Briefly describe the advantages and disadvantages of commonly used test methods for antibody screening.

Immediate centrifugation saline test technique: It can be used to detect saline reactive antibodies that interfere with ABO stereotyping, but this method will detect antibodies that are not clinically significant and miss antibodies of IgG nature.

Low-ion media method: this method can be effectively used to detect irregular antibodies (IgG nature), the disadvantage of this method is that it is unable to exclude the interference of clinically insignificant antibodies.

Enzyme test (bromelain or papain): rarely used for antibody detection in pre-transfusion tests because enzyme methods destroy some red blood cell antigens such as M, N, S, Fya and Fyb, but enzyme techniques can enhance the detection of antibodies to the Rh and Kedd systems. It is mainly used for antibody identification of MNS system.

Low-ion polyglutamine technology: requires less test time (3 to 5 minutes) and has high method sensitivity, but because the reaction temperature is room temperature, it is not possible to exclude the interference of clinically non-significant antibodies (especially room-temperature saline-reactive antibodies).

Polyethylene Glycol-Indirect Anti-Anti-Anti-Human Tissue Method (PEG-IAT): PEG-IAT is a very sensitive and effective method for detecting antibodies, which can increase the intensity of the reaction, and at the same time, this method can effectively avoid the interference of clinically meaningless antibodies.