions were simple. I live in Dikezi in winter and Majiazi in summer. With the development of economy and culture and the exchange and study with various nationalities, Manchu people gradually formed their own living customs.

"Pocket room, word health" vividly describes the main characteristics of Manchu living room. Manchu houses are mostly three or five rooms, and the doors open on the east side or the second east side. The whole house looks like a pocket, so it is called "pocket room". There are ""-shaped adobe kang in the south, west and north of the house, which is called "Wan Zi Kang". Xikang is a little narrow, generally uninhabitable, and sundries are not allowed to be piled up. There is a shelf above, where Manchu people worship their ancestors. Nankang is warm and sunny, where the elders live, and Kang Bei is where the younger generation lives. In order to avoid the inconvenience in life, Manchu people have all kinds of soft partitions indoors, and some make two spaces from the kang surface to the beam with wooden boards. Some are just above the parallel side of the kang, and a long pole called "curtain pole" hangs from the roof, which is specially used to hang curtains and put them down at night to play a shielding role between the north and south kang.

Kang is the main heating equipment in Manchu dwellings, because it usually goes through the cooking stove, so it is always hot when boiling water to cook. Some people also build a flue under the indoor ground, which is called "fire ground" or "underground kang". In the particularly cold season, the underground kang can be burned to raise the indoor temperature.

Unlike the houses of the Han nationality, the chimneys of Manchu houses are not built on the roof, but "chimneys sit on the ground". The chimney is built on one side of the house, and there is a hole communicating with the kang. Sitting on the ground, the chimney can not only extend the length of indoor flue and improve the effectiveness of heating, but also the chimney of Manchu people has a large amount of fire and a wide column shape, which is more suitable for maintenance on the ground.

The climate in Northeast China is cold, and indoor daily activities are mostly carried out on the kang, so the indoor furnishings of Manchu people are relatively simple. There are generally no tables and chairs indoors, only kang tables, and some people have square tables, which are placed in front of the west kang with tea sets on them; There is a big cupboard for clothes on the kang, with bedding stacked on it. Invite guests to sit on the kang, where the whole family usually eats, reads and does needlework.

The doors and windows of Manchu dwellings also have their own characteristics. The outer door is a single wooden door, and the inner door is two doors with wooden bolts. The window is divided into two layers, and the window paper used to paste the window is as tough as leather, which is called "Korean paper". Sticking the window paper on the outside of the window can avoid sand accumulation in the window block on the one hand, and prevent the window paper from falling off due to uneven cold and heat on the other hand. After the curtain cloth is pasted, it should be oiled, which can not only increase the brightness of the room, but also make the curtain cloth durable. Therefore, "window paper pasted outside" has become a major feature of Manchu folk houses.

Although Manchu people were greatly influenced by Han culture after entering the customs, most residents in Northeast China, including Han people, were greatly influenced by Manchu folk houses in terms of the characteristics of their rooms. In remote rural areas, many people still use this kind of fire-proof house, but due to the continuous improvement of living standards, great changes have taken place in the interior furnishings.