Introduction to the opera songs of Errentai

Introduction to the opera songs of Errentai

Traditional operas popular in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Shanxi, Shaanxi and northern Hebei. Also known as "two-person class". Because most of his plays are in the form of singing by two people at a time, they are called "two-person platform". In the long-term development process, Errenzhuan in different places gradually formed different artistic styles. With Hohhot, Inner Mongolia as the boundary, it is divided into east and west roads. The first names of the East Road duet are "Jump" and "Beat"; The Errentai on West Road was originally called "Mongolian Song", "Opera Art" and "Gadget". Shortly before the founding of the People's Republic of China, it was collectively called Errentai.

The development of history

There are two theories about the time and place of the formation of Errenzhuan: First, during the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty (1875- 1908), in Tumote Banner in western Inner Mongolia, on the basis of Mongolian songs and folk art, it absorbed the Han dance in the folk social fire and created a once ugly performance form of singing and dancing, which was named "Mongolian song"; First, it was developed from the meditation of Quyi in Xianfeng and Tongzhi periods of Qing Dynasty (185 1- 1874) combined with the dance movements such as "kicking stocks" in Yangko. After that, the refugees who fled from Shanxi spread to the west of Inner Mongolia and absorbed Mongolian songs to further grow.

The duet was originally just a form of costume performance for farmers to entertain themselves in their leisure time. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, professional class clubs began to appear in Tumote, Inner Mongolia, with five to seven students in each class. The repertoire is gradually enriched and the performance is becoming more and more perfect, and it begins to develop from performing aria to first-person narrator folk opera. During the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the professional clubs of East Road Errentai also appeared in Shangdu and other places on the border between Inner Mongolia and Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, and some teams had as many as a dozen people. At first, there was a division of transactions, except for nets and horns, all other transactions developed. The way of performance broke through the form of "capped drama", and many people played different roles on the same stage. At the same time, some plays have been added to Wushu. Music and singing have also been innovated. Most of them used to be dedicated to special songs. Later, according to the plot, with a variety of tunes. Some vocals are developing to the plate cavity type. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, there were no actresses in the East Road Errentai, but in the West Road Errentai, before the professional class club appeared, Tumote performed with the old artist Rong Shuangyang and his wife, the daughter of Yue stonemason Mei and Ding Tongtai. Until 1946, Ji accepted the female apprentice class and became the first generation of professional female artists in Errentai.

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Errenzhuan flourished, and professional performance groups and art schools were established in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hequ, Yanggao and Datong in Shanxi, Zhangbei, Guyuan, Shangyi and Kangbao in Hebei, Yulin and Fugu in Shaanxi. Today, there are five professional troupes in the west of Inner Mongolia alone, and 26 Qi Mu in Wulan, which is dominated by duet. In addition, there are many amateur theatrical troupes all over the country.

Artistic feature

In the early stage, the performance form of duet was relatively simple, with only one ugly character and simple costume. Props are only handkerchiefs, folding fans and overlord whip. Musical instrument accompaniment is only flute, four-Hu, dulcimer and four-tile (or bangzi). Most of the songs they sing are songs from May, April and December, such as Hongyun, Ten Brocades and Ten Pairs of Flowers. The figure of dancing is similar to that of yangko. Most people sing in the third person, the plot is simple, and there are few distinctive characters.

After the Republic of China, with the spread of duet, artists reformed and innovated duet in their performances, especially taking materials from folk songs and adapting them. For example, "Going West" was originally performed in the form of a duet in the second person, but it was adapted to be performed in the first person, adding plots and characters. With the enrichment of the performance content of Errentai, its music, performance and costumes have also been innovated. In the aspect of music singing, from the initial single song to the end, to the multi-song combination; Simple plate changes such as bright sound, adagio, running board and kneading board also appear in singing. In terms of performance, according to the different contents of the repertoire, a "hot song" (also known as "whip play") with songs and dances and a "hard-coded play" with songs and workers were formed. The dance programs of the duet include Dayuanchang, Half Moon, Gathering the Moon, Revolving Door of Wind, Inside and Outside of Los Angeles, Medicine Gourd, Sliding Door, Heaven and Earth Brand, Big Cross, Bee Pugua and so on. In addition, there is a dance movement called "flash" in Dan Jiao, that is, the right foot is different from the left leg, the arms are curved, and the body leans slightly and squats. Based on the dance steps of Yangko, it absorbs the image of China traditional opera "Lying Fish", which is rare in other operas. I used to have the habit of performing duets. Generally, a clown comes on stage to say "Guazui" (also known as "kg"), and "Guazui" is a ready-made joke of the third person, which is freely chosen by the singer. Then, through the way of asking and answering (called "door to door"), Dan Jiao was asked to take the lead in the main play. There are two forms of performance in drama. One is singing and dancing, commonly known as "hot songs" or "whip play", such as "playing money", which wins by lyric singing and dancing. When dancing, folding fans are the same as folding fans, and the overlord whip is the only ugliness. Sometimes, Shuang Bian is divided into three groups: upper, middle and lower. Dance like a dragon column, flying up and down. Handkerchiefs are specially used for carrying feet. In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, they absorbed the traditional skills of playing handkerchiefs, changed handkerchiefs into octagons, and developed into various "cutting hands". No matter what kind of singing and dancing, it turns from slow to fast, and then comes to an abrupt end after forming a climax. The other is a sitcom mainly based on singing, commonly known as "hard-coded drama". Some jump in and out performances, such as walking to the west exit, going down the mountain, cowherd, swinging target = _ blankgt swinging "and so on. This kind of drama performance is closer to life, but there are also some virtual exaggerated actions. Such as touching the temple, walking, opening and closing the door; Clowns, etc. Lyrics, digital boards, poems at the end of performances, and "cross talk" in Daobaili all pay attention to rhyme, which is different from Mandarin because it is completely a local dialect. It is divided into Middle East, FAW, Jiang Yang, Huidui, Youqiu, Sobo, Chuanban, Yan Qian, Modiao,. There are twelve ways to make a difference, such as making a difference, getting in and getting out (entering tone) and having fine print (villain Chen Er, Xiaoyan Qianer). The language is easy to understand and vivid, and metaphors are often used to form melody, aria and unique flavor. In terms of clothing, because the artist's economic conditions are slightly affluent, he added some clothes with better texture. Although the art of Errenzhuan has made great progress, as a drama, it needs to be further improved to improve its artistic expression.

business school

In the early days, there was only one ugliness in the business of Errentai. In Houdong Road, the Errentai developed Xiao Dan, Cai Dan, Lao Dan, Wadan, Xiao Sheng, Laosheng, Clown and Washeng. But Ugly and Dan are still the main singers. Ugliness is also called "piping", "ugliness" and "powder". Dan Jiao usually wears a rockhopper and a red coat and green skirt. The clown wears a felt hat, a black coat and colored trousers, and a toad or scorpion pattern on his nose. During the performance, they were laughing, singing and dancing.

Literature introduction

1. The traditional repertoire of Shanxi Errentai was compiled by Jia Deyi. Taiyuan: Beiyue Literature and Art Publishing House, 2000. -Page 477.

2. A table for two/Jia Deyi. -Taiyuan: Beiyue Literature and Art Publishing House, 1990.4. -272 pages.

3. Liu Duet Collection/Lu Arrangement. -Hohhot: Inner Mongolia People's Publishing House, 1987.9. -302 pages

4. Dance for Two/edited by Du. -Beijing: People's Music Press, 1984. -159.

5. Errentai/Xizi Street Rhyme Collection. -Hohhot: Inner Mongolia People's Publishing House, 1984. -139 page

6. Collection and arrangement of duet music/Li Shibin; Editor of Yulin District Cultural Bureau. -Xi 'an: Shaanxi People's Publishing House, 1983. 450 pages. -(Shaanxi Local Music Series)

7. China opera records. Editorial Board of Inner Mongolia Volume/China Opera Annals, China Opera Annals? Editor of Inner Mongolia Volume Editorial Committee. -Beijing: China ISBN Center, 1994. 640 pages.