Basic principles of MPLS

How MPLS works: MPLS is a label-based IP routing method.

These tags can be used to represent hop-by-hop or explicit routing, and indicate quality of service (QoS), VPNs, and other aspects that affect how a specific type of traffic (or a specific user's traffic) is transported on the network.

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MPLS uses simplified technology to complete the conversion between Layer 3 and Layer 2.

It can provide a tag for each IP data packet, encapsulate it with the IP data packet in a new MPLS data packet, thereby determining the transmission path and priority of the IP data packet, and the MPLS-compatible router will encapsulate the IP data packet.

Only the header mark of the MPLS data packet is read before forwarding according to the corresponding path. There is no need to read the IP address bits and other information in each IP data packet. Therefore, the switching and forwarding speed of data packets is greatly accelerated.

Current routing protocols select the shortest path between a specified source and destination, regardless of the link status such as bandwidth and load of the path. There is no explicit way to bypass links that lack security guarantees.

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Explicit routing provides the flexibility to choose a low-latency, secure path to transmit data.

The MPLS protocol implements the conversion of Layer 3 routing to Layer 2 switching.

MPLS can use a variety of Layer 2 protocols.

The MPLS working group has so far standardized the labels used on Frame Relay, ATM and PPP links, and IEEE802.3 LANs.