Learn how Britain protects historic districts.

Britain is the first country in the world to establish an urban planning system. Although the legislative protection of cultural heritage is a little late, with the development of economy, culture and science and technology, the national heritage protection system is constantly improving.

The concept of "protected area" in Britain was formally put forward in the Livable City Ordinance of 1967 (also known as the Urban Civilization Law), which refers to an area with architectural artistic characteristics or historical value.

By 2005, there were 9,374 protected areas in England.

The planning and management of protected areas in Britain are mainly the responsibility of local planning and management departments.

197 1 Local administrative departments shall set up officials with special functions for protection.

Environmental protection officials are employed by local planning departments to provide special advice on environmental protection to * * * and the public.

Protection officials include architects, designers and urban planners. Their daily work can be divided into six parts: policy, planning, planning management, reconstruction, investigation and education.

In actual management, there are also national and local non-governmental organizations that have the right to intervene in legal procedures and intervene in construction activities in protected areas.

The most important authoritative organizations of national civil society are the Royal Institute of Architects and the Royal Institute of Planners. In addition, there are five organizations stipulated by the Ministry of Environment: Antiquities Society, British Archaeological Council, Ancient Architecture Protection Society, George Society and Victoria Society.

There are thousands of related NGOs in the local area.

The protection planning of protected areas in Britain consists of three levels of planning system.

The first level is the "local development framework", which determines the overall development framework, including sustainable development, heritage protection and public participation. The second level is the "regional action plan", which puts forward the planning framework and policy measures for some areas that have special changes or need protection; The third level is "supplementary planning text", which studies related issues including protected areas and clarifies the control of development.

The guiding part of this paper requires the building function, structure, appearance and ancillary facilities, which is an important tool for the planning and control of protected areas.

In Britain, the management of protected areas is mainly the responsibility of local authorities, especially local planning departments.

There are clear regulations on planning restrictions, development and approval of various buildings in the reserve.

Demolition of unregistered buildings in the protected area, alteration or demolition of registered buildings and their ancillary parts, change of facades of all buildings in the protected area, addition of buildings, commercial development, and change of land use nature or use nature all require certain procedures for approval; Construction activities under the control of a certain scale and area, especially minor changes to self-occupied houses, are allowed to be carried out without planning permission.

Detailed plans should be submitted in advance for new construction and reconstruction in this area.

* * * has the right to stop the project at any time and make suggestions, and the owner usually accepts the suggestions of the protection planning officials and makes some necessary modifications.

The application for reconstruction and expansion of registered buildings in protected areas is more stringent, and the planning department must inform the public and notify the designated local civil defense organizations before making a decision.

Within 2 1 day, the local authorities will inspect and listen to public opinions, and then make a decision on the application.

Detailed guidelines for the planning of protected areas have been formulated in all parts of Britain, which clearly stipulate various possible ways of using each building in the protected area, and stipulate the preferential policies that can be enjoyed by each way, as well as the application steps and consulting institutions of the owners.

The implementation of the protection of historical blocks in Britain has the following characteristics: the legal system is complete, and the Urban Civilization Law of 1967 gives local governments the power to delimit the whole protected area.

1974 urban civilization law establishes a compensation system, which enables the owners of historical buildings to obtain the same compensation funds as the expected industrial value.

1990 "planning (registered buildings and protected areas) law" not only gives the definition and legal procedures of registered buildings and protected areas, but also includes new development, demolition, improvement, public participation, property rights and financial assistance.

In addition, Britain has formulated a series of policy orientations, subsidy conditions and detailed policies to deepen the legal content.

Give full play to the role of non-governmental organizations in the protection of registered buildings in protected areas, and stipulate the participation of non-governmental organizations in legal procedures as one of the legal basis, so that the protection of cultural heritage is not only private and private, but also increases the power of the third party, emphasizing the "public * * * attribute" of cultural heritage, making the protection a veritable mass movement.

The participation of residents in the standardized formulation of detailed planning guidelines for protected areas is actually to transform professional planning documents and management regulations into management manuals that residents can easily understand.

Through this guide, residents can understand the preferential policies they may get because they own real estate in the reserve, as well as the responsibilities and obligations they need to bear.

This way not only improves the enthusiasm of residents to participate in the protection process, but also regulates the participation process.

(Wang) Editor: Cai Yi