China cultural composition 1000 words.

The Chinese nation has a long history and profound traditional culture, which is enough to make China people and overseas Chinese proud and is an important cohesion of the Chinese nation; On the other hand, China, which has fallen behind in modern times, is moving towards modernization. Although China people's ideas, thinking, behaviors and lifestyles are undergoing great changes, and China culture is also undergoing all-round transformation and development, this transformation and development itself started from tradition. As a cultural form, China traditional culture has its own cultural value and scientific value.

So what is culture? How to understand what is traditional culture?

The definition of "culture" is often "different people have different opinions". According to the statistics in "Culture: A Critical Survey of Concepts and Definitions" published by American culturists kroeber and Kluckhohn in 1952, scholars all over the world have defined culture more than 160. Etymologically speaking, in the west, the word "culture" comes from Latin culture, which means farming, training, education, development and respect. 187 1 year, British anthropologist edward tylor described culture in his book Primitive Culture: "Knowledge, belief, art, morality, law, habits, etc. are all abilities and habits acquired as members of society, which are collectively called culture." In Critique of Judgment, Kant said that "in a rational creature, the generation of the effectiveness of arbitrarily choosing the top purpose (and therefore according to his freely chosen purpose) is culture." Hegel's "culture is the process of educating people with absolute spiritual externalization, that is, the process of absolute spiritual self-knowledge." The Encyclopedia of Everything in Japanese primary schools (version 1974) states that "Japanese culture is civilized". The Encyclopedia of France (198 1 Edition) says: "Culture is the sum total of civilized phenomena unique to a social group."

In China, the word "culture" has existed since ancient times. The original meaning of "Wen" refers to the interlaced texture of various colors, which means decoration and article. "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" said: "Wen, wrong painting, like writing." Its extension includes all kinds of symbols, including language, cultural relics laws and regulations, etiquette system and so on. The original meaning of "Hua" is change, generation and creation. The so-called "all things are transformed" (under the Yi copula), its extended meaning is transformation, enlightenment, cultivation and so on. The parallel application of literature and culture was first seen in the Book of Changes, Bengua. Look at humanity and turn it into the world. " Liu Xiang of the Western Han Dynasty was the first to combine "culture" into one word. He wrote in "Talking about Martial Arts": "All martial arts flourished because they refused to accept it, and the culture did not change, and then they were punished." Jin Shu -xi's Mourning for the Death: Recreation says: "Culture is internal, and martial arts is external." In Wang Rong's Preface to Poems on March 3 Qushui in Southern Qi Dynasty, he said: "Set up spirits to reason with scenic customs, and apply culture flexibly." China's ancient concepts of "culture" basically belong to the category of spiritual civilization and often correspond to "force", "martial arts" and "barbarism". They contain positive idealism and reflect the "female" and "soft" aspects of the general plan of governing the country, which have both political content and ethical significance. Secondly, this word was largely used as a verb in ancient times, and it was a method and proposition to govern society. It opposes military conquest, but it is related to it and complements each other. The so-called "courtesy before soldiers" is a martial art. It should be noted that the word "culture" was not very popular in ancient China, and the word "culture" in the modern sense originated from Japan. Since modern times, people have discussed the concept of culture in many aspects. Liang Qichao said in "What is Culture", "Cultural people are valuable undertakings that can be released by people's hearts." Liang Shuming said in "The Essence of China Culture": "Culture is everything on which our life depends ... The original meaning of culture should be all-encompassing, including economy, politics and even everything." Pang Pu advocates grasping the connotation of cultural concepts from three levels: material, system and psychology, in which "the material level of culture is the most superficial aesthetic taste, values, moral norms, religious beliefs and ways of thinking. , belonging to the deepest level; In between are various systems and theoretical systems. " In the early 1940s, when talking about the new-democratic culture, Mao Zedong proposed: "A certain culture is the ideological reflection of the politics and economy of a certain society. Modern Chinese Dictionary defines culture as "the sum of material wealth and spiritual wealth created by human beings in the process of social and historical development, especially spiritual wealth, such as literature, art, education and science. "

As can be seen from the above concept of "culture", in fact, the connotation of "culture" has broad and narrow meanings. Broadly speaking, culture is the sum total of human life, or as Mr. Liang Shuming said, it is a "model of human life", which includes spiritual life, material life and social life. Culture in a narrow sense is the spiritual creation activity of all people, and it is the sum of consciousness, concept, mentality and customs. Generally speaking, the concept of "culture" we use is culture in a narrow sense.

Master the characteristics of different cultural forms. For example, according to the different functions of culture, it can be divided into etiquette culture, enterprise culture, campus culture, food culture, clothing culture and so on; According to different cultural forms, it can be divided into material culture, institutional culture, behavioral culture and psychological culture; According to the different geographical environment, it can also be divided into western culture, eastern culture, China culture, American culture, marine culture, mainland culture and so on. From the historical evolution of culture, it can also be divided into primitive culture, ancient culture, modern culture, modern culture, postmodern culture and so on.

China has a long history and distinctive national characteristics. To explore traditional culture, we should first comprehensively examine the environment in which China culture came into being and evolved. China is located in the east of Asia, on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean, and the northwest goes deep into the interior of Asia. This is a country with two sea routes. China's traditional concept of "the world" consists of four summers and four foreigners. "All men are brothers within the four seas" in The Analects of Confucius Yan Yuan. In the traditional "Four Seas" range, it has a multi-ethnic and introverted cohesion, which has laid a pattern for the independent development of China culture. "The Book of Songs Xiaoya Beishan" wrote: "Under the world, is it the land of kings? Territory, is it a king? " "Biography of Clear Draft and Ceramic Art": "The whole country is full of joy." In the ancient history of China, successive dynasties have always regarded themselves as great powers and neglected the development of the oceans. In the Qing dynasty, they even implemented the policy of closing the country to the outside world, thus forming a semi-closed inland river culture. In ancient China, the east was an agricultural area and the northwest was mainly a nomadic area, which made farming culture and nomadic culture coexist and complement each other in the traditional culture of China. The eastern agricultural economy is dominant, which is the main economic basis for the survival and development of China's traditional culture. China's ancient traditional agricultural economy was dominant, which mainly emphasized "agriculture-oriented" and "emphasizing agriculture and restraining commerce", forming a brilliant agricultural civilization.

Culture itself is a dynamic concept and a historical development process. Therefore, culture is regional, national and epochal. Historically speaking, China culture includes not only traditional culture with a long history, but also modern culture with great changes in China cultural tradition. The traditional culture of China is the main part of China culture, and it is also a rich historical heritage that we inherited from our ancestors. It not only records the history of the emergence and evolution of the Chinese nation and China culture, but also permeates the blood of everyone in China as a way of thinking, values, codes of conduct and customs handed down from generation to generation, which restricts the behavior and way of thinking of China people today. China traditional culture is not simply equivalent to Confucian culture, nor is it Confucian culture.