Chinese ancient architecture courtyard introduction?

Ancient architecture refers to the historical significance of the ancient civil and public **** building as well as including the Republic of China period of the building, which the most famous residential ancient architecture is attributed to the courtyard building.

The courtyard, also known as the quadrangle, is a traditional Chinese Han-style buildings, the pattern of a courtyard built on all sides of the house, from the four sides of the courtyard in the center, so the name quadrangle.

Ancient Chinese architecture courtyard basic introduction:

The courtyard is the front of the triplex with a gatehouse to close the house. If the "mouth" is known as a courtyard; "day" is known as the second courtyard; "eye" is known as the third courtyard. Generally speaking, the mansion, the first into the door of the house, the second into the hall, the third or after the private room or boudoir, is the activities of women or dependents of the space, the general public shall not be allowed to enter, no wonder the ancients have a poem: "the courtyard deep deep". The deeper the courtyard, the more shall not peep its hall.

The courtyard has a history of at least 3,000 years, and there are many different types of courtyards throughout China, with the Beijing courtyard as the typical one. Often inhabited by extended families, they provide a relatively private courtyard space, and their architecture and layout reflect traditional Chinese hierarchies of honor and inferiority, as well as the principles of yin and yang and the five elements.

In modern times, the livability of the traditional courtyard has been challenged by changes in family structure and social attitudes. And in the process of urban planning, traditional siheyuan also faces the contradiction between preservation and development, with some siheyuan listed as cultural relics protection units, while others have been demolished.

The basic layout of an ancient Chinese siheyuan:

The formal siheyuan, with one house for one family, has a floor plan that can be large or small. The owner of the house can build it according to the size of the land area and the number of people in the house, so small that it can be only one entry, and so large that it can be up to three or four entries, and it can also be built as two siheyuan wide with a cross courtyard. For small ones, the rooms are 13; for those with one or two courtyards, the rooms are 25 to 40. The back wall of the compartments is a courtyard wall, and the corners are then brick walls. The large courtyards were surrounded from the outside by walls, which were high and had no windows to show their seclusion. In terms of the system, many royal palaces and temples were also designed and built according to the layout of the siheyuan.

The smallest courtyard, directly into the street door is the courtyard, with a central axis through the houses are single-storey, by the inverted seat room, the main room, the room surrounded by the courtyard, in which the north room for the main room, east and west of the house for the compartment, the south room door to the north, so it is known as the "inverted seat room". The courtyard is planted with flowers, fruits and trees for ornamental purposes.

The two-room courtyard is divided into the front yard and the back yard, which is also called the inner house. The front yard consists of a gate tower, inverted seat room, connecting the front and back of the yard is usually a hanging flower door, some relatively simple homes use the moon door, the back yard consists of east and west compartments, the main room, the corridor. Some two-room courtyards, such as Mao Dun's former residence in Beijing, do not have a hanging flower gate separating the front yard, but rather add a backyard after the main house, building a back room exclusively for women's families to live in.

The complete courtyard is three courtyards, the first courtyard is the narrow courtyard where the inverted house lives before the hanging flower gate, the second courtyard is composed of compartments, the main house, the corridor, the main house and the compartments can be added next to the ear room, and the third courtyard is the back of the main house, and the ear room in the east side of the main house is open to the door, which is connected to the second and third courtyards. In the whole courtyard, the elderly live in the north room (upper room), the center of the large living room (between the hall), the eldest son to live in the east room, the second son to live in the west room, the servants live in the reverse room, the daughter lives in the backyard, do not affect each other. This also reflects the influence of the traditional Chinese cultural philosophy of "male outside, female inside".

The four and five courtyards have more combinations and are usually of the "front hall and back bedroom" type. The first courtyard is the same as the third courtyard, the second courtyard is the external use of the hall and the east and west compartments, and then set up a hanging flower door, in the hall and between the door to form the third courtyard, after the hanging flower door for the main room and compartments where the fourth courtyard, is the main courtyard. If there is a back room, it forms the fifth courtyard. In some cases, a row of south rooms was built on the north side of the inverted house to form a four- or five-entry courtyard.

The maximum depth of a Beijing courtyard house is the distance between two hutongs, which is about 77 meters, and some of the more luxurious courtyards even have gardens and rockeries. Higher specification courtyard also has a toilet, these built-in toilets are generally arranged to the southwest corner, according to feng shui, the southwest for the "five ghosts of the land", built toilets can be used to suppress the white tiger, from a practical point of view, toilets are built in the southwest to adapt to the northwest - southeast wind direction, which prevents the spread of odors in the courtyard.

More about tender writing production, improve the winning rate, click the bottom of the customer service free consultation.