What are the classical garden buildings in the north?

Garden color is an abstract modeling factor and one of the important visual elements that affect the spatial atmosphere, artistic conception and regional landscape characteristics. The classical garden buildings in the south and the north are different. What are the classical garden buildings in the north? Next, come with me to learn about the classical garden architecture in the north. Welcome to read!

Classical Garden Architecture in Northern China

Royal gardens refer to the gardens where emperors lived and entertained. In addition to the characteristics of classical gardens, royal gardens can also show the unique style of the north. Apart from the royal gardens, there are few Wang Fu gardens and some private gardens in the north. The garden style belongs to the northern garden school, which is in sharp contrast with the Jiangnan garden style and shows the artistic charm of classical gardens.

1. Royal Garden

2. Gan Long Garden

3. North Sea

4. Haopu River in Beihai

5. Beihai Jingzhai

6. Grace Garden

7. Yiyuan Harmony Park

8. Jingyi Garden (Xiangshan)

9. Jingyi Garden Building House

10. jingyiyuan Zhao temple

1 1. Yuanmingyuan

12. Yuan Shao

13. Gongwangfu Garden

14. Cherry Valley Garden (Guigu)

15. Regent's Palace Garden (former residence of Soong Ching Ling)

16. Fu Garden (former residence of Guo Moruo)

17. Beijing Guanyuan

18. Summer resort

19. Decafluorene Garden

20. Baotu Spring

2 1. Liu Quan (former residence of Bai Songling)

Some emperors in the royal gardens left their palaces to rest and play to deal with government affairs.

Several characteristics of royal gardens;

1. The scale is grand, the area is vast, the building is magnificent and magnificent, showing the imperial style: Qingyi Garden in Qing Dynasty covers an area of nearly 300 hectares.

2. The architectural style is colorful. Look at the South Bridge garden style, Hangzhou Su Causeway Sixth Bridge, Suzhou Stone Forest, Zhenjiang Pagoda and other scenery. I saw the magnificent Tibetan White Pagoda in Beihai, such as the towers and architectural structures of ethnic minorities, and even absorbed the Westernized Yuanmingyuan during the European Renaissance.

3. The fully functional Royal Garden deals with government affairs, birthday celebrations, theaters, houses, gardens, prayers and appreciation, hunting, and even setting up markets to facilitate business.

Beihai Park, an important classical garden type in Beijing Royal Gardens, is located in the capital area. It is an existing garden in the world. Royal gardens were built in Liao Dynasty and gradually improved in Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Now it has a history of 800 years. The royal gardens in Beihai are magnificent, the private gardens in Jiangnan are simple and elegant, and the temple gardens are solemn. It is called the precious cultural heritage of Chinese classical gardens.

The ancient royal gardens have a wide water surface and beautiful scenery, including lake pagodas, pavilions, stacked caves, pine and cypress, and Wonderland. There are only towering white pagodas, majestic palaces, Buddhist temples, exquisite quiet houses, painting academies, Haopujian and other garden buildings, a wide pond, the famous spring shadow of Qiongdao and rocky rockeries in many lakes, and 49 exquisite pavilion-style buildings with different shapes, namely Butuan City and Haopujian.

Characteristics of Classical Garden Buildings in Northern China

First of all, the pavilion building is complete.

Royal garden refers to the palace of the main emperor or the landscape architecture of the royal garden, which is characterized by its large scale. The basic requirement of gardens and buildings in Beihai Scenic Area is connection and combination. Scenic spots such as Tuancheng, Qilan Hall, Xifanjing and Kuaixuetang on the east, south, west and north slopes of Qiongdao are connected into one.

The shapes and styles of 49 pavilions in Beihai all reflect the characteristics of pavilion plane modeling. Round Pavilion, Mirror Orchid Pavilion, Mirror Fragrant Pavilion, Pavilion, Yiyuan Pavilion, Huiting Pavilion, etc. Four Corners Pavilion, Duoyun Pavilion, Luanying Pavilion, etc. Hexagonal Pavilion, Zhaoxian Pavilion, Polyester Pavilion, Pillow Pavilion, Miaoxiang Pavilion and Kunqiu Pavilion.

Three-dimensional modeling; Single-storey and double-storey pavilion roofs form pyramid-shaped roofs in Beihai.

One-eave or double-eave pavilion by the sea, pavilion spire, pavilion at the top of the mountain, pavilion hanging from the top of the mountain, flower pavilion.

Look at the building materials: architecture with royal charm, painted wooden structure, yellow tile and Zhu Dai, magnificent. Its beams, eaves, arches and caissons are all made of stone, so it is called unique.

Architectural style: the royal gardens in the north are dignified and heavy, rich and mysterious, and the private gardens in the south are exquisite and handsome. The original wooden column end of the green tile roof of Dongshan Pavilion between Haopu still retains the bark, which is elegant and ingenious in color.

The use of pavilions: the scenic spots in the park appreciate each other and compare with each other, making the viewing content more abundant. Colorful pavilions have the function of placing stone tablets, stone carvings and Buddha statues. Jade urn pavilion has the treasure of dushan jade sea jade carving, and has set up a wonderful memorial tablet and carved Buddha statues. The introduction of historical scenic spots around Beihai enriches the content. Because some pavilions have changed their spirits, they have played a role in brightening the clouds and supporting the moon and enriching the garden landscape.

Second, the inner surface of the royal garden embodies the characteristics of imperial power.

The royal garden in feudal society with strict hierarchy enjoys the color style of the royal garden with red columns and yellow tiles, resplendent and magnificent, carved beams and painted buildings and strong colors. The use of glazed tile works. Glazed tiles are only bright, durable and rich in the decoration of royal gardens. The theme of yellow, green and blue-the royal exclusive and distinguished colored glazed tiles of Xiting and Wulongting, embody the symbolic characteristics of imperial power. Some pavilions use yellow-green glazed tiles, and blue-green tones are painted on the eaves to enhance the cold-warm ratio of colors and increase the three-dimensional sense of colors.

The pavilion's vertical ridge is decorated with kissing animals and auspicious animals. All parts of the building are beautifully decorated, and the symbol of power and privilege is especially enhanced by yellow glazed auspicious animals. In Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was stipulated that the auspicious beasts with vertical ridges rode on the wind fairy in order: dragon, wind, company, seahorse, horse, fish, lion, lion and bullfight were built on nine pavilions in the Western Paradise. The vertical ridges of pavilions show the height of buildings and the majesty and sacredness of imperial power. Long Ting is located in the center of the five pavilions, with a pyramid roof and double eaves. There is a huge space to place the imperial power. The top of the algae well is covered with dragon cards, and eight dragons around the magnificent circular algae well lie down and look down. The golden periphery of the Dragon Formation consists of two circles of blue-green painted dragon patterns, dozens of algae wells and Huanglong, and several vertical fences are made of gold.

Third, the perfect combination of scenic spots, sightseeing and borrowing scenery

The garden pavilion itself has a beautiful scenic spot, and the scenic spots echo each other. Some buildings can enjoy the scenery, while others mainly enjoy the scenery. The former mainly meets the ornamental demand, while the pillow pavilion on the north bank of Wulong Pavilion mainly meets the ornamental demand. The perfect combination of planting and viewing is a model of building Wulong Pavilion between Jiajing and Jiajing in Ming Dynasty. The white marble fence between the five pavilions is connected by a curved bridge. It twists and turns across the water, and columns are arranged on the north bank of the Tai liquid pool and pavilion. Window frames and balustrade viewing frames are excellent choices for viewing scenic spots and enjoying Qionghua Island. The rugged balcony pavilion and towering white tower are overlooking the cluster of Jingshan Mountain, embracing the beautiful curve of Wanchun Pavilion. Qionghua Island stands at the top of the mountain, overlooking a row of Youlong on the north bank, just like Wulong Pavilion. Several groups of garden buildings are extremely beautiful. The painted cloth seat is suspected of leaning against the railing. What are the different mirror tours?

Jingzhai pillow pavilion uses the uneven plane of undulating buildings to get the same landscape effect. Looking around, the pillow pavilion in the northwest corner of Zhaiqing Hall and the surrounding overlapping brothels, verandahs and rockeries form a beautiful picture. Emperor Qianlong praised Lianduo Zhugong Station, overlooking the colorful scenery of Jingzhai East Scenic Area, and achieved the same effect as Wulong Pavilion.

Four, temples and landscape architecture art style bridge

During the Qing Dynasty, the imperial court advocated the construction of temples such as Ai 'an Temple, Xifanjing and Zhanfo Temple in Beihai. Some temples overlap in order, while others are arranged in strict order. Royal gardens are an important part of landscape and balanced layout. Some pavilions incorporate a balanced garden art style, and the south slope of Qionghua Island in Anji matches the mountain shape. Tibetan Buddhist temples with high and low buildings are arranged in strict accordance with the axis, attracting pavilions, washing pavilions, Kunlun stone and Yueyunshi. The stone rockeries and caves in Taihu Lake are symmetrically arranged on the east and west sides, and the temples are symmetrically arranged. Some bamboo groves are beautifully shaped, and exquisite pavilions add aura to serious temple buildings. The buildings such as Penghu Shengting and Yuedian in the west of Anji adopt a staggered layout, while the temples such as Guang Lin Temple, Kanroji and Shuijingyu in the west of Qionghua Island are located on the same axis, with neat layout and pavilions close to the misty clouds. Miaohao Yunfeng Pavilion, with the reading of Gu Lou Jian Mu Room and the patchwork layout, neatly integrates the temple garden into the royal garden, which not only maintains the royal family.

V. Carrier of Poetry, Books, Paintings, Scenery and Artistic Conception

Emperor Qianlong was good at poetry and painting in books and had high artistic appreciation ability. He is outspoken about mountains and rivers, and he can forget the garden. From Qianlong to Beihai, he was very interested in gardening and spent a lot of money on gardening. There are 38 pavilions in Beihai, with scenic spots built, pavilions named, pavilions written and poems inscribed.

Taihu Stone in the northwest corner of JingLanting not only adorns the rich scenery of Tuancheng, but also plays a role in adding flowers to the North Sea landscape. It overlooks the scenery of Qiongdao, and Yutai Pool has excellent scenery, so it is called Duoyun Pavilion. If you go deep into Xu Ruo, you can really see that Ji Hui Weiwei is still flying to Qiongdao. The sound of spring wins the pavilion, and the Qianlong in the pavilion is written in Chinese, Manchu, Mongolian and Tibetan. The inscriptions on the four sides of Tashan Mountain record the general situation and evolution of Baita Mountain in Beihai.

Yi Yunting and Yuan Ting called on each other to build a steep platform. Clouds are fluttering, water vapor rushes to bend the fence, two peaks are few, and the beauty of smoke and waves will be praised, and the garden scenery will be seen from the secret pavilion. These pavilions are made of stone pillars, Liang Shi and foreheads. Twenty-six stone pavilions engraved with Qianlong imperial seven-character poems are located around the pool, with elegant environment and very interesting. Fan-shaped pavilion is as concave as Chinese character wind, and the pavilion looks like a folding fan. The building is ingenious, and the bluestone surface in front of the pavilion looks like a folding fan skeleton.

Bixian Pavilion Jingzhai Pavilion is adjacent to the Nanshan window of Qinyunzhai, sitting in the inner window of Qinyunzhai, overlooking the scenery of Dashuitan and Qiongdao in the south. The Seven Pagodas Pavilion is an important building of Xici Baozhen Hall, with heavy eaves, pointed copper, gold-plated, yellow glazed tiles and green glazed tiles, and edging. The roof pavilion has an octagonal stone pagoda engraved with the title of the first seven buddha and the dragon. There is an inscription on Miaoxiang Pavilion on the Seven Pagodas, and the Buddha Pavilion is supported by 48 columns. In the Tang Dynasty, Guan Xiu's sixteen stone pagodas were engraved with

The overall scenery of Beihai Pavilion is dignified and elegant, light and beautiful, and the flying posture is in harmony with the overall garden, which is in harmony with the surrounding environment. Wherever we go, the landscape of Beihai Garden is complete, and the pavilion looks like a delicate seal, which is printed into a perfect picture.

Gardens: Northern Royal Gardens embody the essence of all kinds of gardens at home and abroad. Beijing gardens represent the representatives of the royal gardens. It is customary to say that the Northern Royal Gardens Beijing Gardens are grand in scale and momentum, and belong to the imperial palace. The architectural objects in the garden are magnificent and magnificent, and the layout of the anteroom and the temple in the whole garden shows the supreme power of the feudal emperor in the form of axis symmetry. Beijing gardens are the essence of all kinds of gardens and landscape poems in fairview park and abroad. Landscape painting depicts the self-love and dreamland of Xianju. The transplanted children are built in royal gardens, and the royal gardens such as Sanhai, Yuanmingyuan and Qingyi Garden all have their own characteristics. Yuanmingyuan,/kloc-a famous writer in the 9th century, praised Zeng Shao and said, "Where are the people?" Almost magical people can imagine creating the Summer Palace, the capital of cars. The scope of Beijing gardens is flat, and the artistic characteristics of Beijing gardens are self-coordinated, avoiding rigidity and stagnation, digging lakes and piling up mountains.

Brief introduction of northern classical gardens

Chengde mountain resort, Hebei

The Summer Palace, also known as Chengde Palace or Rehe Palace, is located in Chengde City, Hebei Province, with an area of 5.64 million square meters and a wall circumference of about 20 miles. Built in 1703- 1790. It is the largest royal garden in China, with an area nearly twice that of the Summer Palace, and consists of palace areas and garden scenic spots. There are four groups of buildings in the palace area: Gong Zheng, Songhezhai, Wanhe, Song Feng and Dongfang, with strict layout and simple architecture. The essence of garden scenic spots is basically in the lake area. Most of the scenic buildings in the lake area are modeled after the scenic spots in the south of the Yangtze River, which concentrates the essence of ancient north-south garden art. The Waiba Temple combines the architectural forms of Han, Mongolian, Tibetan and other ethnic groups, such as the starry arches around the east and north sides of the villa. The strange peaks and rocks distributed in the mountains, such as Hammer Peak, Twin Towers Mountain and Luohan Mountain, are in harmony with villa buildings, integrating the beauty of humanity with the beauty of nature. The summer resort has been included in the world cultural heritage.

Xi Anhua Qingchi

Huaqingchi, located at the northern foot of Lishan Mountain in the south of Lintong County, Xi, has a long history and can be called the oldest existing garden in China. According to legend, the Li Palace was built here three thousand years ago. When Qin Shihuang built it with stone, it was called "Lishan Hall". Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty expanded out of the palace; In the eighteenth year of Emperor Taizong's Zhenguan (AD 644) and the sixth year of Emperor Xuanzong's Tianbao (AD 747), the Tang well was expanded twice, and it was made into a pool surrounded by mountains and waters. Luocheng was built around the palace and renamed as "Huaqing Pool". The famous poet Bai Juyi left a famous sentence "It was early spring". They let her bathe in a pure pool, which warmed and smoothed her milky crystal skin. This is a sentence in Song of Eternal Sorrow. In the ruins of Huaqing Palace in Tang Dynasty, the only existing Royal Tangchi community in China and the earliest Royal Academy of Art in China were excavated. There are also Tang Yutang Ruins Museum and Tang Liyuan Art Exhibition Hall on the ruins, which show the 6,000-year bathing history and 3,000-year royal garden history of Huaqing Palace with detailed cultural relics. From 65438 to 0998, Huaqingchi was ranked among the "Top 100 Famous Gardens in China".

Shandong Weifang No.15 Hospital

Shikuan Garden is located in Hujiapaifang Street, Weifang City, Shandong Province, in the north of the old city. This garden used to be the residence of the squire in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the 11th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (AD 1885), it was purchased by Ding Shanbao and converted into a private garden, which was called "Ding Jiayuan". Ding Shanshi loves painting, especially ancient gardens. Buildings, terraces, pavilions, study, etc. They are all built within only 2000 square meters, connected by winding bridges and cloisters, and dotted with fish ponds and rockeries, which are small and exquisite and symmetrical. There are 34 rockery ponds, winding bridges and cloisters, pavilions and study rooms in the park, with 67 rooms, which are compact and not crowded, integrating the beauty of China's north and south gardens. Although it is artificial, it looks like nature, and it is one of the exquisite gardens in northern China. Because Shishui Garden occupies a small area, people call it "Shishui Board". Cao Hongxun, the champion of the late Qing Dynasty, was named "Wanyuan".

Moushi Manor in Yantai, Shandong Province

Moushi Manor is located in the north of Qixia City, Shandong Province. It is the largest, most complete and typical feudal landlord manor in northern China. After the continuous expansion of Mou, the largest landlord in the north in the Qing Dynasty, and his descendants, it reached its present scale in the 24th year of the Republic of China (1935). The whole manor covers an area of more than 20,000 square meters, divided into three groups and six courtyards, with more than 480 halls, all built from front to back along their respective north-south central axes. The front hall, the main building, the small building, the north group room and the east and west wing rooms form four to six courtyards, surrounded by group frames or walls. The main buildings in the courtyard are mostly two-story buildings, plus the screen door and the east-west hatchback, forming a square quadrangle. These houses are made up of bay windows, and most of the structures are painted. The relief pattern is lifelike, and the ridge arch is lifelike. It concentrates the outstanding achievements of folk architecture in northern China in architectural history, has high artistic value and historical and cultural connotation, and is a national key cultural relics protection unit.

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