Clothing, Diet and Dwellings of Ethnic Minorities

Koreans have long lived in the northeast of China, which has beautiful scenery and rich products. Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture is the main inhabited area of Koreans, others are mainly concentrated in Jilin, Heilongjiang and Liaoning provinces, and there are also some scattered cities in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and the mainland, with a population of about 6.5438+0.9 million. Koreans have their own language and writing. Most Korean people are engaged in agricultural production, especially good at growing rice. Yanbian area is the main rice producing area in Northeast China. The Korean nationality in China is a minority gradually formed by some people who migrated from the Korean Peninsula to the northeast in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, and its culture has a deep origin with the Korean Peninsula culture. Therefore, Korean clothing is unique, showing the characteristics of simplicity, elegance and lightness. In fact, the development of Korean clothing has a certain historical origin. In the early days, Koreans mostly lived in remote mountain villages, and the raw materials of clothing were mainly linen and homespun. At the beginning of the 20th century, with the infiltration of capitalist economy and the input of modern culture, woven fabrics, silks and satins and other fabrics were introduced, and the colors of clothing became diversified.

White is the favorite color of Korean clothing, which symbolizes purity, kindness, nobility and sacredness. Therefore, Koreans have been called "white people" since ancient times, calling themselves "white compatriots". Korean national costumes can be divided into official clothes, casual clothes and so on. The structure of these clothes is unique. The straight line from the shoulder to the sleeve head of the coat is the same as the curve of the collar, hem and sleeve belly, which constitutes the combination of curve and straight line, without unnecessary decoration, and embodies the characteristics of the ancient "white man" robe.

Official clothes are the clothes of princes and nobles in past dynasties, which are different due to different official positions and positions, but the basic styles are basically the same. As its representative, the coronation suit is made of black satin, with colored dragons on the shoulders and fire, insects and Zong Yi painted on the cuffs. The dress is sewn with red silk, and the front of the dress has patterns of seaweed, pink rice and squid. "Algae takes its cleanliness, rice flour takes its nourishment, flounder takes its breath, and its evil is good". There is also the difference between men's logo and women's dress.

People's clothes are finely divided.

Korean men love to wear bloomers, mostly white, and Baki and Guke are two of them ("Baki" and "Guke" refer to traditional Korean clothes "pants" and "vest"). "Bucky" has big crotch legs, which are easy to wear on the ground. It is suitable for its habit of sitting cross-legged. The trouser legs are tied with ribbons to keep out the cold. Then there is "Guke", which is usually worn outside the coat of "Zegaoli", with satin on the surface and fur or cloth inside. It has three pockets and five buttons, which makes it look special. A man's coat is short, with a diagonal placket, wide sleeves, a slit on the left and no buttons. Ribbons are nailed to both sides of the front door placket and tied above the right door placket when dressing. They also like black or other colored coats (vests) with buttons on the back. Some also wear Taoist robes or Korean robes. Taoist robes used to be used by literati and Confucian scholars, but later they became dresses for men to go out. Robes can be worn as coats and can be divided into singles, clips and cotton. Wear a short coat or cotton wool coat in winter and bloomers in winter. This kind of trousers has a long and wide waist and large crotch and legs, so it is convenient to sit cross-legged on the kang. When wearing, the front part of the waistband is folded and tied with a belt, and the lower opening of the trouser leg is tied with a cloth belt.

Women's clothing is generally white, divided into "Zegaoli" and long skirt, which is the most traditional clothing in Korea. "Zegaoli" is the favorite shirt of Korean people. No buttons, tied with cloth. Women's sleeves, skirts and armpits are inlaid with colored satin edges, which are chic, beautiful and generous. Long skirt is the main dress of Korean women, which has long folds and can be divided into wrap skirt, tube skirt, long skirt, short skirt and apron. Young women and girls like to wear pleated vests.

A short skirt over the knee is convenient for work. With the development of textile industry, the colors of materials worn by women are more colorful. Only the traditional national style of short skirt and long skirt remains unchanged for a long time, because it conforms to the aesthetic psychology of Korean women and fully embodies their virtues of meekness, kindness, diligence and simplicity. Middle-aged and elderly women wear wrapped skirts and long skirts, and cotton (leather) vests in winter. Wrapped skirt is a kind of seamless skirt material, which consists of skirt waist, skirt hem and skirt band. Narrow on the top and wide on the bottom, the skirt is full and wide, and there are many fine pleats on the upper end of the skirt. The nepotism is hidden on both sides of the skirt waist and tied on the right waist side after being wrapped around the waist. Because this kind of skirt is very long, in order not to mop the floor when wearing it, one end of the skirt is usually lifted from the right and stuffed into lace. When wearing this skirt, you must wear a plain white petticoat underneath.

Korean children wear colorful tops, which are as bright as rainbows, making them more clever and lovely. Koreans always think that the rainbow is a symbol of light and beauty, so they like to make clothes for their children with seven-color silks and satins, in order to make them beautiful and happy. There are many theories about the origin of colorful clothes. Some think it is out of aesthetic psychology; Some think it is to ward off evil spirits; Others believe that in the past, Korean women were good at saving various colors of cloth to make clothes for their children and so on.

Boat shoes are unique to Koreans. Shoes look like a boat, with slightly upturned toe and made of artificial leather or rubber, which is soft and comfortable. Men's shoes are generally black, while women's shoes are mostly white, sky blue and green. In addition, there is a colorful top in Korean clothing, which is made of colored satin, symbolizing happiness and light. It is usually worn at parties and festivals. Koreans wore clogs and leather clogs in the early days, then sandals, Ma Xie and rubber shoes appeared, and now they usually wear rubber shoes or leather shoes.

Respondent: department injury-probation level 1 3-4 2 1:22

National costumes worn by ethnic minorities in China in daily life and festivals. Due to geographical environment, climate, customs, economy, culture and other reasons, the costumes of 55 ethnic minorities in China have formed different styles, which are colorful and have distinctive national characteristics.

Look at the pictures of chinese minority nationality costume. These two websites are good, with a large number and good clarity. They are also very lively. Just click on the picture to scroll to the next one for easy reading. /id06/A02/html/image 1 . html。

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On the costumes of China ethnic minorities;

Achang women wear full skirts and green cloth; Unmarried people wear pants and braid their hair. The man is dressed in black, holding a handkerchief (bag) and a long knife. Achang Dao is a kind of long Dao, which is deeply loved by people of all ethnic groups on the Yunnan-Myanmar border.

Bai women wear white coats, blue trousers, black and purple velvet vests, embroidered waist, flower heads and silver ornaments, and hundreds of pairs of shoes (embroidered shoes are upturned). The man is white trousers, black vest, embroidered bag with white cloth or blue cloth; Sheepskin shawls are usually worn in cold areas.

Bao 'an women wear turtlenecks, big-breasted tops, long vests with lace, hoods and double-beam shoes. The hijab is the headdress of Hui, Dongxiang, Salar and other ethnic groups, usually hanging to the waist, green before marriage, black after marriage and white for the elderly. Men wear cotton-padded jackets in winter and white shirts, black vests, white cloth hats and security knives in spring and summer. The security knife is hung on the left side of the waist, and the handle is embedded with the pattern of "Ten Scenes".

Brown women wear black or red and green striped skirts and tie big buns. Men wear collarless shirts, black trousers and black or white cloth.

Buyi women wear tops, trousers, embroidered waist or batik pleated dresses; Southern Guizhou wears traditional dry clothes. Dry wear is a suit of clothes and trousers, with lace on the skirt, neckline, sleeves and trouser legs. Men wear double-breasted clothes or big-breasted dresses, and blue or white checkered headscarves.

Koreans are still plain white and are called "white people". Women wear traditional skirt suits, which are expensive to wear. It's a short coat with small lantern sleeves, tied with a knot belt. The lower skirt is called Qima, which is a long skirt with high waist, and the girl is a unified skirt, which is wrapped after marriage; Pointed boat shoes. Men wear buttonless shirts, dark vests, bloomers (named Peggy) and a high hat with a lacquered brim.

Daur women wear blue robes, embroidered shoes, white socks and silver ornaments on their chests. Men wear turtle neck, leather boots (called Qikami) and white cloth heads. Wear colorful silk robes on holidays.

Women in Xishuangbanna, Dai nationality, are short skirts with narrow sleeves, uniform skirts and silver belts; Women in Dehong area wear large-breasted tops, trousers and small waists before marriage, and double-breasted tops and black skirts after marriage; In Xinping and Yuanjiang areas, women's blouses are often embroidered with silver tassels at the waist and skirt, so they are called "Huayao Dai". Men usually wear small sleeve tops and trousers with white or blue cloth heads. They are used to wearing blankets in cold weather.

De 'ang women wear double-breasted tops, striped dresses and rattan waist hoops. Men wear round neck, big-breasted clothes and baggy shorts and wrap their legs. Both men and women wrap their heads in white or black cloth, and men also decorate them with pompoms.

Dongxiang women wear big-breasted clothes, embroidered vests, trousers and hoods. Men wear robes, belts, knives, etc. Or wear double-breasted clothes and a black vest; Wear a black or white soft hat with a flat top.

Dong women wear sleeveless tops, wide-leg pants or pleated skirts and silver ornaments. The man is collarless shorts, trousers and Dong handkerchief (bandana). Dong Bu, self-spinning, self-weaving and self-dyeing, likes cyan, purple, white and blue.

Dulong people wear blankets: put a linen blanket over the clothes and copy it from the armpit to the chest (male left knot, female right knot). In addition, women wear headscarves and men wear machetes and quiver.

Russian women wear Blagi (dresses) or pleated skirts and colorful headscarves. Men wear white embroidered suits and pullovers.

The Oroqen people wear leather clothes: a large placket with two or four slits, leather edges of different colors at the collar, sleeves and placket, and floral patterns embroidered at the placket. In addition, women wear felt hats; Men wear scalp hats, leather pants and boots.

Ewenki women wear big lapel dresses or big chest dresses. Men are all dark blue robes, conical hats and leather boots. I am used to wearing animal fur clothes in winter.

Gaoshan women are generally double-breasted long-sleeved tops or large-breasted narrow-sleeved tops, all kinds of skirts, and black or red cloth covers. Men usually wear double-breasted long-sleeved shirts and vests of different lengths, and wear tunics or front skirts. Gaoshan people pay attention to decoration in festivals and wear beaded skirts.

Gelao women wear sleeveless robes with short front and long back, with embroidery; Wear three skirts, the middle section is red wool fabric, and the upper and lower sections are blue and white striped linen fabric; Wrap the bun, wrap three long handkerchiefs at the same time, and hang six ears at the back to decorate seashells; Wear pointed shoes. The man is a collarless pipa cardigan, trousers and a green cloth head.

Hani women wear collarless tops, silver brooches, trousers or skirts, corsets (with different colors to indicate unmarried and married), small hats and silver bubbles; Wear embroidered pointed shoes on holidays. Men wrap their heads in black or white cloth (feathers are inserted in festivals) and wear embroidered belts. It's still black, mostly self-woven and dyed cotton and linen.

Kazakh women wear dresses, embroidered vests, embroidered trousers, headscarves or white cloth, and add shawls. Tumak is a small round hat decorated with owl hair. Men wear lapel fur coats, without hanging clothes, inlaid with belts, knives and clover hats (triangular cloth headscarves in summer); Wear circles in spring and summer. ?????????????????????????????983

Hezhe people are used to making clothes with fish and animal skins, and wearing trousers and traditional robes in winter. Women's robes are similar to cheongsam, inlaid with shells, coins or bronze bells; A man's robe is worn on the right and slit at the front. In addition, women wear embroidered shoes or leather boots, and men wear cymbals. The cymbals are pleated cold boots with cloth cymbals and Ursula grass inside.

Hui women wear big-breasted jackets and headscarves. Men wear white double-breasted shirts, black vests and white or black round hats. Hui people scattered all over the country wear Han costumes.

Jinuo women wear seven-color patterned tops without collars and buttons, embroidered chests, short black and white skirts, and colored striped peaked hoods on white background. The man is a cotton shirt (collarless, double-breasted, buttonless, embroidered with sunflowers on the back), white cotton trousers, leggings and blue cloth. Both men and women wear earrings.

Jing women are collarless double-breasted tops, diamond-shaped bras, black trousers, cheongsam-style long white coats and hats. Men's knee-length narrow sleeve topless clothes, trousers and belts.

Jingpo women wear black tops, purple self-woven wool aprons, belts, leggings and various silver ornaments. Men wear black underwear or black trousers with a white background, embroidered on the head of white cloth and decorated with pompoms, with a long knife on their waist and a bag on their back.

Kirgiz women wear dresses, black vests and headscarves; Young people wear Red Velvet domes or big red otter fur hats with feathers or tassels. Men wear terry, embroidered T-shirts, corduroy pants, belts, left-handed knives, high-top rolled felt hats or ear protection hats.

Lahu women are long slit skirts (inlaid with colorful geometric patterns) and black cloth headscarves (more than 3m long, with the middle end hanging down to the waist). Men are collarless shirts, wide-leg pants, black headscarves or small hats (decorated with colored stripes).

Li women wear blue cardigans and knee-length embroidered skirts, and wear big earrings and other jewelry when dressing up. Men wear collarless double-breasted clothes, wrapped in Baotou, with pheasant tails, and some even wear earrings. Multi-purpose self-spinning, self-weaving and self-dyeing cotton and linen.

Wa women wear blouses, black vests, long pleated skirts, flower heads or Euler (beads made of red and white beads or shells); Young women wear white background (agate, seashells or silver coin strings on their chests). Men are all robes, knee-length pants, black buns, machetes and crossbows.

Barrow women wear short coats, sweaters and knee-length skirts, and their waists are hung into spherical white shells (wealth is marked by quantity); Wear a red shawl and a string of beads when dressing up. Men wear robes, wool felt pullover vests, wild cowhide, rattan helmets and bearskin rings.

Manchu women wear cheongsam and high heels (called flowerpot bottoms). Men wear arrow sleeves, open robes and tunics, and belts around their waists.

Maonan women wear large-breasted shirts, welted trousers and top cards. The top card flower is a kind of hat, which is woven with bamboo strips to create exquisite patterns. Men wear blue and cyan double-breasted clothes and trousers.

Memba people traditionally wear red robes and machetes. In addition, women wear white dresses, calfskin and colored beads around their necks. Men wear ochre belts and pull earrings. Ear stud is a mountain-shaped hat with a brown edge and orange, and there is a gap in the front eaves.

Mongolian men, women and children wear Mongolian robes in red, yellow, purple and dark blue. The traditional style is that the body is wide and the sleeves are long, and the hem is not open. The front and pendulum are decorated with inlays and colored ribbons. In addition, women wear red and blue headscarves, leather boots, crowns and silver ornaments when dressing up; Men wear red and yellow headscarves or blue, black and brown hats and high-heeled boots.

Miao women wear big-collared double-breasted tops, pleated skirts of different lengths and leg wraps, or use colorful headdresses as big-breasted tops, wide-leg pants and waist ties; Dressed in festive costumes, clothes are often decorated with embroidery, batik and other techniques, as well as various traditional silver ornaments, such as collars, bracelets and silver clothes (silver ornaments are nailed to clothes). Men wear shorts and trousers, or double-breasted linen robes and wool felt (with geometric patterns on them)

Mulao women wear big-breasted tops, trousers or skirts, and their waists (with geometric patterns on them). Men wear collarless pipa robes or Tang suits (similar to Han shirts, jackets and trousers). Still cyan.

Naxi women wear black, blue and white robes, vests, trousers, pleated aprons, seven-star sheepskin shawls (embroidered with the sun and the moon on the top and the seven-star pattern on the bottom, commonly known as "wearing a star and moon", symbolizing hard work), round gauze headscarves or blue headscarves; Ninglang and other places are blouses, pleated dresses, belts and blue and black cloth heads. The men wore big-breasted robes, sheepskin around their waists, sheepskin shawls and leg wraps.

Nu women wear vests and pleated skirts, and are used to piercing their ears with bamboo tubes, decorating their chests with corals and shells, and winding their heads, waists and ankles with rattan rings. In Gongshan area, linen is used as front and back skirts. The man wears long clothes and shorts, wrapped in Baotou, left waist machete and right shoulder bow and arrow.

Pumi women wear big-breasted dresses, pleated skirts, wide-colored belts, sheepskin, big buns and silver earrings. Men wear linen jackets, trousers, white sheepskin vests, leg wraps and waist knives.

The Qiang people traditionally wear leather jackets, that is, sheepskin vests with linen robes. In addition, women wear embroidered waist, hair bands, earrings, bracelets, silver medals and other ornaments, and embroidered shoes with pointed hooks. Men wrap buns, girdle belts and wrap their legs.

Salar women wear double-breasted clothes or long-breasted robes, flower vests, embroidered cloth shoes, cloth socks, covers and long earrings. Men are white double-breasted clothes, black vests and white or black flat-topped round hats; Wear fur coats or brown shoes (clothes made of wool) in winter.

She women wear long-breasted tops, shorts, leg wraps, red wool bundles and thin bamboo hats; Wear a silver hairpin with a feather crown when you get married. The man is a double-breasted shirt (big-breasted for the elderly) and trousers. I am used to using blue and green self-woven linen.

Shui women wear collarless cardigans, embroidered bibs, wrapped in Baotou (girls wear red hair bands) and silver jewelry. The man is a wide-sleeved collarless cardigan (youth cardigan) with a blue cloth head. It is blue and blue.

Tajik women wear collarless long-sleeved clothes and long skirts, or dresses, domed embroidered hats (decorated with Hou Lian) and white, yellow and red headscarves. The man is wearing a ring and a round black velvet hat. Both men and women are used to wearing wild sheepskin high boots and felt socks.

Tatar women wear dresses, dark vests, beaded flower hats, shawls and flower boots (embroidered with animal patterns). Men are embroidered white shirts, black vests or double-breasted robes, black trousers, embroidered or black hats and boots.

Turkish women wear lace robes (sleeves made of five-color cloth), lace vests, embroidered belts, handkerchiefs, wallets, wallets and small bells. The man is a small collar and big breasted robe, big crotch pants, black or red vest, leggings with black top and white bottom, and moire cloth shoes; Wear a white fur coat with a big collar in winter. Both men and women wear felt hats or top hats.

The traditional dress of Tujia women is a big sleeve left blouse and eight skirts, but now it is generally a right blouse, rimmed pants, blue cloth buns, embroidered shoes and silver ornaments. The man is a double-breasted or pipa-breasted blouse and shorts with a green cloth on his head. Multi-purpose creek cloth, hole cloth, that is, self-woven and self-spun blue earth cloth or linen cloth.

Wa women wear black collarless jackets, long skirts with black and red stripes, and ornaments on the head, neck, waist, arms and shin. The man is a collarless double-breasted coat, with red and black cloth heads and black and red tassels as earrings.

Uighur women wear Adelaide silk dresses, petticoats, dark embroidered vests and bright headscarves (old white scarves or big white headscarves). The man wears a ring (a square towel around his waist) and a big shirt. Men, women and children like to wear gabardine (four-ribbed embroidered hat), high-heeled boots (women with stockings inside) and overshoes.

Uzbek women wear quinak (wide pleated dress), various flowered hats and embroidered boots. Men wear Thorne (double-breasted robes, similar to loops and a square scarf around their waists), embroidered shirts, small flower hats, leather boots and shallow overshoes.

Xibe women wear robes (young people's robes are pleated like dresses), vests and fat pants (trouser legs). Men wear sleeves and long open dresses, or short coats and trousers. Xibo people in Northeast China wear the clothes of local Han people.

Yao women's dresses pay attention to embroidery and batik. They usually wear pipa lapels or big-breasted tops, trousers, short pleated skirts, leg wraps and various styles of headscarves, hats and silver ornaments. Men wear cardigan, trousers or knee-length shorts; Guangxi Nandan embroidered with white trousers and trousers; Guangxi Liannan area was wrapped in red cloth and inserted with pheasant tail. Use blue and green homespun.

The men, women and children in Liangshan, Yi people of all sizes, wear slippers (cloaks) made of white, gray and blue wool all the year round, with patterns on them and some dense long tassels at the lower end. Selva was first used in the Han and Jin dynasties; Keep out the wind and snow during the day and make quilts at night. In addition, women wear large-breasted tops (embroidered or hemmed), multi-section multi-color pleated skirts or trousers, waist-tied, tile-shaped square-headed handkerchiefs or green cloth buns; Yunnan girls wear cockscomb hats and silver bubbles, and wear embroidered clothes at competitions and flower arranging festivals. Men are dressed in double-breasted or double-breasted clothes, pleated trousers (the width of trousers varies, and the width is 1m), blue or blue cloth handkerchiefs (the slender conical "hero knot" protrudes at the right front), and big ear beads and silk tassels are worn on the left ear; Old people wear robes and eat melons.

Yugur women wear high-necked robes, red, purple and green belts, trumpet-shaped red tassels (unmarried women wear a circle of green beads), hang their heads, wear brooches and "life locks" and wear boots. There are three ribbon ornaments on the head to mark a woman's marriage, which are worn on the braids, one hanging on the chest and two hanging on the back, inlaid with silver, coral, agate, pearl shell and so on. The man is a robe with a high collar and left arrow sleeves, with a red and blue belt, a waist knife and a tobacco pouch, a round flat-topped white felt hat or hat, big earrings on the left ear and leather boots.

Tibetan robe is traditionally worn by Tibetans. It is a big robe with an open collar, a big right waist and a belt. It is made of fur and other fabrics. The sheepskin robe in pastoral areas can be used as a quilt without hanging on the robe surface. Women in rural areas wear sleeveless robes in summer and autumn; When men wear robes, they are used to wearing right sleeves for activities. Women's robes have long inner skirts and short sleeves, and the front is tied with a bandage (also called a bandage, an apron decorated with horizontal stripes); Wear boots. Men wear hats or fur hats. In addition, women in Shannan region of Tibet wear vests in summer, which are long vests without buttons and often black.

The traditional costumes of Zhuang women are big-breasted or oblique-breasted tops, pleated skirts or wide-leg pants.