Literary texts that talk about the methods of reading

1. What are some of the literary texts that make people understand the benefits of reading and the ways of acquiring them

Xunzi's Persuasion

Han Yu's The Teacher's Discourse

Persuasion is the first chapter of Xunzi's book. It is also known as the Chapter of Persuading Learning. To persuade learning is to encourage learning. This article discusses the theory and method of learning in a more systematic way. In the first part, the importance of learning is discussed; in the second part, the steps, contents, ways of learning and other related issues are discussed; and "learning can not be already" as the central idea throughout the text. Xunzi believes that learning can increase knowledge and ability, cultivate character and temperament; perseverance, persistence is the right attitude to learn; to learn Confucian classics, at the same time, we must be good at seeking advice from the wise, but also good at teaching; learning to be good at the beginning and good at the end, do not give up halfway, in order to achieve a complete and pure spiritual realm.

The Teacher's Sayings was written in the eighteenth year of the Tang Dynasty (802 AD), when Han Yu was a doctor of the Four Doors, and it was written by Han Yu to his student Li Pan. This essay was written by Han Yu to his student Li Pan. It is an expository essay explaining the important role of teachers, the necessity of learning from teachers, and the principle of choosing teachers. The essay criticizes the misconception that the "scholarly family" was ashamed to learn from a teacher and advocates learning from a teacher, and at the same time, it is also a public reply and a strict refutation of those who slander the author. The author shows that anyone can be his or her own teacher, and should not refuse to learn with an open mind just because of his or her status or age. The end of the text is a testimony to Confucius' words and deeds, affirming that seeking a teacher and emphasizing the way is a practice that has been done since ancient times, and that the people of the time should not turn their backs on the ancient way.

2. About the study of the beneficial literati

Counseling

Xunzi

gentleman said: Learning can not be already.

Green, taken from the blue and blue; ice, water for it and cold in the water. Wood straight in the rope, wheel band for the wheel, its curved in the rules; although there is a haggard storm, not quite again, wheel band to make it so. Therefore, the wood is subject to the rope is straight, gold on the sharpening of the sharp, the gentleman learned and day to day reference to their own, then know and do not go too far.

I tasted the end of the day and think about it, not as much as a moment of learning; I tasted crawling and look forward to it, not as much as to climb up to see. Ascending high and recruiting, the arm is not longer, and see far; with the wind and call, the sound is not faster, and hear the manifestation. If you fake a carriage or a horse, it is not good for your feet, but it will lead you to thousands of miles; if you fake an oar, it is not good for the water, but it will cut off the river. The gentleman's life is not different, and he is good at making assumptions about things.

The accumulation of earth into a mountain, the wind and rain will rise; the accumulation of water into an abyss, the dragon will be born; the accumulation of goodness into virtue, and the gods will get their own way, and the sacred heart will be ready. A horse can't take ten steps without a single leap, and an incompetent horse can't do more than ten steps without giving up. If you persevere, a rotten tree will not break; if you persevere, a golden stone can be skeletonized. The earthworm has no claws and teeth, sinews and bones of the strong, up to eat the earth, down to drink the Yellow Springs, with a heart of one. Crab six knees and two chelates, non-snake and eel cave can not be hosted, with the heart of the manic also.

Teachers

Han Yu

? The ancient scholars must have a teacher. The teacher, so the preaching of the doctrine of acceptance of work to solve puzzles also. The teacher is a person who is not born to know, who can be free from confusion? Confused and not from the teacher, the confusion is also, the end is not resolved. Born before me, its hear the way also solid first to me, I thus teacher; born after me, its hear the way also first to me, I thus teacher. My teacher of the road, the man who knows the succession of years born in me? Therefore, there is no noble, no cheap, no long no less, the existence of the Road, the existence of the teacher.

? Contempt! Division of the road is not transmitted for a long time! Want people without confusion is also difficult to carry out! Ancient saints, its out of people are far away, but also from the teacher and ask yam; today's crowd, the saints under the saints are also far away, and ashamed to learn from the teacher. Therefore, the saint is better than the saint, the fool is better than the fool; the reason why saints are saints, the reason why fools are fools, and they are all out of this! Love their children, choose a teacher and teach them, in their own body, they are ashamed of the teacher, confused! He is the teacher of the child, teaching the book and practicing its sentence readers, not what I call to pass on the way to solve their confusion. Sentence reading do not know, confused, or teacher, or not, elementary school and the great legacy, I have not seen its bright. Witch doctors, musicians, hundreds of people, not ashamed of the teacher; Shi Da Fu's family, said that the teacher said that the disciples of the cloud, then the group gathered and laughed. Asked, then said: "He and his years are similar, the road is similar. The low position is enough to shame, the official is close to flattery." Whoops! Division of the road is no longer knowable. Witch doctors and musicians, the people of the hundred workers, the gentleman is not to the teeth. It is strange that their wisdom is now out of their reach!

The sages had no regular teachers. Confucius studied with Tantanzi, Janghong, Shixiang, and Laozi. Tantanzi's disciples were not as wise as Confucius. Confucius said: "Three people, there must be my teacher," so the disciple does not have to be as good as the teacher, the teacher does not have to be better than the disciple. The way to hear the successive, the art of specialization, such as this is only.

Li's son Bean, 17 years old, good ancient texts, the six arts of Confucianism, all through the study of the time, is not bound to learn in the Yu.

3. The meaning of the method of reading

Original text:

The method of reading

(Song) Zhu Xi

For the most part, the book must first be familiar with the reading of the book, so that all its words are as if in my mouth. Then to think carefully, so that its meaning

are in my heart, and then you can get it.

As for the doubtful meaning of the text, there are many different opinions,

then also be modest and quiet, do not be hasty to take it in the middle of it.

Word Notes:

1 The method of reading: from "The Essentials of Reading".

2 roughly: probably, mostly.

3 All: all.

4 To: with.

5 Also: also.

6 Do not: do not.

7 遽：匆忙。

古文大意：

Usually, we should read a book familiarly first, so that the words in the book are like my own words. Then, I have to use the method of intensive reading to think carefully, so that the meaning of the book is just like what I have thought out by myself, and only in this way can I get something out of my reading. If the meaning of the book has a difficult place, or the interpretation is different, we should be modest and calm thinking, do not rush to explain, decide to take.

4. Seek a few about reading the literary text, urgent

Original text Wang Coronation, Zhuji people. When he was seven or eight years old, his father ordered him to herd (1) cattle on the Longshan, steal (2) to enter the school house and listen to the students reciting books; listen to the book, always (3) silent memory. Twilight return, forget its cattle, father angry tart (4). And has been back as before. Mother said: "The child is so stupid, why (5) not listen to what he did?" Coronation because he went, according to the monastery to live. Night dive (6) out to sit on the Buddha's lap, the executive policy (7) reflecting the long-light reading, read aloud up to Dan (8). Buddha statue more dolls, caracal horror (9), coronation child,恬 (10) if you do not know. (Song B.A. Anthology)

Notes (1) Pastoral: grazing livestock. (2) steal: secretly, secretly. (3) at every turn: always (often), on. (4) tart: to beat someone with a whip, stick, etc. (5) Haha: Haha, why. (6) Dive: secretly, quietly step. (7) Execute: to hold a book. (8) Da Dan: until morning, until dawn. (9) caracal and horrible: hideous and vicious, frightening, (10): tian: look peaceful and full of concern.

Translation Wang Coronation was a native of Zhuji County. When he was seven or eight years old, his father told him to herd cows on the ridge, and he sneaked into the schoolhouse to listen to the students reading. After listening, he always memorized it silently. When he came home in the evening, he forgot all about the cows he was grazing. Wang Coronation's father was furious and beat him up. Afterward, he was still like that. His mother said, "This boy wants to read so obsessively, why don't you let him?" From then on, Wang Coronation left home and lived in a temple. At night, he went out in the dark, sitting on the Buddha's knees, holding a book in his hands on the light of the Buddha's front lamp reciting, the sound of the book has been read until dawn. Buddha statues are mostly clay, a face fierce and vicious, people are afraid. Although Wang Coronet is a child, but the expression of peace, as if not looking .

① [sic] a few years old ②, Sun Xin old acquaintance Ouyang Wenzhong Gong ③, tasted between ④ to ask the text. Cloud: "No other skills ⑤, only hard reading and more for the, since the work ⑥. The world suffers from less text, and lazy reading, and an out, that is, seeking to pass, so few to the person ⑦. Blemishes ⑧ do not have to wait for people to point out ⑨, more than one can see since." This public to try to tell people, so especially flavorful. [Note] ① this text is selected from the Song Su Shi "Dongpo Zhilin". ② a year: the beginning of the year ③ Ouyang Wenzhong Gong: refers to Ouyang Xiu, Wenzhong is his posthumous name, Gong is the honorific ④ multiply between: to take advantage of the opportunity ⑤ art: method ⑥ work: good at ⑦ to the person: the success of the thing ⑧ blemishes: faults ⑨ accusation: to point out the faults.

[Translation] At the beginning of a certain year, Sun Xinlao met Ouyang Xiu, and took the opportunity to ask him for advice on writing articles. Ouyang Xiu said: "There is no other way but to study hard and write often, and naturally there will be progress; but the fault of the world's general people is that they have little opportunity to practice writing, and are lazy in reading, and when an article is written, immediately demand that it surpasses the others, and like this there is rarely any success. The shortcomings of an essay do not need to be pointed out by others, but can be discovered by practicing more." Ouyang Xiu told others about his experience in writing essays, so (I think) it is especially meaningful. [There is no other way to improve the quality of one's writing than to study hard and write more. Literary Su Dongpo, a great man of talent, renowned in ancient and modern times, but still can be so important to the success of others, and cited as a good lesson, which shows that he is rigorous, hard work in the study. From this, it gives us - a great lesson: the article is good or bad with the reading of the diligence of the lazy, how much practice, has a close relationship.

Original: Lu Youren Su Zimei unrestrained, good drinking. In the maternal uncle Du Qi Gong's home, every night reading, to a bucket for the rate. The public is y skeptical, so that the children of the secret spy. Hear Zi Mei read "Han Shu - Zhang Liang biography", to "Liang and guests snipers Qin Emperor", mistakenly in the deputy car, suddenly stroked his palm and said: "Pity! The hit is not hit." He then drank a large white wine. Read again, to "Liang said: 'Beginning of the minister from Xiapi, and on the meeting in the stay, this day to ministers awarded your majesty.'" and stroked the case said: "the meeting of the ruler and the minister, its difficult." Resume to cite a big white. The public heard, laughed and said: "There is such a wine under the object, a bucket is not too much."

Translation: Su Zimei is a bold and uninhibited person who likes to drink. When he was in the house of his father-in-law, Du Qigong, he read every day, and (he drank wine while reading) to the limit of finishing a bucket. Du Qigong was y suspicious of him, so he sent the youngest member of his family to spy on him. When he heard Zi Mei reading the Book of Han? Zhang Liang's Biography, (when he) read that Zhang Liang and the assassins had made a sneak attack to assassinate Qin Shi Huang, and the big iron vertebrae thrown by the assassins only hit Qin Shi Huang's deputy car (in this paragraph). He suddenly clapped his hands and said, "What a pity! It didn't hit." Then he drank a large glass full of wine. Read again that Zhang Liang said, "Since I met with Your Majesty in Chenliu after the uprising in Xiapi, this is heaven giving me to Your Majesty." (Su Zimei) tapped the table again and said, "It is so difficult for a ruler and his subjects to meet, ah." He drank another large glass of wine. When Duke Du Qi heard of this, he laughed and said, "With such a libation, one cup is not too much."

5. Good Ways to Read Literary Writings

Originally Posted By: Zhao Xuehong

(2) Methods of Comparative Reading of Literary Writings and Problem Solving Techniques

Grasp of Knowledge Points

Learning of Literary Writings should enable the students to "recite ancient poems and read simple Literary Writings to understand the basic contents with the help of annotations and toolkits. Focus on accumulation, comprehension and application, and improve their appreciation of taste" and "memorize 80 outstanding poems (paragraphs)". The test questions of the literature should "focus on the students' memorization and accumulation, and test whether they can understand the general meaning of the poems with the help of notes and tools".

1. The extension of the classroom to the outside of the classroom, comparative reading has become an important form of test questions.

From 2004 to 2006, the changes in the selection of the test questions in the language, it is not difficult to find its development trajectory - at the beginning of the new curriculum in the examination, more is used in the classroom paragraphs to detect the teaching and learning of the language in the words, sentences and understanding of the meaning of the knowledge and ability to implement the situation, the purpose is to guide us to consolidate the foundation; and then, then use the extracurricular paragraphs to detect the implementation of knowledge and ability in words, sentences and understanding of meaning. The purpose is to guide us to consolidate the foundation; then, then use the extracurricular reading of literary texts to guide the learning and use of literary texts from the other, and gradually to the use of knowledge and skills mastered in the classroom, to solve the extracurricular reading of literary texts in the direction of the transition. This reflects the direction of development of the new curriculum in which the examination emphasizes the ability to transform our knowledge into problem-solving skills. In this transition, comparative reading is an important form of linking knowledge inside and outside the classroom to promote us to learn to migrate, it can be a comparative reading of two (paragraph) of the literary material in the classroom, but also inside and outside the classroom of the comparative reading of the literary material of a (paragraph).

2. The examination is still based on the words and the understanding of the content.

Most of the content of the examination has such items: the original characters, pronunciation and meaning of Chinese characters; the meaning of commonly used Chinese words; the use of commonly used Chinese false words; the translation of important sentences and the understanding of the main content of the passage. There are three main types of questions: ? The examination of the literary texts is generally based on subjective questions, and many open-ended questions appear. There are several forms of open questions: ① Appreciation of famous sentences.

The most important thing is that the students have to be able to read and understand the language and culture of their own country.

In recent years, the reading of the Chinese language reading questions to select the passage to the class of basic reading material, extracurricular reading more than the selection of easy-to-understand articles as reading material. Generally both inside and outside the classroom, focusing on the examination of reading transfer ability.

The knowledge examined mainly involves the following aspects: ① smooth reading aloud, master the text sentence reading. ② Understand the common real and imaginary words, understand the general meaning of the sentence.

③ Understand the ideas and feelings contained in the text. ④ Understand the main artistic features and expressive techniques of the text.

How to carry out the reading of the Chinese language? The method has the following points: First, clear the obstacles, understand the meaning of the text For the extracurricular literary text, it is especially important to read through the whole text, because it is a prerequisite to do a good job of the examination, so how can we do this step? First of all, the overall reading. First read through, skim or skip the whole text to get a general idea of the style of the literary selection.

If it is a narrative, to find out "when, where, who, what, and how". Do not hope to read the whole text once, one-sidedly entangled in individual difficult words and phrases, but should let them go for the time being, only in the corresponding places in the text with the circle marking method can be.

And then, with the help of, to figure out the meaning of the text. The writer of the text will give some notes, and these notes can often bring a lot of help in solving the problem.

For example, in the 2006 Yangzhou examination question, there is a sentence: "Ask the candles and get their shape, and on the other day, I will touch the flute (yuè, like a flute wind instrument), and think that the day is also." With the help of bracketed notes, candidates understand the meaning of the text is much easier.

Understanding the meaning of the text can also quickly browse the requirements of the test questions, especially the content of the general class of multiple choice questions, read carefully, to understand the general content of the text, because this question is often inconsistent with the original text, the other three are correct, that is, there is an error is also often a matter of detail. Then through the interpretation of such questions, will immediately understand the content of the whole text, and then go to read the original text, it will be twice as easy as half the effort, making it easier.

Third, re-read the text. After the previous two steps, the candidates on the content of the passage has been able to understand seventy to eighty percent, there is a direction of thinking, so re-reading, it will be able to cognize the whole text from a higher level, and at the same time, can also be corrected for the deviation of the first two steps.

If you encounter more difficult passages, but also repeatedly read through, so that "the words do not leave the sentence, the sentence does not leave the piece, before and after the nudge, grasp the whole", call a variety of means, before and after the derivation, go through the process of interpretation. Second, tamping down the foundation, learning to use the word interpretation and sentence translation is a mandatory question of the language, to answer this kind of questions must rely on the accumulation of weekdays.

In the past few years, more questions about the interpretation of exemplary real words, encounter these real words, the candidates should first recall the previous study of the literary text there is no such word, and if there is, its meaning here can not make sense, for example, in 2006, Weifang, there is a requirement to explain the "moon scene is especially clear" in the "absolute". For example, one of the questions in the 2006 Weifang examination asked for an explanation of the word "absolute" in the phrase "the moon view is particularly clear and absolute", which is from outside the classroom but has been studied in the classroom, and the candidates should think of the interpretation of the word "absolute" in the phrase "to think that it is wonderful" in the Ventriloquism, as "extreme". "The 2006 Jiangxi provincial examination questions have the interpretation of the word "is" in "is when the court tasted prohibited", recalling the knowledge we have learned. The interpretation of "is" there are two kinds, one is a judgment verb, a pronoun "this", such as "is the year", "is the day ", it is clear that the interpretation of "is" here is "this".

If there is no class, and it is difficult to determine the meaning, it should be based on the specific context, the context, the use of word analysis or syntactic analysis of the statement of the word, from the point of view of the judgment of the word to deduce the exact meaning of the word. Some of the real word meaning in the text according to their own use of the word can not be correctly explained, it should be considered in the case of Tongyong or living use.

For example, the word "卒" in the sentence "因卒然而就", we have already learned its two meanings. We have already studied two meanings of the word "卒" in the sentence "卒用其人" ("Zhao Pu"), which is translated as "finally", and "月余也卒" ("月余也卒" in "人琴俱亡") which is translated as "die". Moreover, the word "卒" is used in conjunction with the word "然", so we have to consider whether it is a synonym for "猝", which means "sudden". "If we put this meaning into the sentence and it makes sense, then we can be sure that "pawn" and "sudden" are in common. Sometimes, the questions in the examination also involve the use of common false words, false words are many, but the common ones are just "the", "its", "and", etc., which requires us to memorize the basic meaning and main usage of common false words. This requires us to familiarize ourselves with the basic meaning and main usage of commonly used false words, for example, the word "之", the common meanings in junior high school are "structural auxiliary, of", "pronoun, referring to people or things", "used between the subject and the predicate, canceling the independence of the sentence", "verb, to, to, to go", "the role of regulating syllables", and in extracurricular literature, we encounter the word "之". The understanding of "之" in extracurricular literary texts, we can compare the above uses one by one to find the appropriate meaning of the item.

The translation of literary statements should be based on direct translation, supplemented by Italian translation, to seize the key words in the sentence, word by word corresponding translation, and at the same time do a good job of staying, filling, deleting, replacing, adjusting. The general methods of translation of the literary language are: ①Retention.

That is, to retain the names of people, places, officials, or words with the same meaning as in modern Chinese. ② Complementary.

That is, to supplement the monophonic words for the two-syllable words, or make up the omitted components. ③ Delete.

That is, delete the imaginary words that do not need to be translated.

i.e. replacing ancient Chinese words with modern Chinese words of the same meaning. ⑤ Tuning.

That is, to adjust the word order or word sequence to make it conform to the modern Chinese custom. Third, the overall perception, speculation taste literary examination questions is the main event of the content of the passage of the general analysis and exploratory questions, such questions are mainly from the following aspects of the examination: First, fill in the blanks with the original statements, such as the 2006 Fuzhou City Intermediate School Examination questions, "the text of the Zou Ji first personal experience metaphor, and then compare the family affairs and national affairs, and finally concluded that " "The conclusion that the king of Qi was pleased to adopt his advice.

After this, the king of Qi opened the way of speech widely, cultivated politics, and achieved " "results."" This kind of question is relatively simple, as long as we do the overall grasp, based on the characteristics of the genre to grasp the focus, grasp the central sentence, find the key sentence, sort out the level of the article.

On the basis of grasping the main points and the center, analyzing and judging the details and finding the main information can be. The second is to understand and recognize the feelings expressed by the author, the table.

7. The method of reading the literary language

General rules of reading the literary language: First, the accumulation of knowledge (commonly used false, first, the accumulation of knowledge commonly used false, the basic use of real words and meaning commonly used false important literary and cultural literacy, common idioms, meaning, important literary and cultural literacy, common idioms, important historical knowledge, etc.) Second, the basic skills (the use of words, the judgment of the different sentence forms, the second to). The second depends on basic skills (word usage, different sentence determination, word usage identification, translation, generalization, analysis, etc.) identification, translation, generalization, analysis, etc. The third relies on the ability to flexibly use (based on specific contexts, topics, the third relies on the ability to flexibly use based on specific contexts, topics, based on specific contexts, specific analyses, comparisons, and thus accurately solve the problem).

Conduct a specific analysis, comparison, so as to accurately solve the problem. 1, to the question to understand the text.

, to the question to understand the text. The reading of the language is relatively difficult, the reading of the language is relatively difficult, the general students tend to read once not very understand.

At this point, to quickly browse through the requirements of the test questions, do not quite understand. At this point, we should quickly go through the requirements of the test questions, especially the last general judgment questions, read carefully, is the last general judgment questions, read carefully, to understand the general content of the whole text, because the question often has a discrepancy with the original text, the general content of the whole text, because the question often has a discrepancy with the original text, the other three are correct, the other three are correct, is that there is a mistake is often a detail problem.

These are the questions.

Then by interpreting the last question, the question. Then by interpreting the last question, you will immediately understand the content of the whole text, and then go to read the original text, you will get twice the result with half the effort, making it easier.

The content of the text, and then go to read the original text, it will be twice as easy as it is difficult. 2, to the text to understand the text.

, to the text to understand the text. To understand the text, is to use the words in the article to solve the problem.

The text of the text, that is, with the words of the article to solve the problem. "If you are a senior citizen in the East and you don't do anything to get rice, why should you be the only one who can serve Bai Charm".

White Charms" is white rice, because above, "the monthly salary of white rice ......". "White charm" that is, white rice, because of the above "monthly salary to white rice.

3, to note the text.

3.

The writer of the text will give some notes, the writer of the text will give some notes, these notes can often bring a lot of help to solve the problem.

For example, in the 1991 test, there was a sentence that helped a lot in solving the problem.

For example, in the 1991 test question, there is a sentence: "Those who know much about the subject have the ridicule of Shu Duan and Zhou Yu." The proposers gave a note on "Shu Duan and Zhou Yu" and a note on "Shu Duan and Zhou Yu". "For the Luang Semi-Wangxie King, there are many people who know Shu Duan and Zhou Yu's ridicule, and the reason is (what)." "This actually tests the students' understanding of )."

" The reason is (what)." "This actually examines the student's ability to interpret the text in a matter of fact.

The ability of the text." 4, to understand the text.

, to understand the text. In the answer to the translation of the sentence, to be combined with the context, in the answer to the translation of the sentence, to be combined with the context, but also to be good at understanding the matter.

For example, in 1994, the phrase "to give" in the sentence "to give support", to understand the reason.

For example, in 1994, in the phrase "to give to provide", "whether to give" or "abundance", "whether to give" or "abundance", "whether to give" or "abundance"? Is it "to give" or "to make ...... abundant?" It seems that both abundance can be.

But when analyzed rationally, it can only be taken as " can.

But from the rational analysis, we can only take "make ...... abundant because He Ziping, as a retired official, exerted all his efforts to "sufficient".

Because He Ziping as a retired official, "exhausting the body and transportation force" is not satisfied with the general sustenance, but to "make it abundant" is not satisfied with the general sustenance, but to "make it abundant". ". Another example is the translation of the phrase "support the private home," whether it's "support your mother at home" or "help your mother with her home." "Or is it "to help one's mother to manage the home"? Putting aside the prescriptive nature of the meaning of the word, just from the point of view of reasoning, it cannot be translated as "assisting the mother in managing the household" either, because this is "managing the household", "helping the mother to manage the household". The first thing I want to do is to make sure that you have a good understanding of what you are doing.

Because this "management of the family" of the heavy responsibility to rely on the nearly eighty-year-old mother, He Ziping how filial have? The mother of the 80 year old, He Zi Ping what filial piety have? 5, a method of reading literary texts: , a method of reading literary texts: (1) grasp the general idea, starting from the back, the first sentence is to say that in reading a) grasp the general idea, starting from the back, when a literary text, a literary text, first of all, the content of the whole text to have a general understanding of the mastery, and as much as possible to master the article. The first thing you need to do is to get a general idea of the content of the text, and to get as much of it as you can.

Answer the questions from the last question. The last question to be answered.

The last question of the Gaoxue Literature Examination is Combined with the meaning of the text to make a judgment, this question will help the candidates to understand the meaning of the text.

The last question of the exam is to judge the meaning of the text, which will help the candidates to understand the meaning of the text.

(2) Sentence translation, key words. The second sentence is said to be doing sentence ) Sentence translation, key words.

When translating questions, catch the key words in the sentence. When translating questions, catch the key words in the sentence.

The requirements for the translation of a literary text are: straight, accurate and complementary. The "straight" is to say that in translating the sentence as much as possible to "straight translation"; "accurate" is to say that the translation of the key words should be "straight". The reason for "accurate" translation of key words is that the language of the Chinese language is concise and the translation should be "accurate"; "complementary" is because the language of the Chinese language is concise and there are a lot of omitted contents, so when translating, we have to take into account all the contents of the Chinese language. The reason for this is that the language is concise and there is a lot of omitted content, which has to be added to when translating.

For example, if a ruler wishes to rule the world with honor and fame, he must honor the virtuous and the humble. This sentence should be translated as "而下士。"

This sentence should be translated as "If a king wants to stabilize the world and pass on his glorious name, he must respect the wise ministers and treat them humbly." That's a direct translation first of all. This is a direct translation. This is first of all a direct translation. The key words to consider are " " "honorable name" "down" "and honorable name." " 考.