Accounting standards for small business accounting subjects (understand the setting and application of accounting standards for small business accounting subjects)

Accounting standards for small enterprises refer to the accounting standards for small enterprises formulated according to the basic principles and provisions of accounting standards for business enterprises. The setting of accounting subjects in the accounting standards for small enterprises is relatively simple, but it is of great significance to the financial management and decision-making of small enterprises.

Accounting subject setting

Accounting subjects of accounting standards for small enterprises include six categories: assets, liabilities, owners' equity, costs, profits and losses, and others. The specific subjects are set as follows:

1. Assets: monetary funds, short-term investments, bills receivable, accounts receivable, prepayments, other receivables, inventories, long-term bond investments, long-term equity investments, fixed assets, accumulated depreciation, construction in progress, intangible assets, long-term deferred expenses and other long-term assets.

2. Liabilities: short-term loans, notes payable, accounts payable, accounts received in advance, other payables, salaries payable to employees, taxes payable, long-term loans, bonds payable and deferred income tax liabilities.

3. Owners' equity category: paid-in capital, capital reserve, surplus reserve and undistributed profit.

4. Cost category: production cost, manufacturing cost and labor cost.

5. Profit and loss category: main business income, main business cost, main business taxes and surcharges, other business income, other business costs, other business taxes and surcharges, non-operating income, non-operating expenses and income tax expenses.

6. Other categories: gains and losses of current assets to be processed and gains and losses of non-current assets to be processed.

Application method

In the process of using accounting standards for small businesses, the following application methods need to be followed:

1. Classify according to account settings: classify the financial information of enterprises according to the account settings in the Accounting Standards for Small Enterprises, so as to facilitate accounting treatment and financial analysis.

2. Follow the basic principles of accounting: in accounting treatment and financial analysis, we need to follow the basic principles of accounting, including monetary measurement, cost principle, revenue recognition principle, cost ratio principle and so on.

3. Pay attention to the choice of accounting policies: When using accounting standards for small enterprises, it is necessary to choose appropriate accounting policies according to the actual situation of enterprises, including valuation methods, depreciation methods, impairment reserves, etc.

4. Correctly handle the difficult problems in accounting: In the accounting of small enterprises, there are some difficult problems that need to be handled correctly, such as the cost calculation of inventory, the amortization of long-term prepaid expenses, and the confirmation of intangible assets.

final result

The setting of accounting subjects in the accounting standards for small enterprises is relatively simple, but it is of great significance to the financial management and decision-making of small enterprises. When using accounting standards for small enterprises, we should follow the basic principles of accounting, choose appropriate accounting policies and correctly handle difficult problems in accounting. Only by correctly applying the accounting standards for small enterprises can we better provide support and guarantee for the development of small enterprises.