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Kunqu, also known as "Kunqiang" or "Kun Opera", is an ancient opera genre. It originated in Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, and began to flourish after the middle of the Ming Dynasty, when most of the legendary plays were sung in Kunqu. In addition to Southern Kunqu, which maintains the characteristics of early Kunqu, many branches have been formed throughout the country, such as Kunyi, Xiangkun and Chuankun in the north. The style of Kunqu is clear, soft, delicate and lyrical, and the performances are full of songs and dances and strict programs, which are representative of Chinese classical opera.

2. Gaoqiang

Gaoqiang is a general term for a kind of vocal system of opera. It was originally known as "Yiyang Cavity" or "Eagle Cavity" because it originated in Yiyang, Jiangxi Province. It is characterized by simple performances, popular lyrics, high-pitched and exciting singing, a person singing and all the people, and only using golden drums to beat the rhythm, without orchestral accompaniment. Since the middle of the Ming Dynasty, it began to spread from Jiangxi to all parts of the country, and formed different styles of Gaoqiang everywhere, such as Sichuan Opera Gaoqiang, Xiang Opera Gaoqiang, Gan Opera Gaoqiang and so on.

3. Bangkang Cavity

Bangkang Cavity is a general name for a kind of vocal system of opera. It originated from the "Shan-Shaanxi Opera" at the junction of Shanxi and Shaanxi, characterized by high-pitched and exciting singing, with wooden bangs hitting the knuckles. Then, it developed to the east and south, forming different forms of bangkang in different regions, such as Shanxi Bangkang, Hebei Bangkang, Henan Bangkang, Shandong Bangkang, etc.

4. Peking Opera

Peking Opera, also known as "Pihuang", consists of two basic cadences, "Xipi" and "Erhuang", which make up its musical material. It is composed of two basic tunes, "Xipi" and "Erhuang", and also sings a number of small local tunes (such as liuziqiang and blowing accent) and Kunqu opera songs. It was formed in Beijing around 1840 and flourished in the 1930s and 1940s, when it was known as the "National Opera". Nowadays, it is still a big opera with national influence. It is a representative of modern Chinese opera, with its comprehensive lineage, mature performances, and grandeur.

5. Evaluation Opera

Evaluation Opera, formed in the late Qing Dynasty on the basis of the small song "Counterpart Lotus Flower" in Luanxian County of Hebei Province, was first popular in the rural areas of Hebei Province, and then entered Tangshan, known as "Tangshan Lokzi", which became popular in the northeast region in the 1920s, with the emergence of a group of female performers. After the 1930s, under the influence of Peking Opera, Hebei Opera and other styles, the performance of Pingju Opera became more mature, with the emergence of schools such as Bai Yushang, Xi Cailian and Ailianjun, etc. After 1950, plays such as Liu Qiao'er, Flower as Matchmaker, Yang Sanjie's Complaint and Qin Xianglian had a great influence on the whole country, and famous performers such as Xin Fenghia, Bai Yushang Jr. and Wei Rongyuan appeared. Famous actors such as Xin Fengxia, Xiao Bai Yushang and Wei Rongyuan appeared. Nowadays, the opera is still popular in Hebei and Beijing.

6. Hebei Opera

Hebei Opera, popular in Hebei and Beijing, originated from Shan-Shan Opera at the junction of Shan and Shaanxi, and then spread to Hebei through Shanxi, where it was formed by combining the dialects of Hebei and Beijing. It maintains the characteristics of the clapper cavity with banging knuckles, and the singing voice is soaring and agitated that it is good at performing tragic plots. Famous plays of Hebei Opera include Butterfly Cup, Regulator Chopper and Du Shiniang.

7. Jin Opera

Jin Opera, also known as "Middle Road Opera", was developed in Shanxi by the Shan-Shaanxi Opera, which is located in the border of Shanxi and Shaanxi, and was formed by combining the characteristics of Shanxi language. It is now popular in central Shanxi, Inner Mongolia and Hebei. It maintains the characteristics of the clapper clapper with banging knuckles, and the music style is soft and delicate in addition to being high-pitched. The performances are popular and simple. Famous plays include "Playing the Golden Branch", "Small Feast" and "Selling Paintings and Splitting Doors".

8, Pu Opera

Pu Opera, also known as "Puzhou Bangkas", is developed by the Shan-Shaanxi Bangkas in the junction of Shanxi and Shaanxi, which is said to be the original Shan-Shaanxi Bangkas. It is now popular in the southwest of Shanxi and the area of Shaanxi and Henan, and is similar to Qinqiang in sound and Shaanxi dialect in language. Famous plays include Hanging Pictures, Killing Dogs, and Killing Stagecoaches.

9. Shangdang Bangkas

Shangdang Bangkas, one of the four major bangkas of Shanxi, was developed from the "Puzhou Bangkas" of southwestern Shanxi, and is popular in the Shangdang area of southeastern Shanxi. In addition to the clapper, it also sings Kunqu, Pihuang, and Luoluo cavities. The repertoire includes "Three Passes and a Banquet" and "East Gate Meeting".

10. Yan Opera

Yan Opera, also known as "North Road Opera", developed from "Puzhou Opera", is popular in the northern part of Shanxi Province, Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province and Inner Mongolia. It is said to have had a great influence on the formation of Hebei Opera. The repertoire includes "Blood Handprints" and "Jinshui Bridge".

11. Qinqiang

Qinqiang, a local opera in Shaanxi Province, also known as "Shaanxi Bangzi", is the earliest Bangzi opera, which was formed around the middle of the Ming Dynasty. The performance is rough and simple, the singing voice is high and exciting, and its voice is like a roar, which is good at expressing tragic plots. The repertoire includes Butterfly Cup, Turtle Mountain and Three Drops of Blood.

12, two-people stage

The two-people stage, popular in Inner Mongolia, Shanxi and Hebei Zhangjiakou area of the opera, formed on the basis of Inner Mongolia folk songs and Shanxi folk tunes, and later absorbed the performance of the Jin Opera elements and gradually mature. The performance has a strong flavor of life, and the lyrics are popular. The repertoire is mostly small plays that express the rural life, such as "Going to the West" and "Five Brothers Herding Sheep".

13, JI Opera

JI Opera, popular in Jilin Province, was developed in the 1950s on the basis of Northeast China's "two-people turn", with light tunes, vulgar lyrics, and simple, fiery performances, such as "Yanqing Sells Lines" and "Paogong Compensates for Love".

14, Longjiang Opera

Longjiang Opera, popular in the Heilongjiang region, in the 1950s in the Northeast, "two people", Lafang Opera, shadow play and the local folk songs on the basis of the formation of the performance of light-hearted and humorous, vulgar lyrics. The repertoire includes "Double Locked Mountain" and "Arakudo Baoyu".

15, Yu Opera

Yu Opera, also known as "Henan Opera". It was developed in the late Ming Dynasty by combining Henan dialect and folk tunes with Shan-Shaan opera, and is now popular in Henan, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong and other provinces. The original Yu Dong tune, Yu Xi tune, Xiang Fu tune, Sha He tune four major schools, now Yu Dong, Yu Xi tune is the main. There have been famous Dan actors such as Chang Xiangyu, Chen Suzhen, Cui Lantian, Ma Jinfeng, Yan Lipin, etc. The repertoire includes Mu Guiying Hanging Up. The repertoire includes Mu Guiying Hangs Up the Marshalship, The Red Lady, Flower Fighting Dynasty, The Pair of Flower Guns and the modern play Chaoyang Gully.

16, Yuezhong

Yuezhong, Henan local theater, popular in Henan and northern Hubei, because of the "four strings" as the main accompaniment, so also known as "four strings". The music is mainly in the form of plate cadences, but also sings the song. Famous actors include Shen Fengmei. The repertoire includes "Collecting Jiang Wei", "Li Tianbao's Invitation to Marriage", and "Zhuge Liang's Hanging of Filial Piety".

17, Henan Qu Opera

Henan Qu Opera, Henan Province, the local theater, popular in Henan Province and northwestern Hubei Province, by the development of the qu art "Henan Quzi". It has a soft and gentle singing style and is characterized by its tragic content. The repertoire includes "The Rolling of the Mat", "Chen Sanliang", and "The Meeting of the Flower Pavilion".

18, Shandong Opera

Shandong Opera, Shandong Province, the local opera, popular in Shandong Province, around the Heze area, because of its ancient name of "Caozhou", so it is also known as "Caozhou Opera". It is also known as "Caozhou Bangkas" because of its ancient name, "Caozhou". It was formed by the Shan-Shaan Bangkas, which were imported to Shandong through Henan Province, and has undergone changes. The main repertoire includes "The Story of the Wall".

19, Lv Opera

Lv Opera is a local opera in Shandong Province, popular in central Shandong, Jiangsu, and Henan, which was developed in the early 20th century from the folk art of folk singing, Shandong qinshu, and was named Lv Opera in 1950. The performance of Lv Opera is rich in the flavor of life, vulgar and simple, and the singing tunes are simple, easy to learn and easy to sing. Therefore, Lu Opera has a great influence in the rural areas. The repertoire includes "Wang Dingbao Borrowing Pawn", "Xiao Guxian" and the modern opera "Li Er Sister-in-law Remarried".

20, Huai Opera

Huai Opera, a local opera in Jiangsu Province, is popular in Jiangsu, Shanghai and Anhui and other regions. It originated from Jiangsu folk theater, and then absorbed the artistic factors of Huizhou Opera and gradually matured. Its performance is rough and simple. The repertoire includes the traditional drama "Female Trial", "Three Women Robbing the Board" and the new drama "Golden Dragon and Mayfly".

21. Shanghai Opera

Shanghai Opera, a local opera popular in Shanghai, originated from the folk songs of Pudong, Shanghai, and then formed the Shanghai Tangling tune, and was influenced by the Suzhou Tangling. it was performed in Shanghai in the 1930s in the form of civilized opera, and was named Shanghai Opera. The repertoire is mostly modern, such as "Crowing and Laughing in Marriage", "Lohan Money", and "Ludang Fire".

22, burlesque

Burlesque, popular in Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang and other places of the opera. Originated from Shanghai's "one-horse show", later developed into a comic opera, tunes mixed, comical performances. The main repertoire includes "Sanmao Student's Idea" and "One, Two, Three, March".

23. Yueju Opera

Yueju Opera is a local opera popular in Zhejiang Province. It originated from the "Dudu Class" in Sheng County, Zhejiang Province, and entered Shanghai around 1916, where it was performed under the name of "Shaoxing Literary Opera". The name "Yueju Opera" was used after 1938, and in 1942 the female actors of Yueju Opera, led by Yuan Xuefen, transformed their performance and singing, absorbing the strengths of drama and kunqu, and forming a soft and delicate style of performance. There are many artistic schools such as Yuan (Xuefen), Yin (Guifang), Fan (Ruijuan), Fu (Quanxiang) and Xu (Yulan) schools. The repertoire of Yueju Opera includes "Sisterhood of the Xianglin Sisters", "Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai", "Dream of the Red Chamber", "Five Daughters Bidding for a Happy Birthday", "The Story of the West Wing", etc.

24, wu opera

Wu opera, popular in the area of jinhua, zhejiang province, the local theater, also known as "jinhua opera". It is a multi-voiced theater. Its voice cavity consists of Gaoqiang, Kunqu, Tanlong, Hui tune, etc., each with its own repertoire and performance characteristics. The repertoire includes "Monks and Nuns Meeting", "Peony Lesson", "Broken Bridge" and so on.