Will burning straw definitely lead to smog? What is the reason for the serious smog in winter?

Many people will question what causes the frequent smog weather in northern cities. Local environmental protection departments have also explained that the severe smog weather in the north is due to the demand for central heating in winter, and the pollution caused by the centralized combustion of straw and heating coal is aggravated. Many people will seriously attribute the smog to burning straw, so the question is, will burning straw definitely lead to smog? Why do farmers always use straw for cooking, and how can it make the genius appear smog?

Will burning straw definitely lead to smog? After entering 1 1, Changchun, Shenyang and Harbin, the three capital cities in Northeast China, were hit by severe smog. At the press conference of relevant departments, experts said that the important reason for the recent smog is the increased pollution caused by centralized burning of straw and heating coal under unfavorable meteorological conditions.

In the past few days, severe haze weather has appeared in many parts of the country. During the autumn harvest, the air quality in Northeast China and North China was poor, and even many cities suffered from severe pollution.

According to the circular issued by the Ministry of Environmental Protection recently, the number of straw burning in the first half of June increased by 5438+00 compared with the same period of last year, which was almost the same as the large-scale smog.

Is straw burning really the chief culprit of smog in northern China? Is there a scientific basis for this "coincidence"165438+1Changchun suffered from severe haze on October 2 -3, which was the distribution of straw burning fire spots in the Northeast Plain on the 2nd?

And slow down the "condemnation" straw: what are the causes of smog when talking with data? What are the results of special weather conditions, local pollutant discharge and regional pollutant transport? The sources of pollutants mainly include natural sources and man-made sources. Motor vehicle exhaust, industrial production exhaust emissions, coal burning and dust are important sources of smog.

Different regions and cities have different sources and proportions of smog. The results released by Beijing Environmental Protection Bureau on 20 14 show that the regional transmission contribution of PM2.5 sources in Beijing accounts for about 28-36%, and the local pollution emission contribution accounts for about 64-72%. Among the local pollution contributions, motor vehicles, coal burning, industrial production and dust are the main sources, accounting for 3 1. 1%, PM2.5%, 18. 1% and 14.3% respectively, and catering, automobile repair and livestock and poultry.

Among the sources of PM2.5 in Shanghai, the regional impact accounts for 16%-36%, and the local pollution emission contribution accounts for 64%-84%. Among the local emission sources, mobile sources such as motor vehicles, ships, airplanes and off-road mobile machinery account for 29.2%, industrial production accounts for 28.9%, coal combustion accounts for 13.5%, dust emission accounts for 13.4%, and other sources such as agricultural production, biomass combustion, civil non-point sources and natural sources account for15. Among the mobile sources, the pollution emission contribution of motor vehicles accounts for more than 1/3.

Back to the straw discussion: What is the relationship between straw burning and smog? According to published sources, in China cities such as Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Ningbo, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, and in nine cities such as Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta, motor vehicles, dust, coal burning and industrial production are still one of the main causes of smog, that is, the main sources of atmospheric particulate pollution.

However, specific to the smog phenomenon in a certain area for a certain period of time, straw burning may become an important reason.

The contribution of biomass combustion such as straw to particulate matter has obvious periodicity and seasonality. The latest research results show that straw burning plays an important role in inducing the formation of autumn smog in Beijing.

Flammable substances such as lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose in straw are partially converted into carbon-containing particles during combustion. A large number of suspended particles in the air are beneficial to the formation of haze weather and provide rich condensation nuclei for the formation of fog droplets.

Smoke from straw burning = smog The smoke and smog from straw burning are different in composition. The smoke and dust produced by straw combustion mainly contains products produced by complete or incomplete combustion, among which elemental carbon, organic carbon and other carbon-containing components are the main ones.

In addition to gaseous and particulate pollutants directly discharged from various sources, the pollutants in smog are also pollutants formed by chemical reactions of these pollutants in the atmosphere.

In other words, the composition of pollutants in smog is more complicated. The smoke produced by straw burning has a bad influence on human health.

Behind repeated prohibitions: Why do we have to burn straw? Although straw burning has a long history, the history of large-scale burning of straw is not long. With the increase of crop yield in rural areas and the acceleration of large-scale agriculture, the production of straw has reached an unprecedented scale.

With the use of modern chemical fertilizers, the demand for straw compost in agriculture has greatly decreased, and the treatment of straw has become a big problem.

In addition, a large number of rural young and middle-aged laborers go out to work, and the labor force is in short supply during the autumn harvest. If the straw in the field is not treated in time, it will affect the sowing of autumn sowing crops such as wheat.

These have become the objective reasons for the repeated prohibition of large-scale burning of straw.

Besides burning, what can straw do at this stage? It is an indisputable fact that straw treatment is beneficial and the burning ban will be stronger. In the treatment technology of straw, we can refer to foreign advanced methods.

Denmark is the first country in the world to use straw to generate electricity. Its Albido power plant burns 6.5438+0.5 million tons of straw every year, which can meet the heating and electricity demand of hundreds of thousands of users.

In Japan, straw mixed with soil was reduced to fertilizer and fed to livestock as roughage, which basically realized the full utilization of straw 100%.

Straw is widely used in the United States, which can be used as feed, handmade products and so on. In some places, it is also used to build houses, and the whole bundle of straw is extruded with high strength to fill the walls of new houses. In addition, it can also solve the problems of straw refining and cellulose ethanol, which can be said to be a way out for comprehensive recycling of straw. ?

How do ordinary citizens scientifically deal with smog? Choose a mask to buy a formal and qualified mask, wear it at the same time, and buy a model that matches the size of your face. They should adhere to the skin to the maximum extent so that contaminated particles cannot enter. The mask cannot be washed. After you take it off, you should wait until it is dry before folding it, so as to prevent the breathing moisture from breeding bacteria on the mask. The elderly and patients with cardiovascular diseases should avoid wearing it, because it is a professional anti-virus aerosol mask with good sealing performance, and it is easy to breathe and feel dizzy after wearing it.

Try not to ride a bike when going out. Haze will temporarily reduce morning exercise. Try 10- 14 to go out. At the same time, drink more water, smoke less, stay away from "second-hand smoke" and reduce the burden on organs such as lungs and liver. People who are used to riding bicycles and electric cars to work or going out for business should try to avoid the morning and evening rush hours of traffic jams and try to transfer to buses. This is because many chemical components in automobile exhaust are not completely burned and will float with fine particles in the air. When you ride a bike or an electric car, your body needs oxygen, and your lungs will inhale a lot of air.

When you enter the room, there are three things you must do. The cleaning method is simple. Do three things well: wash your face, rinse your mouth and clear your nose. It is best to wash your face with warm water, which can effectively clean the smog particles attached to the skin; The purpose of gargling is to remove dirt attached to the mouth; The key is to clean the nasal cavity. When cleaning the nasal cavity, be sure to absorb water gently to avoid choking. When cleaning the child's nasal cavity, parents can repeatedly wash the clean cotton swab with water.

Wipe the house more, don't sweep it, because cleaning will produce dust, so keep a certain humidity. Using a humidifier, put a wet towel on the heater, which is easy to absorb fine dust. To clean the sheets, use a wet towel to sweep back and forth on the brush, so that a large amount of PM2.5 adsorbed on the bed will not fly around.

Patients should go out less in this weather. Reducing going out is the most effective way of self-protection, especially for patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and respiratory diseases. According to this study, when the fog concentration increases 103 μ g/m3, the excess death risk of all causes of death will increase by 2.29%, and the lag time will be 1-2 days after excluding the influencing factors such as age, sex, time effect and meteorological factors. The risk of excess death caused by cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is higher, which is 3.08%.

Enhance the baby's own resistance, supplement the baby with corresponding nutrients, and improve the baby's own resistance, especially the intake of high-quality probiotic strains. High-quality probiotics can optimize the baby's intestinal microecological environment, greatly increase the IgA content in the baby's body, activate the immune system, improve the phagocytic activity and significantly enhance the baby's own immunity. Babies can rely on their own resistance to prevent influenza, asthma, bronchitis, diarrhea, constipation and other hidden dangers and reduce risks.

Probiotics can also effectively resist bacterial virus infection, prevent respiratory tract infection and reduce the risk of repeated respiratory tract infections (bronchitis, pneumonia, smog, etc. caused by colds and fever). A large number of clinical studies have proved that probiotics have significant effects in protecting respiratory tract infections and enhancing immunity.

Try not to open the window in foggy days, and try not to open the window in foggy days; If you really need to open the window for ventilation, try to avoid the morning and evening smog peak hours when opening the window. You can open a crack in the window to prevent the wind from blowing in directly, and the ventilation time should be half an hour to one hour at a time. Residents who use air conditioning for heating should pay special attention to opening windows to ensure adequate indoor oxygen. The air is pervasive, and opening a crack can't stop PM2.5 It is recommended not to open the window. You can use a variety of green plants with relatively strong adsorption capacity on your balcony, terrace and indoors, and you can also use an air purifier, but you should pay attention to changing the filter element frequently.

Lily is the first choice to eat more foods that clear lung and moisten lung, which has the effects of moistening lung and relieving cough, nourishing yin and clearing heat, clearing heart and calming nerves; Lung-clearing food, such as carrot, pear, fungus, soybean milk, honey, grape, jujube, pomegranate, orange, sugarcane, pestle, lily, radish, water chestnut, tremella, etc. Eat more lung-nourishing food. When the weather is dry in winter, you can eat more radishes, water chestnuts, lilies, pears, almonds and barley porridge. To moisten the lungs, reduce qi and resolve phlegm.

Eat more food to protect mucosal tissue. Dark green vegetables and fruits are rich in beta carotene, which can effectively increase the defense ability of respiratory mucosa. In addition, beta carotene can be converted into vitamin A in human body, and it can also protect mucosal tissue.

To enhance the function of removing foreign bodies in the lungs, you can eat more foods such as tremella, rock sugar, lotus seeds and lotus root slices. Of course, auricularia auricula is also beneficial to the excretion of toxic substances in the human body.

Reduce skin exposure and do skin care. Try to wrap the exposed parts of the body before going out to reduce the exposure of the skin, because the particles in the smog may block the pores of the skin and cause discomfort. Remember to wash your nose and mouth and bare skin when you come back from outside.

Haze is harmful to human body. It has become the common sense of most people that the respiratory system has the most frequent contact with the external environment and the contact area is large. Hundreds of atmospheric particles can directly enter and attach to the upper and lower respiratory tract and lungs, most of which will be inhaled by the human body. Secondly, the haze weather weakens the surface ultraviolet rays, which easily increases the activity of bacteria in the air. Fine particles can "carry" bacteria and viruses deep into the respiratory system, causing infection.

There are many pollutants in the air in foggy days, and the air pressure is low, which is easy to induce acute attacks of cardiovascular diseases. When the fog is heavy, the water vapor content is very high, so it is not easy for people to sweat outdoors and during exercise, which leads to chest tightness and high blood pressure. Moreover, in foggy weather, the air pressure is relatively low, and people will feel irritable and their blood pressure will naturally rise. In addition, in foggy days, the temperature is often low. Some patients with hypertension and coronary heart disease suddenly go from warm indoor to cold outdoor, and blood vessels expand with heat and contract with cold, which will also increase blood pressure, leading to stroke and myocardial infarction.

The influence of smog on semen quality is mainly manifested in that inhalable substances in smog enter the blood circulation of human body in the later period and gradually accumulate in various organs of human body, including scrotum in semen factory. In addition, because the urogenital system is the fastest metabolizing tissue in the human body, when particles inhaled from outside enter the human blood circulation, the urogenital system will be affected first, which will cause some diseases of the urogenital system, such as renal failure, uremia, oligozoospermia, sperm malformation, prostatic hyperplasia and so on.

In addition, in the foggy weather, some symptoms such as allergies and colds are not easy to cure, and they are easy to relapse or aggravate the condition, so we must pay special attention. In terms of maintenance, you can wear a special protective mask when you go out. In areas with severe smog, go as little as possible and eat more food that can prevent and reduce smog.