Try to analyze the development of e-commerce needs to be further solved and describe the development prospects of e-commerce. Urgent~~Exam~~~

1. the lagging informationization of enterprises and the limitations of the network itself

The development of e-commerce in a country is related to its informationization construction level wash, although China's Internet infrastructure has been greatly improved, the network coverage area has been greatly improved, however, the network coverage is still low, our country to with the real realization of the popularization of the network information. The popularization of e-commerce still has a distance.

At present, it seems that for China's enterprises, the level of information technology relative to some developed countries is also in a backward state, most of the enterprises have a weak computer and network infrastructure and a lack of relevant professionals. The management of the enterprise has not really realized the informationization. Because, enterprise informatization construction consists of two parts: on the one hand, it is the infrastructure, i.e. computer, network, communication and other aspects of hardware and system software construction; on the other hand, it is the organization, management and application construction of information resources, i.e. the comprehensive utilization of information resources and the construction of application software system. At present, most of the enterprises in China only pay attention to the infrastructure construction, but ignored the comprehensive utilization of information resources, therefore, when the enterprise import e-commerce system process, due to the lack of organization, management of information resources and the application of the construction of this aspect of the basis, often make some enterprises in a dilemma.

In addition, many consumers have reflected that the actual goods are not the goods in the online fancy. What's going on here? Knight in a three-dimensional physical shrinkage of many into a flat picture of the process, the commodity itself some of the basic information will be lost, enter the computer is only part of the human choice of goods information, people can not get all the information from the Internet commodity, especially can not get the most distinctive intuitive impression of the commodity.

2. Security in e-commerce transactions

Security is a traditional but one of the most important problems to be solved in e-commerce. It has two main aspects: one is the security of infrastructure; rather, it is the protection of trade secrets and personal privacy. E-commerce to the development of the Internet as a platform, is bound to face message leakage, tampering, deception, repudiation and other kinds of security risks, in the open Internet how to safely conduct online transactions, online payment, online data transmission accuracy, and to ensure that the business secrets are not stolen, is particularly important for e-commerce.

Due to the virtual nature of the network, the authenticity of the current information, the legitimacy of customer identity, the integrity of the supporting information, the undeniability of the payment information, and the legitimacy of the entire online transaction are all chapterless and impossible to follow. Especially in security authentication and online payment there are still security problems! Not be able to completely eliminate people's suspicions! Serious constraints on the normal development of e-commerce. According to the China Internet Information Center in July 2009 statistical report, users believe that the current online transactions exist the biggest problem is that in addition to product quality, after-sales service and manufacturer credit can not be guaranteed, listed in the second place is that security is not guaranteed. Therefore, from the traditional way of transaction to the electronic way of transaction change, the security of e-commerce transactions will become the focus of attention.

3. The main legal problems faced in e-commerce

The legal problems involved in e-commerce in China are, first of all, the legal problems of electronic contracts. Electronic contract is digital, fundamentally different from the traditional written contract, which makes the determination of the validity of electronic contracts and the operation of the problem has become very complex. China's e-commerce development only in the "Chinese people's *** and State Contract Law" (hereinafter referred to as the "Contract Law"), article 11 on the written form, including "data messages" and article 33 on the parties to the use of data messages to conclude the contract can be "required to sign a confirmation" provisions. The Contract Law also provides in Article 16 of the Contract Law that the form of writing includes "data messages". In addition, Articles 16 and 26 of the Contract Law provide for the time of entry into force of an electronic contract, the time of entry into force of a promise and the place of formation of a contract, but with these points alone, electronic contracts are still not operational. In order to solve the legal problems of e-contracts, the relevant departments of the central government and local authorities have promulgated some laws and regulations. This is certainly an exploration of the legal issues of e-contracts and attempts, however, the law out of many doors, is bound to conflict with the boundless and free nature of e-commerce, and ultimately hinder the development of e-commerce.

Secondly, there is the issue of intellectual property rights. The intangibility of e-commerce makes the protection of intellectual property rights more difficult. We have long been familiar with the copyright authorization behavior and it is easy to identify, for example, without the consent of the copyright holder, for the purpose of profit, piracy of the copyright holder's works or theft of film and television works. However, there are no clear legal provisions on publishing or reproducing other people's works on the Internet. A prominent example is that some websites, for their own business purposes, publish the works of authors on the Internet without the consent of the authors, while other Internet users have already created economic benefits for the website by accessing these works on the website. For the website has actually made a profit, but for the author of the work, the Qi copyright has been violated.

4. Logistics bottlenecks

In the development of e-commerce, logistics, information flow and capital flow has always been throughout the process, with the rise and development of online means of payment, capital flow and information flow can be processed through computers and network communication equipment to achieve, should no longer be an obstacle to the development of e-commerce, and logistics in addition to a small number of commodities and services can be realized through network transmission Distribution, most of the goods and services still need to go through the traditional logistics transportation and distribution. At present, China's e-commerce is plagued by logistics and distribution problems are: First of all, there is a lack of correct and sufficient understanding of logistics and distribution. People pay attention to e-commerce at the same time, but the importance of e-commerce-oriented logistics and distribution system for the city is not high, thus appearing logistics and distribution system backward, can not be benign combination with e-commerce, restricting e-commerce fast, efficient and convenient advantage of the play.

Secondly, there is still a lack of e-commerce logistics talents in China. Foreign logistics and distribution of education and training system is very developed, many universities and research institutes to open logistics management, part of the institutions set up postgraduate logistics courses, and in the community to carry out a comprehensive logistics and distribution of vocational education. In contrast, China's education in logistics and distribution is still very backward, in the higher education institutions to open logistics specialties and courses less, graduate level education has just begun, vocational education is poor.

Once again, logistics and distribution efficiency is low, logistics equipment standardization is low. At present, most of China's logistics and distribution enterprises are in the traditional business mechanism on the development of logistics services remain in warehousing, transportation layer above, able to provide comprehensive services logistics and distribution enterprises are still very few. At the same time, transportation, warehousing modernization level is low, the development of logistics distribution center construction is slow, the level of specialized operations is not high, resulting in low efficiency of logistics distribution.

5. Social credit environment is not sound

E-commerce transactions, the two sides of the transaction do not meet, the credit problem is particularly important. At present, whether enterprises or individuals, China has not generally established a sound credit system, social credit is generally low, cash transactions are still dominant, the buyer is concerned about whether the payment can receive the goods or whether to receive satisfactory goods, the seller is concerned about whether the shipment can be received on schedule as much as the amount of money. Mistrust between the two sides of the transaction is the main reason why many online transactions can not be finalized. Although China's commercial banks to increase the issuance of credit cards, some organizations have begun to establish credit season and integrity of the company to try, but the establishment of a credit society is a long process, so the credit problem in a fairly long period of time will also make the constraints on the development of e-commerce the biggest obstacle.

Development prospects:

(a) E-commerce will be gradually integrated with enterprise informatization

At present, most of the domestic e-commerce textbooks understand e-commerce as "online trading", i.e., e-commerce in the narrow sense. Many experts and scholars in the field of e-commerce to the "enterprise informatization" and "e-commerce" to understand separately. In the author's opinion, compared with foreign enterprises, the degree of informatization of domestic enterprises is generally low, and the promotion and advancement of "e-commerce in the broad sense" is more in line with the reality in China. In the narrow sense of e-commerce, there are generally the following types: First, the traditional commercial enterprises to establish their own websites and sell goods, mostly for individual users, belonging to the B2C e-commerce; Second, the network companies to open e-commerce sites, as suppliers and consumers, individuals or intermediaries between enterprises, some belong to the B2C e-commerce, some belong to the B2B e-commerce, and some belong to the C2C e-commerce; three is the production enterprises to set up their own Web site, online procurement of raw materials and product sales, mostly belong to the B2B e-commerce; four is a service-oriented e-commerce, that is, online trading is not a product, but a service, such as for enterprises or individuals to provide specific information to help businesses or individuals to publish specific information, online distance learning for a fee, and so on. The CPC Central Committee and the State Council proposed to take the road of "new industrialization" and to drive industrialization by informationization. Many enterprises in China are manufacturing enterprises, they are the main body to create social wealth. From a broad perspective, manufacturing enterprises in the online sales of products itself belongs to the narrow category of e-commerce. Even trade enterprises, in addition to online transactions in the foreground, but also in the background using a variety of information systems (such as MIS, ERP, CRM, SCM) to improve business management. Visible, "enterprise information" and "e-commerce" is closely related, they will gradually integrate.

(ii) regional e-commerce will gradually enter the good

Previously, the discussion of e-commerce development, mostly from the B2C, B2B, C2C, these different types of e-commerce, or from the retail, textile, tobacco, and other different industries to discuss. With the continuous development of regional informatization (including city informatization), and the role of informatization in the process of regional development gradually appeared, regional e-commerce will become a hot topic, especially in the field of trade-oriented cities and regional economic and trade cooperation.

The e-commerce of small commodities accounts for a large proportion in quantity. Due to the immaturity of cross-regional long-distance logistics and distribution of small commodities in China, the vast majority of enterprises for online transactions after the distribution of goods is limited to customers within the urban area, such as Beijing, the city is generally limited to within the 5-ring. Of course, there are also cost and other issues. Therefore, online same-city transactions are the mainstream of B2C e-commerce. In addition, from the point of view of economies of scale, the urban public **** e-commerce platform for urban and rural residents in the city or region is a good form of promoting the development of urban e-commerce, which is conducive to improving the quality of life of the people in the city and their living standards.

From a more regional perspective, economic and trade cooperation is an important means of promoting regional economic development. For example, in order for European countries to better carry out economic and trade cooperation, the European Commission formulated the "on the internal market in a number of legal issues related to electronic commerce directive", clearly stated: "the purpose of this directive is to ensure the good functioning of the internal market, focusing on guaranteeing that the information and its services can be freely circulated between member states",. This provides a legal basis for achieving paperless regional trade. Domestically, in December 2004, representatives of the Joint Meeting of the Heads of Information Industry Departments (Bureaus) of the 9+2 Provinces and Regions of the Pan-Pearl River Delta Economic Circle (PPRD Economic Circle) deliberated on and passed the Framework of Ideas for Pan-PRD E-Commerce Co-operation and Development, stating that regional cooperation would be carried out in the field of e-commerce. The Bohai Rim and Yangtze River Delta regions are also taking active actions. It is foreseeable that in the information age, carrying out regional e-commerce will become an effective way to promote regional economy.

(C) e-commerce and e-government will trigger a combination of new business opportunities

Since 1993, the former U.S. Vice President Al Gore in the U.S. National Competitiveness Review for the first time in the United States to "carry out e-government, reorganization of the U.S. Government" since the world-wide e-government construction of the boom and bust. In fact, e-government is an inevitable product of the integration of rapidly developing modern electronic information technology with administrative management and public **** services, and is a new mode of government work. Although due to e-commerce and e-government is very different from the two categories, but in some ways they are closely related.

First of all, from the technical realization point of view, e-commerce and e-government there are many similarities. For example, to carry out e-commerce and e-government, with the help of computer network technology, database technology, mobile communications technology, information security technology, government and business information systems from the software development point of view is almost the same, all to comply with the software engineering specifications and so on.

Secondly, in the administrative institutions, both the need for e-government, and the need for e-commerce. As far as the current system is concerned, administrative institutions or government departments are part of the semi-administrative or non-administrative affairs. Government institutions restructuring is the hot topic of the current political system reform, some government institutions will be gradually divested, to take the entrepreneurial mode of operation, they can not be separated from e-commerce. For those who continue to stay in the government sector of the institutions, due to both administrative and commercial affairs, e-commerce and e-government will be closely integrated.

Again, G2B e-government and B2G e-commerce are closely related. On the one hand, as the cell of the national economy, enterprises are the main supervision and service objects of the government; on the other hand, the government is also an important customer of enterprises.

Finally, public-private partnership has become the development trend of e-government construction. The number of visitors to government websites is very large, and it is feasible to conduct some commercial behavior in government websites, which can bring in some financial income. "Government host, enterprise investment" e-commerce service platform is also a better way to innovate, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises. Especially in small and medium-sized cities, the majority of small and medium-sized enterprises, local governments and private enterprises to cooperate in the establishment of e-commerce platform for the jurisdiction of business services, enterprises do not need to build their own websites, and is conducive to the formation of e-commerce platform scale effect.