Where does Tangbian Village belong?

Tangbian Village is the first of the four ancient villages in Zhou Hu Town, Anfu County. It has a long history, an open region, a beautiful environment and a large number of talents. The spectrum contains "Shi Xue, a generation of official titles, a famous family in the countryside". Since the foundation was established at the end of the Tang Dynasty, people have been farming, learning and trading, and there is a saying that "the old man by the pond took an umbrella and went to other places to be the boss".

During the second national cultural relics survey in 1980s, the key traditional buildings in this village were registered in the form of combination. In the investigation of tourism resources along the Beijing-Kowloon Railway in the 1990s, because foreign scholars and experts expressed shock at the architectural pattern of their villages, the investigation of cultural relics in Jiangxi Province and the national "Three Pu" were further analyzed, studied and popularized. In 2002, five buildings were declared as county-level cultural relics protection units, in 2003, the village was declared as the first batch of "historical and cultural villages" in Jiangxi Province, and in 20 12, it was declared as the first batch of "China traditional villages". In view of the existing conditions of the village, we intend to declare it as the sixth batch of famous Chinese historical and cultural villages, and now the specific contents are reported as follows:

Geographical location and environmental conditions

Tangbian Village is located at the southern end of Zhou Hu Town, Anfu County, Ji 'an City, Jiangxi Province. It is located at the center of east longitude114029'15 _ and north latitude 27007' 15 _. Belongs to the central and western Jiangxi. The village is 7 kilometers away from Zhou Hu Wei Town and 36 kilometers away from Anfu County. At the entrance of the village, Zhuyang Highway and Ernst & Young Highway connect and pass through. It is one kilometer away from the entrance to the village in the north, and the Chenshui River flows into the Ganjiang River. There are continuous hills such as Fuyishan, Dongkeng, Xikeng and Henglongshan in the south, bordering Yangmen Township in the west and Wen Yuan Village in the east. The mountain range in the south is the remnant vein of Luo Xiao Mountain, connecting Jinggangshan and Wugong Mountain.

Tangbian village is mainly divided into two natural villages, east and west, with more than 600 households.

More than 3,000 people. The village governs forest land 1 10,000 mu and cultivated land of 4,000 mu, with a total area of about 8 square kilometers. The terrain is high in the south and low in the north, high in the east and low in the west. There are two small reservoirs, Nanshan and Yuejin, in the south, so there is no danger of drought and flood. The villagers mainly grow rice and develop diversified management. At present, two pig farms and a large-scale fish farm on the water have begun to take shape; Developed 100 mu fruit industry base and a three-dimensional chicken farm; Has a fixed Ji 'an famous brand "Tangbian Pear Melon" base of 300 mu; Newly developed 100 mu flue-cured tobacco production base.

Second, the historical evolution and spatial distribution

According to the Liu family tree of the village, Liu Bang's descendant, his grandson, was born in Changsha, and he was one of the five Chu Shi during the reign of Tang Ganfu (AD 875-879). He lives in tangcun, Cixi, avoiding the chaos in Huang Chao. Liu Qiong, the eldest son, was given military service by Ma Yin and Ma Yin, kings of Chu, and got an acre of Tian Wan in Hunan. Second, Liu _, whose real name is Liu Jinghong, was a middle school official. For political reasons, he moved to Nantang at the end of Ganyou (923-936). After living in seclusion and not being an official, he was the ancestor of the pond and gave gifts to his ministers. It has been more than a thousand years. The ancestor had five sons, following Wen, _ Wen, Xian Wen and Shao Wen, and the second son followed Wen Chen's palace as the capital, giving ministers orders; Liu Su, the third generation of Liu Su, was a commoner, and was named as a history book. I was tired of being a doctor when I tried to solve it. Liu Ling, the fourth generation of Liu Ling, was a scholar in Wu Geng, and was tired of official orders, chasing the king of Chu, giving Wen' an and filling the state; Liu Yuan, the fifth generation of Liu Yuan, gave an example in Renzike Township, Xining. Liu Jin was awarded the title of Emperor Guisi Jinshi, and he went to Tianzhangge to be built. Dr. Liu _ Guan Zhi Guanglu, etc. In the late Southern Song Dynasty, Liu, Liu Xiangweng, Liu and Liu Yingfeng entered middle school. At the beginning of tomorrow, after Liu Chuibao enters imperial academy, the road to being an official will be opened again. In Ming and Qing Dynasties, more than 20 people were admitted to imperial academy and promoted to imperial academy. Until the end of the 26th century, there were still officials. In addition, some children of wealthy businessmen have won titles such as "Doctor" and "Sima" through donations.

By the Southern Song Dynasty, the pond had been divided into two sides, and the scale was not comparable to that of ordinary villages. In the Yuan Dynasty, a unified ancestral hall (Liu's Grand Ancestral Hall by the pond) was built in the village, covering an area of 3,000 square meters. The unified ancestral hall said, "Since the unified system was passed down to the Tang and Song Dynasties, Fukuda was planted in the world, and the poems and books were reflected for thousands of years, and later generations inherited it; The sects branched from east to west, and various resorts and schools spread to Wu Chu for hundreds of millions of generations, and Jianghan Chaozong ". After liberation, Tongzong Temple was demolished and converted into Tangbian Primary School, and the words "Genghis Khan" were engraved on its blue bricks. Tongzong Hall is divided into five rooms in the east and five rooms in the west. Kuiguang Hall (East General Hall) was built in the East Fifth Room in the early Ming Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, it was divided into four halls: Hou Ji Hall, Pardon Hall, Dunben Hall and Aisi Hall. At the same time, there is a five-room temple in the West Fifth Room, which governs Aiqi Hall, Ren Litang, Qingzhen Hall, Zide Hall, Zhimei Hall, Jimei Hall, Qiyou Hall, Yuqing Hall and Mingde Hall.

The distant ancestor of the Liu family in Tangbian Village was the emperor. After the ancestors were hereditary aristocratic families, the descendants were rich and prosperous, taking more fame and becoming more officials, which laid the political foundation and social status of local heroes. In addition, in order to revitalize the family business, they instilled the concept of "no business, no wealth" in the hearts of their people earlier, striving for wealth and longevity. As early as the Southern Song Dynasty, there were many rich gentry near the pond. The 14th Liu Shixin, known as "Liu Million", rented millions of tons of rice and gold and silver. The germination of capitalism and the active commodity economy in the late Ming Dynasty provided fermentation opportunities for Tangbian people to do business. People surnamed Liu in Tangbian Village support each other, and stores opened in Ji 'an, Ganzhou, Yuanzhou, Changsha and Wuhan can be connected into a street. During the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, there were more than 40 tangbian firms with hundreds of employees, all over neighboring provinces such as Hunan, Hubei and Guangxi, as well as southwest and even southeast Asian countries. Especially during the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty, Liu Zhimei and Liu Jimei were able to assemble thousands of craftsmen and 10,000 laborers in two months, and at the same time build two residential quarters, "Bafu" and "Dafudi". According to legend, the master only asked the carpenter who applied for the job, "These houses have been built. How many kilograms of tea oil do you need to polish before planing?" Opinions vary. The last carpenter in Zhejiang said, "100 kg or so", and was hired as a carpenter's master by the master. After that, he actually spent 86 pounds of tea oil, saying that "Jiangyou is the best in the world".

"One side of the soil and water will support one side of the people", and the name of the pond is taken from the pond. Since the foundation was established at the end of the Tang Dynasty, hundreds of large and small ponds have been built inside and outside Tangbian Village, with the largest area reaching more than 100 mu and the smallest being only tens of square meters. There is a pond at the entrance of the village, a pond outside the village, and a noodle pond and a ring pond are built in the village. People are walking by the pond, and the fish is in the middle of the pond. When it is calm, the village houses, cypresses and clouds are reflected in the water, which is picturesque. As Malang Dianthus: "The pond looks like a fish, and cypress trees fly around the front." Although the pond does not live in Jianghuai waters, it has water features in the south of the Yangtze River. These ponds, which are several times larger than other villages, are not only designed for domestic water use, but also a pursuit of traditional geomantic omen and folk customs. "Qi is scattered by the wind, and the boundary water stops", so it is called Feng Shui. "Water is dynamic", "Water is wealth" and "Surface water is auspicious". The harmony between man and nature can be achieved through conscious environmental transformation.

In addition to the pond, there is the Yuhua Temple in the east of Tangbian Village, the Summer Purple Temple in the west and the Academy in the south. In the southeast and center of the village, there is an earth embankment with a length of 300 meters, a width of 2 meters, a length of 60 meters and a width of 3 meters respectively, and cypress trees are planted on the embankment. The two earth dikes are like two long dragons, facing the Chenshui River from north to south. Because the terrain is high in the west and low in the east, the two earth dikes have become the right guards of the two natural villages in the pond. The border of the village is surrounded by ancient camphor trees, guarding it like rows of soldiers. Overlooking the natural village on the west side of the pond, the building is surrounded by the pond and becomes a pearl shape. Compared with "clouds cover pearls", scholars say that "there are dragons and pearls" and "pearls attract dragons"; The east and west sides are connected together to form an "S"-shaped gold hook, which makes people very tasty.

Third, the scale and value characteristics of the building

There are 49 residential groups in the east, represented by Kuiguangtang ancestral hall, which are distributed in the left, right and back rows, including bookshops and temples, with an area of 4,000 _.

"Kuiguang Hall": a brick-wood structure with triple eaves in Ming Dynasty, with a width of14.33m and a depth of 42.34m.. The main entrance is hung with plaques of "Shi Kejia Di" and "China scholar Liu Chuibao Li, Five Years of the Apocalypse". In the main hall, the wooden column couplet "Plowing Road, Shu Tai, Qi Jie, Golden Horse and Jade Hall", with "loyalty and filial piety" as the big character, is magnificent. There are carved windows in the corridor of the main hall, carved deer on the door, carved "Gankun" and "Luwei" on the door, and painted landscape murals on the front porch, which are well preserved. It was announced as a county-level cultural relics protection unit.

Sibentang: It is a brick-wood structure in the late Qing Dynasty, with a width of 15. 1 m and a depth of 38.5 m, with a circular stone pillar foundation, a green slate patio, a circular arc gate in nave, loyalty and filial piety in Zuo Shu, and a religious right book. The main hall is hung with plaques of "Wang Chong" and "Wang Chong".

Jingzhuang Public Book House: A brick and wood structure building combining quadrangles and residential buildings in the late Qing Dynasty, with a width of12.4m and a depth of110.45m. The lintel is engraved with a stone carving "Jingzhuang Public Book House" and the inner wall is engraved with "the pet of lotus". The wooden boards on the left and right sides of the main hall are carved with the story of "Taigong fishing, locust tree discussing classics", which is hidden inside.

Dafudi: The quadrangle in the early Qing Dynasty was combined with brick and wood structures, with a width of10.45m and a depth of16.9m.. The front hall is decorated with octagonal algae wells, stone door frames and blue bricks. The courtyard gate faces the fish pond, and there is a wooden arcade in the front yard, which is beautifully carved.

49 residential buildings distributed around Kuiguang Hall are divided into 5 rows, separated by tunnels. Although the building is over a hundred years old, its style is consistent, with blue bricks and tiles, high walls and extraordinary momentum.

There are many traditional architectural groups in the west, with regular architectural styles, unified decorative techniques and more magnificent scale and momentum. Now there are Zidetang (Civilization Square), Zhimeitang (eight buildings), Dafudi (Jimei Hall), Shangshan Xijitang and other buildings that are well preserved.

In front of Zidetang Temple, there is a brick square gate named "Civilization Square", which is made of brick and wood in the middle of Qing Dynasty and faces south. Shizhu Lian said: "Wenfeng shrugs the literati and is bright and beautiful in the mirror." Taking it as the center, Ma Lao Gallery and Xinma Gallery on the east side are a group, and the residential group has 22 halls and galleries with an area of 3,720 square meters. The seven buildings on the west side are a combination, with an area of 1344 square meters. The nine buildings in the back section are a combination. Covers an area of 2860 square meters.

Horse gallery building, with cloister hall in front of the main house. There are wings on both sides of the hall, which are the rooms where doors, porters and servants live. When outsiders enter, dismount from the entrance of the stable and wait for the servant to be introduced into the main room. Although the horse gallery is lower than the main house, it is also beautifully decorated. The new Malang Gallery adopts four pillars made of bluestone, and the bottom of the pillars is engraved with flower patterns. Engraved on the pillar are "the appearance of the pond changes, cypress trees fly around" and "the home is renewed and the world is repaired, and the scale is imitated from the old." The old horse gallery uses wooden columns, and the decoration is slightly simple. The main houses in the large-scale community combination of Wenmingfang have a unified style and a network layout. Even if this difference is caused by time and financial resources, it is only slightly reflected in indoor sculpture decoration and furniture.

Zhimeitang and Badong Building were built at the same time in the middle and late Qing Dynasty. The ancestral hall is large in scale, with large wooden columns and caissons in the front and back halls. The roadway of residential houses is paved with green slate along the steps, with pebbles in the middle and corridors from the front yard on both sides. There is a wooden hanging building in the corridor, carved like a boudoir. The hanging building is opposite to the main house through the roadway, and there is a miscellaneous house behind the main house. There are four pillars in the main room, and each pillar is divided into two buildings, both of which are separated by a roadway. The front yard is paved with bluestone slats, and the residential hall is divided with wood carvings. There are golden birds painted in the hall, and some couplets are written directly on the pillars with gold powder, which is very dazzling. After the gate was closed, the house became a whole. The whole combination covers an area of 2,500 square meters.

The combination of Dafudi (Jimei Hall) and residential buildings: Dafudi is 34 meters long, 14 meters wide and 12 meters high, covering an area of 476 square meters, with brick-wood structure and stone structure in the middle of Qing Dynasty. There are three doors in front, and there are stone tablets embedded in the main entrance, with the characters of "Great Blessed Land" carved horizontally, which are vigorous and powerful. It is embedded with three rectangular stone carvings, which carve the stories of characters in China traditional drama. There are stone couplets on both sides of the gate, which read, "After the preface, the emperor is modest and light, and the ancestors are broad and beautiful." The main hall is a big wooden beam structure with octagonal stone pillars, with animals, flowers and Four Treasures of the Study carved on each side. The hall is equipped with an octagonal caisson. A row of grinding workshops and toilets will be built on the right side of Dafu front wall to facilitate the gathering of all ethnic groups. On the left side of the front wall are two rows of residential houses with the same family, with an area of 1050 m2. There are side doors in the courtyard of residential houses, and wooden arcades are set in the courtyard, mainly decorated with wood carvings. Rich in content and ingenious in conception.

Shangshan Xiji Hall and residential groups: Xiji Hall is a building in Sanjin Ancestral Hall in the middle of Qing Dynasty, with high terrain. There is a low wooden door on the front porch, and there is a flagpole stone at the door. The stone surface is engraved with "Qianlong Jiazi Imperial Examiner". The internal structure is quite solemn, and it feels like a yamen as soon as you enter the hall. There is a "Shen Fu Temple" on the left, and all the 13 residential buildings with a total area of 2000 square meters are located behind the ancestral temple, which makes outsiders "look up at the ancestral temple before entering the house". This layout is a special case of the pond.

Tangbian residential groups have obvious characteristics of the times, and they are arranged regularly vertically and horizontally, forming a "chessboard". The gables are towering and angular, and the walls are all polished along the seams, smooth and bright. There is a small courtyard in the compound, with a courtyard in the courtyard, a courtyard at home and a courtyard at home. Roads are made of pebbles or blue bricks. When people walk on it, footsteps can reach the house. There are folds around the roadway, and strangers enter at night. Without a guide, it is really difficult to get out of the ancient village.

The ancient houses in Tangbian have a distinct settlement architecture model based on blood relationship. The "Kuiguang Hall" in the east is the building of Amin dynasty, and it has its residence from tomorrow night to the Qing Dynasty. On both sides of Wen Ming Square are buildings in the early Qing Dynasty, inhabited by descendants of Liu Binxi. "Badong House" and "Dafudi" are buildings in the middle and late Qing Dynasty, where descendants of Liu Zhimei and Liu Jimei lived respectively. These ancient buildings are ancestral halls and residential buildings, forming a closed group.

The existing Tangbian residential group has a strong architectural style of famous rural residential buildings in Jiangyou from the late Ming Dynasty to the early, middle and late Qing Dynasty. The layout of these buildings is orderly, regular and reasonable, and magnificent. Each group has a horse corridor, a cloister, a hall, a miscellaneous house and a side house. They are separated by a roadway, which is convenient for ventilation and lighting, safe and comfortable. The hall is mainly made of wood and decorated with algae wells, screens and fences. Some corridors are equipped with wooden arcades, and important buildings are embedded with stone doorposts, stone doorframes and stone pillars. Decorative techniques are mainly carving, including land reduction carving, convex carving, line carving and round carving, as well as carving, through carving, plastic pile, mapping and bronzing. Some directly use gold powder to describe objects, draw pictures and pick up books. Most of the decorations are pavilions, sages' allusions, opera stories and flowers, birds, insects and fish. In particular, the screen of the upper hall of the Eight Mansions is covered with golden bird and beast patterns, which contains auspicious and festive meanings such as "Jue Feng Lu Hou", "Fulu Xi Shou", "Peace in the Four Seasons", "Evergreen in Song He" and "Four Friends and Eight Treasures".

The whole Tangbian residential group is comparable to the Southern Rural Residential Museum in Qing Dynasty. Its early architecture and decoration are a little crude, and its later decoration and layout are exquisite in materials, complex in ornamentation and exquisite in craftsmanship. The village is elegantly decorated, and every household's hall mirror screen, table incense burner, lampstand candle post and armchair coffee table are antique. All kinds of couplets, inscriptions and paintings are rich in connotation, which either prohibit behavior, or inspire the younger generation, or preach the virtues of the ancestors, and are full of philosophy of life. Most of these inscriptions and calligraphy are written by dignitaries or famous artists, which fully shows the identity and status of the owner. The quality of daily necessities is also very high. In addition to wood and bamboo, there are all kinds of gold, silver, copper and tin products, which are still as bright as new under the reflection of lacquer light in the hall. Among them, Dafu Land and Eight Mansions are even more colorful.

In the early 1930s, Mr. Guo Moruo, a great writer, stopped by the pond and thought that "this is one of the eight styles of ancient houses in China, which is rare in China". During the period of 1996, Professor Zhou Luanshu, a famous historian and president of Jiangxi Academy of Social Sciences, together with experts from the national and provincial cultural relics bureaus, made an on-the-spot investigation here, and concluded that the residential buildings here are "a group structure with rich historical and cultural connotations, and are unique ancient residential buildings in southern China, which is the first discovery in China." A professor in Peking University once commented that "the community-style houses in Tangbian Village reflect the characteristics of local, family and folk customs, and are of great research value". In 2006, a professor at Xiamen University and an expert on enclosed houses in Fujian pointed out that "Tangbian residential group is a typical embodiment of the absolute equality of people's living conditions", which is "different in form and consistent in function" with enclosed houses in Fujian and Gannan. In 2000, Ms Anna Ho, a doctoral student at Harvard University, and Anfu employees visited the pond and praised it as "the epitome of aristocratic architecture on the land in southern China". In recent years, many experts and scholars at home and abroad have come to visit, visit and inspect, and professors such as Nanchang University and Central South Forestry College have also praised Tangbian as "a distinctive specimen of southern residential buildings". With the rise of rural tourism, Tangbian Village receives more than 20,000 tourists every year, further expanding its influence.

Fourth, national customs and intangible cultural heritage.

During the Spring and Autumn Period, Anfu crossed Wu Chu, exchanged, infiltrated and deduced with Wu Chu culture, and formed relatively fixed folk cultural characteristics, among which the manifestation and spreading age of "worshipping witches" was particularly long. With the changes of the times, these folk customs, which are a blend of production sacrifices, religious festivals and national traditional festivals, also have differences and distinct personalities due to differences in geographical location, living habits, thinking concepts and inheritance relations.

Tangbian village not only retains the general traditional festivals and regional cultural phenomena of the southern Han nationality, but also has its unique folk cultural charm.

General festivals and celebrations include: Spring Festival, New Year greetings, Dragon Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of the first month, Lantern Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Long Summer Festival, eating New Year before rice harvest, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival on July 15, burning towers in the Mid-Autumn Festival, and offering sacrifices to graves from winter to the day to celebrate the New Year.

The characteristic folk custom is "Biao Sao tea": you should drink Biao Sao tea from the Lantern Festival to the spring sowing season. Take the natural village as a unit, drink tea once a day from the first one at the head of the village to the last one at the end of the village. Housewives who invite tea will come to each house and bring back small cups collected from each house after being invited. When drinking tea, the hostess should use homemade local fine tea or precious tea. In addition to tea, there are fried beans, salted ginger, carrots and boiled water in the teacups, and a 5-inch bamboo stick is put in each teacup to facilitate the ladies to pick tea. The host boiled water in a big copper pot and sifted it over and over again in the cup. This kind of tea mixed with various local products is yellow in color, fragrant in smell, salty in taste and full of momentum.

In addition to drinking tea and chatting, people will sing folk songs with their voices on when they are in high spirits, and some people will knock on the lid of the teacup to accompany the wine. Most of the songs sung are local tea picking songs, three bowls of tea and a sieve bowl of strong tea. "A bowl of tea, delicious! The more you eat, the more delicious it is! Brother and sister! The more you eat, the more delicious it is! Two bowls of tea, full of winter! Give it to my good husband, don't provoke butterflies and don't attract bees! Brother and sister! Strong tea makes you feel better! Three bowls of tea, so delicious! This is a happy New Year's tea. Sisters, come and taste it! Brother and sister! Come and try it! "

In 2002, Liu Pufeng, an amateur writer in Anfu County, composed music, directed by Liu Lu and performed by a kindergarten teacher in the county. Her dance "Nan Xiang Nv", based on "Biao Sao Tea" by the pond, participated in the second art festival in Jiangxi Province and won the first prize of creation and performance in one fell swoop. On 20 12, Biao Sao tea was announced by Jiangxi province as an intangible cultural heritage protection project.

There are some tourist attractions near Tangbian Village, such as Kuiguang Hall, Red Fifth Army Battle Site Group, Dou Kuigong Temple, Queen Mother Fairy Palace, Tea Garden Liu's Temple (Bookstore), and King's Tomb. There are also Anfu ham, Chenshan red cedar, green pepper duck tongue, Anfu winter bamboo shoots, Anfu ancient black pottery and other specialties.