I see the development of science and technology in China" Junior High School History Essay

Today, when mankind's heroic flight to the cosmic space, when the robot was introduced, when the high-definition digital color television into the daily family life, when the birth of the cloned sheep Dolly shocked the whole world, when people in the modern science and technology for the magical function and marveled at the time, do you understand that one of the sub-disciplines of chemical engineering - separation Science - the excellent efficacy of modern science and technology information science, materials science and bio-engineering is known as the three major cutting-edge science, new materials are also known as one of the pillars of modern civilization. This is because there is no fancy, complete varieties, strange functions, high purity of new materials, all high-tech only, are to develop and utilize natural resources, and then separated or synthesized high purity of materials as the basis. Chemical separation and purification technology as a component of science and technology, for the various needs of mankind into reality to provide a reliable guarantee. Modern separation technology has been able to make the impurity content of the product is less than one part per billion, known as the modern separator of solvent extraction (liquid-liquid extraction) is one of the modern separation technology. For example, in the reprocessing of nuclear fuel, irradiated nuclear fuel is treated with extraction and separation techniques to extract the artificial nuclide hydrazinium no 239, of which the yield of both uranium and plutonium can reach 99 9%. The effect of removing strong radioactive substances (decontamination coefficient) can reach 106~108. "Solvent extraction" as a term, many people may not be familiar with, but as a practical separation method, but has long been used in practice. The history of solvent extraction for separation of inorganic compounds is well documented. 1842 Peligot (Peligot) first found that diethyl ether can be used to extract uranyl nitrate from nitric acid solution. Subsequently, it was found in practice that some other inorganic substances could also be extracted by some organic substances, and accordingly, the quantitative relationship of semi-empirical liquid-liquid equilibrium was initially established. To the end of the 19th century, Nernst (Nernst) using the basic principles of thermodynamics on the liquid-liquid equilibrium relationships for further elaboration, put forward the famous Nernst's Law of Distribution, the law for the development of extraction chemistry and chemical industry has laid an early theoretical foundation. the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, people began to extract the separation technology used in the field of organic chemicals and petrochemicals, such as the use of ester extractants extracting Acetic acid, liquid sulfur dioxide as an extractant to remove aromatic hydrocarbons from kerosene. 1930s, people tried to apply the extraction separation technology in the separation of rare earth elements, but due to the limitations of the conditions at that time, no substantial progress was made. 1940s, the atomic energy industry was born during the war, based on the production of nuclear fuel, the extraction separation technology both in theory and in practical application have been rapidly developed, especially the triphosphoric acid, the phosphoric acid, the phosphoric acid, the phosphoric acid, the phosphoric acid, the phosphoric acid, the phosphoric acid, the phosphoric acid and the phosphoric acid. Rapid development, especially after the application of tributyl phosphate as the extractant of nuclear fuel, the extraction and separation technology has entered a new stage. Subsequently, extraction separation technology has been continuously applied in the fields of separation of rare earths, hydrometallurgy, inorganic chemical industry, organic chemical industry, medicine, food, environment and so on, and achieved very good results. By now, the extraction separation technology can involve almost all elements in the periodic table of elements, and has become one of the main members of the separation technology. Therefore, as long as you carefully understand the brilliant history of extraction and separation technology, you will be attracted by its excellent functions. We are now in a historical period of transformation from an industrialized society to an information society, and in such a big background, modern science and technology is also transforming from the era of big science and technology to the era of mega science and technology. The development of science and technology in this era is different from the individual-led small science and technology era, also different from the government-led large science and technology era, but a diversified science and technology development era with enterprise scientific and technological innovation as the main body, and the development of super-conventional science and technology will gradually replace the conventional science and technology to become the mainstream of science and technology development in the future. In such a period of historical transition, the development of science and technology in China is facing a serious challenge and a very good opportunity for development. The mega-technology era of scientific and technological development will inevitably give rise to adjustments in the scientific and technological development strategies and policies of various countries. As a researcher concerned about the development of China's science and technology, I would like to interact and discuss with the majority of netizens on the issue of "mega-technology" and the construction of the road of independent innovation with Chinese characteristics, with a view to contributing to the development of the country. The study of the history of modern science in China urgently needs to be carried out. "Man creates history, but he is ignorant of the history he is creating." This famous saying of Western philosophers seems to be the reality that we are facing, for more than 100 years, we, an ancient civilization with a long tradition of historiography, have been in the tide of modernization, and are still in the process of catching up with the advanced countries. Therefore, for its own modern history, often feel lackluster, unbearable to look back, or disdain, or have no time to care, or intentionally avoid, or even deliberately fabricated. The strong contrast between modern and ancient times, especially in the history of science and technology, coupled with a period of extreme leftist ideology of the proliferation of modern history, so in a fairly long period of time, the ancient history of science and technology is the mainstream of the study of the history of science and technology in China, modern science and technology history of the few, to a considerable extent, is still invisible in the heavy fog of history. Since the introduction of modern science and technology into China in the 19th century, it has experienced an extraordinary process of twists and turns. From the middle of the 19th century in the movement of self-improvement began in the "master of the barbarians" and "seek strength and wealth", to the early years of the 20th century, "science to save the country", "industry to save the country" thinking, "the world of science and technology", "the world of science and technology", "the world of science and technology", "the world of science and technology". From "marching to science" in the 1950s to the strategy of "developing the country through science and education" at the end of the 20th century, how many hopes, dreams and visions have the Chinese people given to science and technology? Over the past 150 years, China's progress in science and technology has been remarkable, but in the modern science and technology building created by all mankind***, the contribution of the Chinese people is still quite limited, and the modernization of China's science and technology has not yet been completed. Standing on the threshold of the new century, how should China develop science and technology, catch up with the international advanced level, and realize the historical responsibility of "developing the country through science and education"? In the face of such an important question, we not only need to understand and learn from the experience of developed countries in science and technology, but also need to study in depth the history of China's modern scientific and technological development and its relationship with society and culture, and strive to accurately grasp the characteristics of science and technology and its development mechanism, as well as to summarize China's modern scientific and technological development of the history of experience and lessons learned. Regrettably, while we have devoted ourselves to solving immediate scientific and technological problems and catching up with the international advanced level, we have seldom systematically explored and summarized our experiences and lessons in the development of science and technology over the past one or two centuries. For a long time, we have lacked a proper understanding of how to promote the progress of science and technology in China and create social conditions and a cultural atmosphere conducive to the development of science and technology. As a result, not only have we not been able to fully learn the lessons of history, but we may have repeated old and inappropriate policies and initiatives. Therefore, in the face of heavy responsibilities and challenges today, the systematic study of the history of modern Chinese science and technology development is not only an urgent task for academic research, but also a major topic given to us by reality

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