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The furniture of the Qing Dynasty

The stylistic characteristics of the furniture of the Qing Dynasty, in the above furniture varieties, shapes, decorations, etc., have been roughly speaking, and now only a brief summary.

The furniture of the Qing Dynasty, after nearly three hundred years of history, from inheritance, evolution, development, to form their own independent style, which of course has its own special background and experience, and even the independent existence of the characteristics.

The early Qing Dynasty furniture inherited the style of Ming furniture, but with the development of history, the integration of Manchu and Han culture, as well as the influence of cultural exchanges between China and the West, the Qing Dynasty gradually formed during the Kangxi period to focus on the form, the pursuit of the odd, the Qing Dynasty style of furniture advocating the magnificence of the furniture to the Qianlong period to reach its peak. Qianlong period of furniture, especially court furniture, excellent materials, fine workmanship, especially decorative strengths, a variety of materials, a variety of techniques combined with the use of the typical representative of the Qing furniture.

In the material, before the middle of the Qing dynasty furniture, especially the palace furniture, commonly used dark color, dense texture, fine grain of precious hardwoods, including rosewood as the first choice, followed by rosewood and chicken wing wood. Materials pay attention to the color, a variety of wood is not mixed. In order to ensure the appearance of the color and texture of the same and solid and reliable, some furniture using a wood to do, without the use of small materials splicing. After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the above three kinds of wood gradually lack, so to replace mahogany.

Decoration, in order to pursue the rich and luxurious decorative effect, make full use of a variety of decorative materials and the use of a variety of arts and crafts means, can be described as a set of decorative techniques. But some of the Qing-style furniture for the decoration and decoration, carving too much overdose, also became a major shortcoming of the Qing-style furniture.

The most decorative techniques used in Qing furniture are carving, inlay and depiction. Carving knife work is delicate and subtle, to the most commonly used translucent carving, highlighting the effect of ethereal and transparent, sometimes combined with relief, to achieve a better three-dimensional effect. One of the enamel technique imported from abroad, used for furniture decoration only in the Qing Dynasty. Gold and painted furniture is also commonly used in the Qing dynasty means of decoration, auspicious patterns are the favorite decorative themes of Qing furniture.

Overall view of the Qing Dynasty furniture, to the mid-Qing Dynasty as a representative of the general features are rich varieties, varied styles, the pursuit of the strange; decorative rich and luxurious, and can absorb foreign cultures, the integration of Chinese and Western art. Styling highlights the stability, heavy and majestic, the production of carving, embedded, depicted, painted, stacked lacquer, pick rhinoceros and other superb skills, varieties of furniture not only has the type of furniture of the Ming Dynasty, but also extends a number of forms of new furniture, so that the Qing Dynasty furniture has formed a distinctive features different from the style of the Ming Dynasty. Qing Dynasty furniture is different from the unique features of Ming furniture. Its overall size is wider than the Ming furniture, forming a stable, thick momentum. And the style is also very rich: there are beds, seats and couches, screens and lanterns, boxes and cabinets, chairs, stools and piers, tables and cases. For example, the emerging master chair has a variety of styles, as for the backrest, armrests, girdle, teeth and other new forms, but also endless. Decorating for more, seeking full, often using gold, color painting and other techniques, showing the effect of light and splendor, gold and blue. And in the furniture work, there are Beijing sit, Guangzuo, Suzuo points, so that the Qing Dynasty furniture completely systematized, stylized.

The development of the Qing Dynasty furniture to the style of maturity for the "Qing style", can be roughly divided into three stages:

The first stage is the beginning of the Qing Dynasty to the beginning of the Kangxi period, this stage of the level of craftsmanship, or craftsmen's skills, are still the continuation of the Ming Dynasty. Therefore, this period of furniture modeling, decoration, or the continuation of the Ming Dynasty furniture. Modeling is not like the middle so thick, heavy, decorative is not like the middle so redundant and rich, with material is not like the middle so generous. Moreover, the early Qing dynasty rosewood is not yet in short supply, most of the furniture is still made of rosewood. After the mid-term, rosewood less and less, more mahogany instead. Early Qing Dynasty, because it is not long, the characteristics are not obvious, did not leave more heirloom works, this period is still in the inheritance period of the previous generation.

The second stage is the end of the Kangxi, by the Yongzheng, Qianlong, to Jiaqing. This period of time is the social and political stability of the Qing dynasty, the socio-economic development of the period, is historically recognized as the "Qing dynasty" period. This stage of furniture production, with the development of society, people's needs and progress in science and technology, and was prosperous, developed situation. Furniture production at this time is not only a large number, and the formation of a special, different from the previous generation of characteristics, or call it style. This style is characterized by "Qing-style furniture" style.

1. modeling thick, solemn

This period of the furniture has changed the previous generation of the show, but for the thick and solemn. Prominent for the material is generous, increased size, body shape. Qing Dynasty master chair modeling, can best reflect the characteristics of the Qing style. It increased the seat surface, back full, legs stout. The overall shape of the throne like the majestic, solemn. Other furniture such as tables, cases, stools, etc., can also be seen in these features, just look at the stout legs, you can know its characteristics.

2. Decoration for more, full, rich, gorgeous

The mid-Qing furniture features prominent, "Qing-style furniture" masterpiece. Decoration of Qing-style furniture, seeking more, seeking full, seeking rich, seeking gorgeous. A variety of materials and use, a variety of technology. Even in a piece of furniture, but also with a variety of means and a variety of materials. Carved, embedded, gold both take, screw Dian, wood and stone and use. Furniture at this time, common body decoration, no blank, to achieve unprecedented wealth and splendor. However, it must be said that the excessive pursuit of decoration, often make people feel breathless, sometimes ignoring the use of functionality, can not avoid the suspicion of competition for wealth.

The third stage is after the Daoguang to the end of the Qing Dynasty. Daoguang, China experienced the historical catastrophe of the Opium War, since then the social and economic decline. By the time of Tongzhi and Guangxu, the social economy was deteriorating. At the same time, due to the foreign capitalist economy, culture, and the import of the church, so that China was originally self-sufficient feudal economy changed, and foreign cultures also seeped into the Chinese territory. Furniture style in this period, is no exception to the influence of change. We see, now part of the furniture in the Summer Palace, received the most obvious foreign influence. This situation, as the economic port of Guangdong is the most prominent, Canton furniture clearly accepted the French architecture and French furniture on the Rococo influence. The pursuit of feminine curves, too much decoration, and even stacked. The wood is not noble, and the workmanship is also relatively rough.

In short, we call the Qing Dynasty furniture, refers to the Kangxi has not been to Yongzheng, Qianlong, to the early Jiaqing Qing Dynasty in the middle of the Qing Dynasty, refers to this section of the Qing Dynasty period of furniture.

Chinese classical furniture varieties are: chairs and stools, tables and cases, beds and couches, cabinets and shelves, doors and windows, couplets and other small pieces of different purposes

Tables and cases Tables and cases, including: 1 kang table, kang table, kang case; 2 incense table; 3 wine table, half-table; 4 square table; 5 table, table, table, table, table, table, table, table, table, table, table, table, table, table, table, table, table, table, table, table, table, table, table; 7 other tables and cases, and so on.

Chairs and stools Chairs and stools include: 1 stool; 2 sitting pier; 3 cross stool; 4 bench; 5 chair; 6 throne, etc.

Here are some highlights of the rosewood furniture of the Qing Dynasty:

Early Qing dynasty purple lacquer and gold landscape pattern of begonias incense table

This early Qing dynasty purple lacquer and gold landscape pattern of begonias incense table, 86 centimeters high, 54 centimeters long, 44.5 centimeters wide. A few begonias style, high waist, the quarter door type teeth, the teeth carved into a scrolling cloud shape. Three curved legs, the foot end upturned, carved openwork flowers and leaves, the bottom of the foot bearing a round pearl, falling on the four-footed seat of the Begonia-style waist. The incense table body purple lacquer ground depicting gold, a few sides decorated with landscape pattern, the waist through the carving of grass pattern, a few body all decorated with bats, chimes, ruyi pattern and other auspicious patterns, decorated with back pattern and grass pattern. Although the shape of this incense several Ming style, but its rich and ornate decoration has been revealed in the Qing Dynasty style. In the Qing dynasty palace, the incense table for placing furnishings used.

Mid Qing Dynasty -- rosewood inlaid bamboo silk plum blossom stool

Stool for five legs plum blossom style, rosewood light vegetarian seat surface, the side around the teeth, pot door post, the legs in the middle of the groove, among the inlaid bamboo silk, puddle girdle, relief carving ice plum pattern.

This stool is beautifully shaped, compact and refined, in the workmanship and color treatment is just right, for the mid-Qing Su works

Qing dynasty Kangxi Qing dynasty Kangxi lacquer impulse gold flower pattern kang case

Case surface of the two ends of the loach back rounded head, quarter-men style plate legs. Inside the opening of the case is a red money pattern brocade ground, carved and filled with camellias, butterflies and travertines. Outside the open light is a red wanzi square pattern brocade ground, carved and filled with peonies, sunflower, lotus, camellias, four seasons of folding flowers. The edges and legs of the board are all bumped gold with double hooks and red lines, filled with colorful dark Baxian pattern, bumped gold streamers, and scattered twig and flower motifs. The legs of the left and right panels are carved and filled in with the twining branches and hooked lotus pattern in colored lacquer. The red lacquer is inscribed in regular script, Kangxi nian zhi (Made during the Kangxi period of the Qing dynasty).

The case was originally affixed with "Shoukang Palace in the account" note, indicating that this object had been displayed in the Shoukang Palace. Shoukang Palace for the Empress Dowager, the residence of the Imperial Consort. This object for the Kangxi palace products.

Qing qianlong bamboo small kang several

This small rectangular table, to pine for the skeleton, in its corners inlaid rosewood filigree, the middle of the paste decorated with very fine bamboo yellow, color and lustre is light and elegant. Several sides of the center inlaid gall heart, side along the ends of the carving back to the pattern. Legs for the vertical square material, indented within a few surfaces, the upper end of which is decorated with translucent carving crutch tooth head, before and after the two legs are applied between the door post two.

Wenzhu technique belongs to the bamboo carving craft in the new show, which is taken from the mature southern bamboo, bamboo split and then turn its inside out, and then to the bamboo of the inner membrane affixed to the wooden or bamboo objects, the production of difficult, labor-consuming very much, due to the bamboo material used in the bamboo, "spring" material is difficult to come by, so the use of the material is also a material such as gold, the Wenzhu Instruments are mostly some small pieces of literature, it can be said that "bamboo no big weapon", and used in furniture decoration is even less and less. This small table modeling beautiful people, color fresh and elegant, in the Palace of the existing artifacts can be said to be exquisite work, precious

Qing qianlong rosewood side of the gold laurel moon hanging screen

Red sandalwood frame carving kui dragons, the screen surface of the blue velvet ground, the picture is made of gold in the mountains and rocks, grass, laurel and clouds, the moon and other decorative motifs, the full of golden autumn scenery. The upper left corner of the screen with gold inlaid regular script Qianlong "imperial osmanthus" a poem:

Golden Autumn sun clears up the light, just like the fragrance of the sky reflecting the birthday feast. Should be section of the fragrance standard painting frame, a moment of good fortune belongs to the stuttering chapter.

Continuing to sing the song of the east wall and the west garden, the scenery of the southern state and the northern plugs even. The reason for this is the fact that it is the only thing that can add to the rhyme scheme, and it is also because of the laurel that I remember to invite you.

The gold wall screen is exquisite and elegant, well-made, popular in the Qianlong period, reflecting the achievements of the hammered burin craft during this period.

This cabinet is made by the Qing Palace Office. Furniture made here is carefully carved, small place is not casual, from the cabinet of copper work that is visible. This cabinet between the cloud pattern flat as one, shoveling especially see the master craftsman's skills.

The Eight Immortals from the Taoist legend, the eight treasures are derived from Buddhism, both symbolized at the same time in a piece of furniture on top of the master of the Buddha and Taoism can be imagined, and there is a generation of rulers of the Qing dynasty for the religious view of the match.

Qing qianlong zitan inlaid jade cloud dragon pattern screen

The screen made of zitan. Both sides of the base made into a cross, each with three teeth against the clip. The two sides of the center of the screen is decorated with different crafts, the front embedded in jasper milled seawater river teeth and clouds and dragons motifs, surrounded by decorative taping ring four ways. The back side is decorated with gold lacquer, and the pattern is the same as the front side. The upper part of the ground screen was fitted with a screen cap with a dragon pattern.

The Qianlong era in the Qing dynasty's heyday, the high degree of development of various handicrafts. After the Jiaqing period, the national power declined, and the level of handicraft production declined. This piece of the Qianlong period of the ground screen represents the highest level of furniture art in the Qing dynasty, and large embedded jade products in a very small number of survivors, the more precious.

Qing qianlong cedar wrapped bamboo yellow case

Painting case cedar tire, the whole body wrapped with bamboo yellow. Under the surface of the case for the back pattern hollow save teeth, four legs at the upper end of the case with the surface connection, supporting the lower part of the case teeth. Both sides of the legs installed between the door post, cloud-shaped foot.

This case using bamboo yellow mosaic, extremely rare on large tables and cases, known as the treasures of the Qing dynasty furniture.

Qing qianlong zitan embedded jade cloud dragon pattern screen

The screen made of zitan. Both sides of the base made into a cross, each with three teeth against the clip. The two sides of the center of the screen is decorated with different crafts, the front embedded in jasper milled seawater river teeth and clouds and dragons motifs, surrounded by decorative taping ring four ways. The back side is decorated with gold lacquer, and the pattern is the same as the front side. The upper part of the ground screen was fitted with a screen cap with a dragon pattern.

The Qianlong era in the Qing dynasty's heyday, the high degree of development of various handicrafts. After the Jiaqing period, the country's power declined, and the level of handicraft production declined. This piece of the Qianlong period of the ground screen represents the highest level of furniture art in the Qing dynasty, and large embedded jade products in a very small number of survivors, the more precious.

Qing qianlong cedar wrapped bamboo yellow case

Painting case cedar tire, the whole body wrapped with bamboo yellow. Under the surface of the case for the back pattern hollow save teeth, four legs at the upper end of the case with the surface connection, supporting the lower part of the case teeth. Both sides of the legs installed between the door post, cloud-shaped foot.

This case using bamboo yellow mosaic, extremely rare on large tables and cases, can be called the treasures of the Qing dynasty furniture.

Qing zitan eight immortals and eight treasures pattern top vertical cabinet

Top vertical cabinet of zitan, the cabinet door using the drop chamber on the drum, the front slotted mounting plate. Top cabinet door center plate carved cloud pattern for the ground, carved on the eight treasures pattern; vertical cabinet door center plate also cloud pattern for the ground, carved on the dark eight immortals. Cabinet on both sides of the face of the mountain plate carving brocade knot bat chime gourd pattern. Cabinet front border An copper burin chi dragon pattern gilded pages and pages.

Qing zitan inlaid with enamel embroidered pier

This Qing zitan inlaid with enamel embroidered pier, 52 cm high, 28 cm in diameter. Embroidered pier modeling imitation drum, face, bottom diameter similar. The upper and lower ends of the carving of the basaltic pattern two, basaltic pattern of the outer relief symbol of the fixed drum skin of the nipple, basaltic pattern between the basaltic pattern in relief with the grass pattern card flower boundary out of 6 compartments, each compartment is embedded with kui dragons pattern enamel pieces a piece. In the middle of the abdomen for 6 groups of begonias type open light, articulated with each other. Open light within another set of rosewood board, the edge of the carving out the cloud pattern circle, in which inlaid bat pattern and treasure phase flower pattern enamel piece. This embroidered pier is skillfully designed and structurally sound, with high artistic value.

Zitan inlaid porcelain armchair

With the passage of time, the passage of time, many exquisite traditional handicrafts have been obliterated in the dust and smoke of history, no longer exists, as a treasure trove of traditional arts and crafts of the Qing dynasty rosewood furniture, nature is no exception, the amount of its survival is also getting less and less, so much so that some people think, surviving in the present day, the number of rosewood furniture, its number of at most only a Ten thousand pieces or so, can be said to be very few stars. Seems to verify this statement, the last few years at home and abroad in various types of art auctions, some exquisite workmanship to, heavy condensation rosewood furniture prices all the way up, often to less than a few tens of thousands of dollars, more than millions of dollars in the price of the transaction, more illustrative of the rarity of rosewood furniture.

The rising price of rosewood furniture, indicating that its market prospects are broad, rosewood furniture and its deep cultural connotations have been more and more people pay attention to the characteristics of the calm and steady. As the pearl of Chinese furniture rosewood furniture, the future will be more dazzling light to become an eye-catching bright spot in the art auction market

From the beginning of the Qing Dynasty to the mid-Qing Dynasty, due to the prosperous development of social and economic development, a vast territory, the sea ban opened, the four seas, the eight sides into the tribute. The Ming Dynasty rare Xinjiang jade, Burma Cui, coral in the sea, car canals, rhinoceros horn ivory, are brought together in the palace, and Western glass, mirrors need a color calm wood to set off, and rosewood because of its unique attributes are valued by the imperial family. At this time, the West is in the Renaissance after the French Louis XIV, Louis XV period, Baroque and Rococo style of art prevailed, the influence of Europe and the United States. And China is also worth the Qing Dynasty Kang, Yong and Qianlong period, especially Kang, Yong dynasty, is the formation of the Qing Dynasty furniture, Baroque the kind of carving and gold inlaid with jade craft style, but also affects the development of the Qing Dynasty court furniture, this style of craftsmanship ultimately selected materials must be to the texture of the calm Mu, the texture of the good Zitan wood. Again, the Qing dynasty rulers of the aesthetic interest also decided the rosewood ultimately in the Qing dynasty palace furniture made in luck. Qing dynasty is China's imperial system at the peak of the period, the Qing dynasty court etiquette is strict, a lot of regulations, the Qing dynasty emperors, regardless of how talented, most of the rigorous work, resting on the success of the trivia is also quite important. This is with the Ming Dynasty, some emperors do not do their jobs, like to have fun to form a big contrast. And rosewood that does not noise, deep color, stability and quiet characteristics precisely meet the psychological needs of the Qing dynasty emperor. Therefore, the Qing dynasty royal family for rosewood extraordinarily valued.